Abstract
Advances in video camera and wireless communication technology have enabled a variety of video applications over the Internet. However, meeting these applications’ quality-of-service requirements poses significant challenges to the underlying network and has attracted significant attention from the networking research community. In particular, wireless multipath video transmission has been proposed as a viable alternative to deliver adequate performance to Internet video applications. This survey provides a thorough review of the current state-of-the-art in multipath video transmission focusing on IoT applications. We introduce a taxonomy to classify existing approaches based on their application-specific mechanisms (e.g., video coding techniques) as well as networking-specific techniques. In addition to describing existing approaches in light of the proposed taxonomy, we also discuss directions for future work.








Similar content being viewed by others
References
Index, C.V.N.: Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022 White Paper. Cisco Systems Inc., San Jose (2019)
Alvi, S.A., Afzal, B., Shah, G.A., Atzori, L., Mahmood, W.: Internet of multimedia things: vision and challenges. Ad Hoc Netw. 33, 87–111 (2015)
Afzal, S., Testoni, V., Rothenberg, C.E., Kolan, P., Bouazizi, I.: A holistic survey of wireless multipath video streaming. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 1–42, (2019)
Aswale, S., Ghorpade, V.R.: Survey of QoS routing protocols in wireless multimedia sensor networks. J. Comput. Netw. Commun. 2015, 1–29 (2015)
Hasan, M.Z., Al-Rizzo, H., Al-Turjman, F.: A Survey on multipath routing protocols for QoS assurances in real-time wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 19(3), 1424–1456 (2017)
Shen, H., Bai, G.: Routing in wireless multimedia sensor networks: a survey and challenges ahead. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 71, 30–49 (2016)
Anasane, A.A., Satao, R.A.: A Survey on various multipath routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Procedia Comput. Sci. 79(020), 610–615 (2016)
Al-Ariki, H.D.E., Swamy, M.N.: A survey and analysis of multipath routing protocols in wireless multimedia sensor networks. Wirel. Netw. 23(6), 1823–1835 (2017)
Chikh, A., Lehsaini, M.: Multipath routing protocols for wireless multimedia sensor networks: a survey. Int. J. Commun. Netw. Distrib. Syst. 20(1), 60–81 (2018)
Cao, Y., Liu, Q., Luo, G., Yi, Y., Huang, M.: PR-MPTCP+: Context-aware QoE-oriented multipath TCP partial reliability extension for real-time multimedia applications. VCIP 2016-30th Anniversary of Visual Communication and Image Processing, pp. 1–4 (2017)
Felemban, E., Lee, C.G., Ekici, E.: MMSPEED: multipath multi-SPEED protocol for QoS guarantee of reliability and timeliness in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 5(6), 738–753 (2006)
Santos, M.A., Porras, D.E., Silveira, R.M., Margi, C.B.: Multipath source routing strategies for video transmission in ad hoc wireless networks. Wirel. Netw. 21(3), 859–869 (2015)
Deb, B., Bhatnagar, S., Nath, B.: ReInForM: reliable information forwarding using multiple paths in sensor networks. Proceedings-Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN, vol. 2003-Janua, pp. 406–415 (2003)
Sedrati, M., Benyahia, A.: Multipath routing to improve quality of service for video streaming over mobile ad hoc networks. Wirel. Personal Commun. 99(2), 999–1013 (2018)
El Dien, M.E., Youssif, A.A.A., Ghalwash, A.Z.: Energy efficient and QoS aware framework for video transmission over wireless sensor networks. Wirel. Sens. Netw. 08(03), 25–36 (2016)
Khernane, N., Couchot, J.F., Mostefaoui, A.: Maximum network lifetime with optimal power/rate and routing trade-off for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Comput. Commun. 124(March), 1–16 (2018)
Ahmed, A.A.: A real-time routing protocol with adaptive traffic shaping for multimedia streaming over next-generation of wireless multimedia sensor networks. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 40, 495–511 (2017)
Hu, Y., Jianguang, S., Fangfang, S., Zhuoxian, Z.: Delay constraint multipath routing for wireless multimedia ad hoc networks. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 29, 210–225 (2016)
Hasan, M.Z., Al-Turjman, F., Al-Rizzo, H.: Optimized multi-constrained quality-of-service multipath routing approach for multimedia sensor networks. IEEE Sens. J. 17(7), 2298–2309 (2017)
Akyildiz, I.F., Melodia, T., Chowdury, K.R.: Wireless multimedia sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 14(6), 32–39 (2007)
Harjito, B., Han, S.: Wireless multimedia sensor networks applications and security challenges. Proceedings-2010 International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing Communication and Applications, BWCCA 2010, pp. 842–846 (2010)
Ehsan, S., Hamdaoui, B.: A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with QoS assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 14(2), 265–278 (2012)
Yang, C., Wu, C., Yang, Z., Liu, T., Yin, Z., Liu, Y., Mao, X.: Enhancing industrial video surveillance over wireless mesh networks. 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN 2016 (2016)
Dao, N.Q., Le-Dang, Q., Morawski, R., Dang, A.T., Le-Ngoc, T.: Management of video surveillance for smart cities. Handbook of Smart Cities: Software Services and Cyber Infrastructure, pp. 285–310 (2018)
Kulkarni, P., Ganesan, D., Shenoy, P., Lu, Q.: Senseye: a multi-tier camera sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, pp. 229–238. ACM (2005)
Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., Booch, G.: Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual. The Pearson Higher Education, New York (2004)
Abazeed, M., Faisal, N., Ali, A.: Cross-layer multipath routing scheme for wireless multimedia sensor network. Wirel. Netw. 6, 4887–4901 (2018)
Thet, P.M., Panwaree, P., Kim, J., Aswakul, C.: Design and functionality test of chunked video streaming over emulated multi-path OpenFlow network. ECTI-CON 2015-2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, pp. 1–6 (2015)
Begen, A.C., Altunbasak, Y., Ergun, O.: Fast heuristics for multi-path selection for multiple description encoded video streaming. Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, vol. 1, pp. I517–I520 (2003)
Barakabitze, A.A., Mkwawa, I.H., Sun, L., Ifeachor, E.: QualitySDN: improving video quality using MPTCP and segment routing in SDN/NFV. 2018 4th IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization and Workshops, NetSoft 2018, pp. 10–18 (2018)
Barakabitze, A.A., Sun, L., Mkwawa, I.H., Ifeachor, E.: A novel QoE-centric SDN-based multipath routing approach for multimedia services over 5G networks. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. 2018, 1–7 (2018)
Correia, P., Ferreira, L., Assuncao, P.A., Cruz, L., Silva, V.: Optimal priority MDC video streaming for networks with path diversity. 2012 International Conference on Telecommunications and Multimedia, TEMU 2012, pp. 54–59 (2012)
Cui, H., Sun, Q., Zhang, B., Zhang, X., Wu, W.: Video-aware multipath network coding over multi-hop wireless networks. Int. Conf. Inf. Netw. 2019, 171–175 (2019)
Singh, V., Ahsan, S., Ott, J.: MPRTP: multipath considerations for real-time media. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys 2013, pp. 190–201 (2013)
Abd El Kader, M.E.E.D., Youssif, A.A., Ghalwash, A.Z.: Energy aware and adaptive cross-layer scheme for video transmission over wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sens. J. 16(21), 7792–7802 (2016)
Youssif, A.A., Ghalwash, A.Z., Abd El Kader, M.E.E.D.: ACWSN: an adaptive cross layer framework for video transmission over wireless sensor networks. Wirel. Netw. 21(8), 2693–2710 (2015)
Quang, P.T.A., Piamrat, K., Deep Singh, K., Viho, C.: Q-SWiM: QoE-based routing algorithm for SVC video streaming over wireless mesh networks. IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC, pp. 1–6 (2016)
Pham, T.A.Q., Singh, K.D., Rodríguez-Aguilar, J.A., Picard, G., Piamrat, K., Cerquides, J., Viho, C.: AD 3-GLAM: a cooperative distributed QoE-based approach for SVC video streaming over wireless mesh networks. Ad Hoc Netw. 80, 1–15 (2018)
Lal, C., Laxmi, V., Gaur, M.S., Conti, M.: Enhancing QoE for video streaming in MANETs via multi-constraint routing. Wirel. Netw. 24(1), 235–256 (2018)
Ghareeb, M., Viho, C.: Hybrid QoE assessment is well-suited for multiple description coding video streaming in overlay networks. In: Eighth Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (CNSR), pp. 327–333. IEEE (2010)
Wei, W., Zakhor, A.: Interference aware multipath selection for video streaming in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(2), 165–178 (2009)
Shalini, E., Sundararajan, T.V.P.: Improved video transmission over mobile ad-hoc networks using AOMDV and MDC with path diversity. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 62(17), 35–42 (2013)
Chenna, R.B., Singhal, C., De, S.: MDTC video transmission using channel aware multipath routing in wireless mesh networks. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series (2018)
Ghahremani, S., Ghanbari, M.: Error resilient video transmission in ad hoc networks using layered and multiple description coding. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76(6), 9033–9049 (2017)
Kumar, P., Govindaraj, E.: Quality enhancement with fault tolerant embedding in video transmission over WMSNs in 802.11e WLAN. Ad Hoc Netw. 88, 18–31 (2019)
Wang, H., Ortega, A.: Robust video communication by combining scalability and multiple description coding techniques. Image and Video Communications and Processing 2003, vol. 5022(May 2003), pp. 111 (2003)
Pan, C., Liu, B., Zhou, H., Gui, L.: Multi-path routing for video streaming in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks. 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2016, vol. 11, pp. 73–92 (2016)
Wu, J., Yuen, C., Cheng, B., Yang, Y., Wang, M., Chen, J.: Bandwidth-efficient multipath transport protocol for quality-guaranteed real-time video over heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. 64(6), 2477–2493 (2016)
Colombo, C., Lepage, F., Kopp, R., Gnaedinger, E.: SHERPA: a SDN multipath approach to eliminate resilience impact on video streams. International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings, ICCT, vol. 2019-Octob, pp. 1357–1362 (2019)
Hossain, M.S., You, X., Xiao, W., Lu, J., Song, E.: QoS-oriented multimedia transmission using multipath routing. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 99, 226–234 (2019)
Sreeram, K., Unnisa, A., Poornima, P., Chaudhari, S.: QoS aware multi-constrained node disjoint multipath routing for wireless sensor networks. 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2019, no. 2, pp. 382–385 (2019)
Al-quran, F.: Energy-Efficient and QoS-Aware Multi-Path Geographic Routing Protocol for WMSN. 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1–6 (2018)
Aswale, S., Ghorpade, V.R.: EEMGR: energy and ETX aware multipath geographic routing in WMSN. Proceedings-2018 3rd International Conference On Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and Usages, pp. 1–6. IoT-SIU 2018 (2018)
Aswale, S., Ghorpade, V.R.: Geographic multipath routing based on triangle link quality metric with minimum inter-path interference for wireless multimedia sensor networks. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. 33, 33–44 (2021)
Chakareski, J., Han, S., Girod, B.: Layered coding vs. multiple descriptions for video streaming over multiple paths. Proc. ACM Int. Multimed. Conf. Exhib. 285, 422–431 (2003)
Elgabli, A., Liu, K., Aggarwal, V.: Optimized preference-aware multi-path video streaming with scalable video coding. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 19, 159–172 (2018)
Elgabli, A., Felemban, M., Aggarwal, V.: GroupCast: preference-aware cooperative video streaming with scalable video coding. In: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 27(3), pp. 1138–1150. IEEE (2019)
Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, Y.K., Li, H., Hannuksela, M.M., Gabbouj, M.: Error resilient coding and error concealment in scalable video coding. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(6), 781–795 (2009)
Zhang, Y., Zhan, A., Dai, G., Lin, Z., Yang, Y.: An adaptive multi-path video streaming scalable video coding algorithm. Proceedings-2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering and IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, CSE and EUC 2017, vol. 2, pp. 261–264 (2017)
Wang, Y., Reibman, A.R., Lin, S.: Multiple description coding for video delivery. Proc. IEEE 93(1), 57–69 (2005)
Licandro, F., Lombardo, A., Schembra, G.: Multipath routing and rate-controlled video encoding in wireless video surveillance networks. Multimed. Syst. 14(3), 155–165 (2008)
Bennis, I., Fouchal, H., Piamrat, K., Zytoune, O., Aboutajdine, D.: A realistic multipath routing for Ad Hoc networks. 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference, pp. 1–6. GLOBECOM 2015 (2015)
Khan, K., Goodridge, W.: Multi-criterion decision making and adaptation for multi-path video streaming in WSNS. Int. J. Adv. Netw. Appl. 9(2), 3376–3381 (2017)
Bhatt, R., Datta, R.: A two-tier strategy for priority based critical event surveillance with wireless multimedia sensors. Wirel. Netw. 22(1), 267–284 (2016)
Natarajan, P., Atrey, P.K., Kankanhalli, M.: Multi-camera coordination and control in surveillance systems: a survey. ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. 11(4), 1–30 (2015)
Liu, Z., Cheung, G., Chakareski, J., Ji, Y.: Multiple description coding and recovery of free viewpoint video for wireless multi-path streaming. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. 9(1), 151–164 (2015)
Wang, M., Cheng, B., Yuen, C.: Joint coding-transmission optimization for a video surveillance system with multiple cameras. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 20(3), 620–633 (2018)
Usman, M., Yang, N., Jan, M.A., He, X., Xu, M., Lam, K.M.: A joint framework for QoS and QoE for video transmission over wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 17(4), 746–759 (2018)
Le Gall, D.: Mpeg: a video compression standard for multimedia applications. Commun. ACM 34(4), 46–58 (1991)
Huo, Y., Hellge, C., Wiegand, T., Hanzo, L.: A tutorial and review on inter-layer fec coded layered video streaming. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 17(2), 1166–1207 (2015)
Igartua, M.A., Carrascal Frías, V.: Self-configured multipath routing using path lifetime for video-streaming services over ad hoc networks. Comput. Commun. 33(15), 1879–1891 (2010)
Goyal, V.K.: Multiple description coding: compression meets the network. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 18(5), 74–93 (2001)
Bhering, F., Albuquerque, C., Passos, D., Ochi, L.S.: Multipath selection mechanism for wireless video-surveillance systems. 9th Latin American Network Operations and Management Symposium, LANOMS (2019)
Usman, M., He, X., Xu, M., Lam, K.M.: Survey of Error Concealment techniques: research directions and open issues. 2015 Picture Coding Symposium, PCS 2015-with 2015 Packet Video Workshop, PV 2015-Proceedings, pp. 233–238 (2015)
Yang, Y., Zhong, C., Sun, Y., Yang, J.: Network coding based reliable disjoint and braided multipath routing for sensor networks. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 33(4), 422–432 (2010)
Sohrabi, K., Gao, J., Ailawadhi, V., Pottie, G.J.: Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network. IEEE Pers. Commun. 7(5), 16–27 (2000)
He, T., Stankovic, J.A., Lu, C., Abdelzaher, T.: Speed: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks. Virginia Univ. Tech. Rep, Charlottesville Dept of Computer Science (2003)
Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A., Broch, J., et al.: Dsr: the dynamic source routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw. 5(1), 139–172 (2001)
Perkins, C.E., Royer, E.M.: Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In: Proceedings WMCSA’99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 90–100. IEEE (1999)
Marina, M.K., Das, S.R.: On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols. ICNP 2001, pp. 14–23. IEEE (2001)
Kreutz, D., Ramos, F., Verissimo, P., Rothenberg, C.E., Azodolmolky, S., Uhlig, S.: Software-defined networking: a comprehensive survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.0440 (2014)
Quang, P.T.A., Piamrat, K., Singh, K.D., Viho, C.: Video streaming over ad hoc networks: a QoE-based optimal routing solution. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 66(2), 1533–1546 (2017)
Passos, D., Albuquerque, C.: AFTER: algorithmic framework for throughput EstimatoRs for IEEE 802.11 networks. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 84, 143–160 (2018)
Ford, A., Raiciu, C., Handley, M., Barre, S., Iyengar, J., et al.: Architectural guidelines for multipath tcp development. IETF Inf. RFC 6182, 1721–2070 (2011)
Funding
Funding was provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (88881.310442/2018-01), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (307819/2017-5, 309886/2019-8), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2018/23062-5), and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E-26/010.002248/2019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by L. Zhou.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhering, F., Passos, D., Ochi, L.S. et al. Wireless multipath video transmission: when IoT video applications meet networking—a survey. Multimedia Systems 28, 831–850 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-021-00885-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-021-00885-4