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Security in IoT-enabled smart agriculture: architecture, security solutions and challenges

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Abstract

Agricultural industry is one of the most vital industries that has a major contribution to the economy due to its share in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and as a source of employment. The past few decades have seen immense change in the operation of agricultural sector with the introduction of precision farming in conjunction with Internet of Things (IoT). The application of such advancements is highly based on exchange of messages between various devices in the farming. This paper aims to study the security scenarios applicable in husbandry through the analysis of possible attacks and threats. The testbeds available for agriculture based on IoT have been studied. An architecture for smart farming is proposed which is independent of the underlying technologies that may be used and the requirements of security have been laid out based on the proposed architecture. A literature survey of security protocols for various subsectors of security in smart agriculture along with authentication protocols in smart applications provides a detailed direction of the progress in each of farming security sub-areas and identifies the dearth of existing protocols. The current progress in development of IoT-based tools and systems from industry has also been studied.

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Acknowledgements

This work is partially funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the Project UIDB/50008/2020; and by Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, via Grant No. 313036/2020-9. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their valuable feedback on the paper.

Funding

This work was supported by “FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the Project UIDB/EEA/50008/2020; by the Government of the Russian Federation under Grant 08-08; and by the Brazilian National Council for Research and Development (CNPq) via Grants No. 431726/2018-3 and 313036/2020-9.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, 500 032, India

    Anusha Vangala & Ashok Kumar Das

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BITS-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333 031, Pilani, India

    Vinay Chamola

  3. ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Valery Korotaev & Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues

  4. Senac Faculty of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues

  5. Instituto de Telecomunicações, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal

    Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues

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  1. Anusha Vangala
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  3. Vinay Chamola
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  4. Valery Korotaev
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  5. Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
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Contributions

“Conceptualization: Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das; Methodology: Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das, Vinay Chamola, Valery Korotaev, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues; Security analysis: Anusha Vangala and Ashok Kumar Das; Investigation: Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das, Vinay Chamola,Valery Korotaev, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues; Writing-original draft preparation and writing-review and editing: Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues; Supervision: Ashok Kumar Das, Vinay Chamola, Valery Korotaev, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues; Funding acquisition: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues.”

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Correspondence to Ashok Kumar Das.

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Vangala, A., Das, A.K., Chamola, V. et al. Security in IoT-enabled smart agriculture: architecture, security solutions and challenges. Cluster Comput 26, 879–902 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03566-7

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