Quality Estimation for Machine Translation with Multi-granularity Interaction | SpringerLink
Skip to main content

Quality Estimation for Machine Translation with Multi-granularity Interaction

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Machine Translation (CCMT 2020)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1328))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 373 Accesses

Abstract

Quality estimation (QE) for machine translation is the task of evaluating the translation system quality without reference translations. By using the existing translation quality estimation methods, researchers mostly focus on how to extract better features but ignore the translation oriented interaction. In this paper, we propose a QE model for machine translation that integrates multi-granularity interaction on the word and sentence level. On sthe word level, each word of the target language sentence interacts with each word of the source language sentence and yields the similarity, and the \(L_\infty \) and entropy of the similarity distribution are employed as the word-level interaction score. On the sentence level, the similarity between the source and the target language translation is calculated to indicate the overall translation quality. Finally, we combine the word-level features and the sentence-level features with different weights. We perform thorough experiments with detailed studies and analyses on the English-German dataset in the WMT19 sentence-level QE task, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method.

Supported by organization x.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
JPY 3498
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
JPY 5719
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
JPY 7149
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014)

  2. Zhang, J., Liu, S., Li, M., Zhou, M., Zong, C.: Bilingually-constrained phrase embeddings for machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistic, pp. 111–121 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zhang, J., Zong, C.: Deep neural networks in machine translation: an overview. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems, pp. 16–25 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhou, L., Zhang, J., Zong, C.: Synchronous bidirectional neural machine translation. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 7, 91–105 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.-J.: BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 311–318 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)

  7. Lample, G., Conneau, A.: Cross-lingual language model pretraining. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07291 (2019)

  8. Specia, L., Paetzold, G., Scarton, C.: Multi-level translation quality prediction with QuEst++. In: Proceedings of ACL-IJCNLP 2015 System Demonstrations, pp. 115–120 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Shah, K., Ng, R.W.M., Bougares, F., Specia, L.: Investigating continuous space language models for machine translation quality estimation. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1073–1078 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kim, H., Jung, H.-Y., Kwon, H., Lee, J.-H., Na, S.-H.: Predictor-estimator: neural quality estimation based on target word prediction for machine translation. ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resource Lang. Inf. Process. (TALLIP) 17, 1–22 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kim, H., Lee, J.-H.: Recurrent neural network based translation quality estimation. In: Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2, Shared Task Papers, pp. 787–792 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kim, H., Lee, J.-H., Na, S.-H.: Predictor-estimator using multilevel task learning with stack propagation for neural quality estimation. In: Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation, pp. 562–568 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Li, M., Xiang, Q., Chen, Z., Wang, M.: A unified neural network for quality estimation of machine translation. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. 101, 2417–2421 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fan, K., Wang, J., Li, B., Zhou, F., Chen, B., Si, L.: “Bilingual expert” can find translation errors. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 6367–6374 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 5998–6008 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Peters, M.E., et al.: Deep contextualized word representations. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.05365 (2018)

  17. Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., Sutskever, I.: Improving language understanding by generative pre-training (2018). https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/openai-assets/researchcovers/languageunsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf

  18. Lu, J., Zhang, J.: Quality estimation based on multilingual pre-trained language model. J. Xiamen Univ. Nat. Sci. 59(2) (2020). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kepler, F., et al.: Unbabel’s participation in the WMT19 translation quality estimation shared task. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 3: Shared Task Papers, Day 2), pp. 78–84 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Zhou, J., Zhang, Z., Hu, Z.: SOURCE: SOURce-conditional elmo-style model for machine translation quality estimation. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 3: Shared Task Papers, Day 2), pp. 106–111 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hou, Q., Huang, S., Ning, T., Dai, X., Chen, J.: NJU submissions for the WMT19 quality estimation shared task. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 3: Shared Task Papers, Day 2), pp. 95–100 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, H., Lim, J.-H., Kim, H.-K., Na, S.-H.: QE BERT: bilingual BERT using multi-task learning for neural quality estimation. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 3: Shared Task Papers, Day 2), pp. 85–89 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research work has been funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. U1836221 and 61673380. The research work in this paper has also been supported by Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Language Resources and Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI2019QN0504).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ke Tian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Tian, K., Zhang, J. (2020). Quality Estimation for Machine Translation with Multi-granularity Interaction. In: Li, J., Way, A. (eds) Machine Translation. CCMT 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1328. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6162-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6162-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-33-6161-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-33-6162-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics