Abstract
We develop a new approach for cycle slip detection and repair under high ionospheric activity using undifferenced dual-frequency GPS carrier phase observations. A forward and backward moving window averaging (FBMWA) algorithm and a second-order, time-difference phase ionospheric residual (STPIR) algorithm are integrated to jointly detect and repair cycle slips. The FBMWA algorithm is proposed to detect cycle slips from the widelane ambiguity of Melbourne–Wübbena linear combination observable. The FBMWA algorithm has the advantage of reducing the noise level of widelane ambiguities, even if the GPS data are observed under rapid ionospheric variations. Thus, the detection of slips of one cycle becomes possible. The STPIR algorithm can better remove the trend component of ionospheric variations compared to the normally used first-order, time-difference phase ionospheric residual method. The combination of STPIR and FBMWA algorithms can uniquely determine the cycle slips at both GPS L 1 and L 2 frequencies. The proposed approach has been tested using data collected under different levels of ionospheric activities with simulated cycle slips. The results indicate that this approach is effective even under active ionospheric conditions.
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Acknowledgments
The financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 41004011) is greatly appreciated. The second author is grateful for receiving the support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University projects 1-ZV6L, A-PJ63, and A-PJ78. The second author also thanks for the support by the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Wuhan University, GNSS Research Center), China. The International GNSS Service is acknowledged for providing the data used in this study. Three anonymous reviewers and the Editor-in-Chief Prof. Alfred Leick are thanked for their constructive comments to improve the quality of this paper.
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Cai, C., Liu, Z., Xia, P. et al. Cycle slip detection and repair for undifferenced GPS observations under high ionospheric activity. GPS Solut 17, 247–260 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-012-0275-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-012-0275-7