Water quality monitoring using remote sensing in support of the EU water framework directive (WFD): A case study in the Gulf of Finland | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing in support of the EU water framework directive (WFD): A case study in the Gulf of Finland

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing has been studied in Finland for many years. But there are still few discussions on water quality monitoring using remote sensing technology in support of water policy and legislation in Finland under the WFD. In this study, we present water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the Gulf of Finland, and focus on the spatial distribution of water quality information from satellite-based observations in support of water policy by a case study of nitrate concentrations in surface waters. In addition, we briefly describe instruments using a system of river basin districts (RBD), highlighting the importance of integrated water resources and river-basin management in the WFD, and discuss the role of water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the implementation of water policy in Finland under the WFD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Japan)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Backhaus, R., & Beule, B. (2005). Effective evaluation of satellite data products inenvironmental policy. Space Policy, 21(3), 173–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, H. (1999). The European Union Water Framework Directive, taking European waterpolicy into the next millennium. Water Science and Technology, 40(10),67–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, H. (2001). EU policy on nutrients emissions: legislation and implementation.Water Science and Technology, 44(1), 1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Ekroos, A., & Hallikainen, M. (2004). The role of remote sensingtechnology in the EU water framework directive (WFD). Environmental Science andPolicy, 7(4), 267–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dirksen, W. (2002). Water management structure in Europe. Irrgation and Drainage,51(3), 199–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dworak, T., Laaser, C., Kuntz, S., & Seifert, F.M. (2005). Possible contributions ofESA global monitoring for environment and security initiative for the WFDimplementation. Environmental Science and Policy, 8(3), 321–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esty, D.C., & Cornelius, P.K. (2002). Environmental Performance Measurement:Global Report 2001–2002, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gipperth, L., & Elmgren, R. (2005). Adaptive coastal planning and the European Union'swater framework directive: A Swedish perspective. AMBIO, 34(2), 157–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinz, I., Andrews, K., Brouwer, F., & Zabel, T. (2002). Voluntary arrangements tocope with diffuse pollution from agriculture and their role in European water policy.Water Science and Technology, 46(6–7), 27–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kallis, G., & Butler, D.(2001). The EU water framework directive: measures andimplications. Water Policy, 3(2), 125–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katko, T.S., Lipponen, M.A., & Ronka, E.K.(2006), Groundwater use and policy incommunity water supply in Finland. Hydrogeology Journal, 14(1), 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koponen, S., Pulliainen, J., Servomaa, H., Zhang, Y., Hallikainen, M., Kallio, K.,Vepsäläinen, J., Pyhälahti, T. & Hannonen, T.: 2001, Analysis on thefeasibility of multisource remote sensing observations for chl-a monitoring in Finnishlakes. The Science of the Total Environment, 268(1–3), 95–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koponen, S., Pulliainen, J., Kallio, K., & Hallikainen, M. (2002). Lake water qualityclassification with airborne hyperspectral spectrometer and simulated MERIS data. Remote Sens. Environ., 79(1), 51–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroiss, H. (1999). Water protection strategies — Critical discussion in regard to theDanube river basin. Water Science and Technology, 39(8), 185–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumpula, A. (2002). Environmental Law. In J. Poyhonen (2nd eds.). AnIntroduction to Finnish Law, Finnish Lawyers' Publishing, pp.500–555.3pt

  • Kuusiniemi, K. (1993). Environmental Law. In J. Poyhonen (1st eds.). AnIntroduction to Finnish Law, Finnish Lawyers Publishing, pp.345–386.

  • Kuusiniemi, K. (2000). Water policy and legislation in the EU- the call for anintegradted approach, Lecture Note of Nordic Research Course on Water Resources-LegalProtection and Regulation, 19–24 August, Ebeltoft, Denmark.

  • Kuusisto, M., Koponen, J., & Sarkkula, J. (1998). Modelled phytoplankton dynamics inthe Gulf of Finland, Enviorn. Modelling and Software, 13(5–6), 461–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindell, T., Pierson, D., Premazzi, G., & Zilioli, E. (1999). Manual forMonitoring European Lakes Using Remote Sensing Techniques, (EUR 18665 EN, OfficialPublications of the European Communities, 161 p. Luxembourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luijten, J.C., Knapp, E.B., Sanz, S.I., & Jones, J.W.(2003). A role GIS-basedsimulation for empowering local stakeholders in water resources negotiations indeveloping countries: case studies for two rural hillside watersheds in Honduras andColombia. Water Policy, 5(3), 213–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maia, R. (2003). The Iberian Peninsula's shared rivers harmonization of use: APortuguese perspective. Water International 28(3), 389–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marjanovic, P., & Miloradov, M. (1998). Systems view of integrated water qualitymonitoring within the requirements of the new national water policy in South Africa.Water Science and Technology, 38(11), 141–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MoE (Ministry of the Environment): (1998). Water protection targets to 2005 (Abstractin English). The Finnish Environment, 226, FEI.

  • Nazarov, N., Cook, H.F., & Woodgate G. (2000). Water pollution control in anindependent Ukraine. Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water andEnvironmental Management, 14(2), 117–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neal, C., & Heathwaite A.L. (2005). Nutrient mobility within river basins: a Europeanperspective. Journal of Hydrology, 304(1–4), 477–490.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pulliainen, J., Kallio, K., Eloheimo, K., Koponen, S., Servomaa, H., Hannonen, T.,Tauriainen, S. & Hallikainen, M. (2001). A semi-operational approach to water qualityretrival from remote sensing data. The Science of the Total Environment,268(1–3), 79–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quevauviller, P., Balabanis, P., Fragakis, C., Weydert, M., Oliver, M., Kaschl, A.,Arnold, G., Kroll, A., Galbiati, L., Zaldivar, J.M., & Bidoglio, G. (2005).Science-policy integration needs in support of the implementation of the EU WaterFramework Directive. Environmental Science and Policy, 8(3), 203–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varjopuro, R., Sahivirta, E., Makinen, T., & Helminen, H. (2000). Regulation andmonitoring of marine aquaculture in Finland. Journal of Applied Ichtyology,16(1), 148–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vihervuori, P. (1998). Environmental Law — Finland. International Encyclopaediaof Laws, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • WWAP (2003). Water for people, water for life', United Nations World Water DevelopmentReport, UNESCO-WWAP.

  • Zhang, Y., Pulliainen, J., Koponen, S., & Hallikainen, M. (2002a). Application of anempirical neural network to surface water quality estimation in the Gulf of Finlandusing combined optical data and microwave data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 81(2–3), 327–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Pulliainen, J., Koponen, S., & Hallikainen, M. (2002b). Water qualitystudies of combined optical, thermal infrared, and microwave remote sensing. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 34(4), 281–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Pulliainen, J., Koponen, S., & Hallikainen, M. (2002c). Applicability ofcombined microwave and optical data for surface water quality retrievals. Journalof Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 16(2), 249–251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Pulliainen, J., Koponen, S., & Hallikainen, M. (2002d). Detection of seasurface temperature (SST) using infrared band data of advanced very high resolutionradiometer (AVHRR) in the Gulf of Finland. International Journal of Infrared andMillimeter Waves, 23(10), 1407–1412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Pulliainen, J., Koponen, S., & Hallikainen, M. (2003a). Water qualityretrievals from combined Landsat TM data and ERS-2 SAR data in the Gulf of Finland.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41(3), 622–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Koponen, S., Pulliainen, J., & Hallikainen, M. (2003b). Application ofempirical neural networks to chlorophyll-a estimation in coastal waters usingoptosensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 3(4), 376–382.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Pulliainen, J., Koponen, S. & Hallikainen, M. (2003c). Empirical algorithmsfor Secchi disk depth using optical and microwave remote sensing data from the Gulf ofFinland and the Archipelago. Boreal Environment Research, 8(3), 251–261.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Law Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 1200, FIN-02015, HUT, Finland, USA

    Qiaoling Chen

  2. Laboratory of Space Technology Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 3000, FIN-02015, Helsinki, Finland, USA

    Yuanzhi Zhang & Martti Hallikainen

Authors
  1. Qiaoling Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuanzhi Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martti Hallikainen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuanzhi Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, Q., Zhang, Y. & Hallikainen, M. Water quality monitoring using remote sensing in support of the EU water framework directive (WFD): A case study in the Gulf of Finland. Environ Monit Assess 124, 157–166 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9215-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9215-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation