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BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM): performance analysis during different levels of solar conditions

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Abstract

The BeiDou-3 system uses the BeiDou Global broadcast Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM) to describe global vertical total electron content (VTEC) distributions and provide ionospheric delay mitigations in single-frequency positioning. The transmission of BDGIM correction parameters in the navigation message of BeiDou-3 started in mid-2015. The limited coverage of BeiDou-3 transmitted BDGIM parameters inhibits the evaluation of model performance during different levels of solar conditions. As such, we present a method to re-estimate BDGIM correction parameters and generate model parameters during the period 2010–2017 using a small global network of 20 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations. Tests covering the eight years demonstrate that BDGIM can reduce the ionospheric error to less than 25% for 98% of the examined samples when compared to global ionospheric maps (GIMs) provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS), and for 90% when compared to the observed VTECs from Jason-2/3 altimetry missions. Overall, BDGIM reduces residual ionospheric delays by 10–20% compared to the ionospheric correction algorithm (ICA) of the global positioning system (GPS), the empirical International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2016, and our fitted NeQuick-C model. The root-mean-square (RMS) error of BDGIM increases by 32 and 21% in comparison with GIM-derived and Jason-2 observed VTECs during the geomagnetic storm in March 2015, indicating the significant degradation of model performance during the disturbed geomagnetic period.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Crust Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and International GNSS Service (IGS) for providing GNSS data. This work was supported by the National Key Research Program of China (2017YFGH002206), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42074043), the Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO-CR-KP-2020-12), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association and Future Star Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The source codes of BDGIM are available from the first author (wangningbo@aoe.ac.cn) on request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100094, China

    Ningbo Wang & Zishen Li

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), CAS, Wuhan, 430077, China

    Ningbo Wang, Yunbin Yuan & Xingliang Huo

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  1. Ningbo Wang
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  2. Zishen Li
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  4. Xingliang Huo
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Correspondence to Zishen Li.

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Wang, N., Li, Z., Yuan, Y. et al. BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM): performance analysis during different levels of solar conditions. GPS Solut 25, 97 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-021-01125-y

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