Abstract
In this tutorial, we give a brief introduction to the field of tile-based algorithmic self-assembly. We begin with a description of Winfree’s abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) and a few basic exercises in designing tile assembly systems. We then survey a series of results in the aTAM. Next, we introduce the more experimentally realistic kinetic Tile Assembly Model (kTAM) and provide an exercise in error correction within the kTAM, then an overview of kTAM results. We next introduce the 2-Handed Assembly Model (2HAM), which allows entire assemblies to combine with each other in pairs, along with an exercise in developing a 2HAM system, and then give overviews of a series of 2HAM results. Finally, we briefly introduce a wide array of more recently developed models and discuss their various tradeoffs in comparison to the aTAM and each other.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel, Z., Benbernou, N., Damian, M., Demaine, E., Demaine, M., Flatland, R., Kominers, S., Schweller, R.: Shape replication through self-assembly and RNase enzymes. In: SODA 2010: Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Austin, Texas. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2010)
Adleman, L., Cheng, Q., Goel, A., Huang, M.-D.: Running time and program size for self-assembled squares. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, Hersonissos, Greece, pp. 740–748 (2001)
Adleman, L.M., Cheng, Q., Goel, A., Huang, M.-D.A., Kempe, D., de Espanés, P.M., Rothemund, P.W.K.: Combinatorial optimization problems in self-assembly. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 23–32 (2002)
Aggarwal, G., Goldwasser, M.H., Kao, M.-Y., Schweller, R.T.: Complexities for generalized models of self-assembly. In: Proceedings of ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (2004)
Becker, F., Rapaport, I., Rémila, É.: Self-assemblying Classes of Shapes with a Minimum Number of Tiles, and in Optimal Time. In: Arun-Kumar, S., Garg, N. (eds.) FSTTCS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4337, pp. 45–56. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Cannon, S., Demaine, E.D., Demaine, M.L., Eisenstat, S., Patitz, M.J., Schweller, R., Summers, S.M., Winslow, A.: Two hands are better than one (up to constant factors). Tech. Report 1201.1650, Computing Research Repository (2012)
Chen, H.-L., Doty, D.: Parallelism and time in hierarchical self-assembly. In: SODA 2012: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 1163–1182. SIAM (2012)
Chen, H.-L., Goel, A.: Error free self-assembly using error prone tiles. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Meeting on DNA Based Computers, pp. 274–283 (2004)
Chen, H.-L., Kao, M.-Y.: Optimizing Tile Concentrations to Minimize Errors and Time for DNA Tile Self-assembly Systems. In: Sakakibara, Y., Mi, Y. (eds.) DNA16. LNCS, vol. 6518, pp. 13–24. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Chen, H.-L., Schulman, R., Goel, A., Winfree, E.: Reducing facet nucleation during algorithmic self-assembly. Nano Letters 7(9), 2913–2919 (2007)
Cheng, Q., Aggarwal, G., Goldwasser, M.H., Kao, M.-Y., Schweller, R.T., de Espanés, P.M.: Complexities for generalized models of self-assembly. SIAM Journal on Computing 34, 1493–1515 (2005)
Cook, M., Fu, Y., Schweller, R.T.: Temperature 1 self-assembly: Deterministic assembly in 3D and probabilistic assembly in 2D. In: SODA 2011: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SIAM (2011)
Demaine, E.D., Demaine, M.L., Fekete, S.P., Ishaque, M., Rafalin, E., Schweller, R.T., Souvaine, D.L.: Staged self-assembly: nanomanufacture of arbitrary shapes with O(1) glues. Natural Computing 7(3), 347–370 (2008)
Demaine, E.D., Patitz, M.J., Schweller, R.T., Summers, S.M.: Self-assembly of arbitrary shapes using rnase enzymes: Meeting the kolmogorov bound with small scale factor (extended abstract). In: Schwentick, T., Christoph, D. (eds.) STACS. LIPIcs, vol. 9, pp. 201–212. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2011)
Doty, D.: Randomized self-assembly for exact shapes. SIAM Journal on Computing 39(8), 3521–3552 (2010)
Doty, D., Kari, L., Masson, B.: Negative Interactions in Irreversible Self-assembly. Algorithmica (to appear); In: Sakakibara, Y., Mi, Y. (eds.) DNA16. LNCS, vol. 6518, pp. 37–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Doty, D., Lutz, J.H., Patitz, M.J., Schweller, R.T., Summers, S.M., Woods, D.: The tile assembly model is intrinsically universal. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS 2012 (to appear, 2012)
Doty, D., Patitz, M.J., Summers, S.M.: Limitations of self-assembly at temperature 1. Theoretical Computer Science 412, 145–158 (2011)
Fu, B., Patitz, M.J., Schweller, R.T., Sheline, R.: Self-assembly with Geometric Tiles. In: Czumaj, A., Mehlhorn, K., Pitts, A., Wattenhofer, R. (eds.) ICALP 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7391, pp. 714–725. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Fujibayashi, K., Zhang, D.Y., Winfree, E., Murata, S.: Error suppression mechanisms for dna tile self-assembly and their simulation. Natural Computing: an International Journal 8(3), 589–612 (2009)
Göös, M., Orponen, P.: Synthesizing Minimal Tile Sets for Patterned DNA Self-assembly. In: Sakakibara, Y., Mi, Y. (eds.) DNA16. LNCS, vol. 6518, pp. 71–82. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Jang, B., Kim, Y.-B., Lombardi, F.: Error tolerance of dna self-assembly by monomer concentration control. In: IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, pp. 89–97 (2006)
Kao, M.-Y., Schweller, R.T.: Randomized Self-assembly for Approximate Shapes. In: Aceto, L., Damgård, I., Goldberg, L.A., Halldórsson, M.M., Ingólfsdóttir, A., Walukiewicz, I. (eds.) ICALP 2008, Part I. LNCS, vol. 5125, pp. 370–384. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Kautz, S.M., Shutters, B.: Self-assembling Rulers for Approximating Generalized Sierpinski Carpets. In: Fu, B., Du, D.-Z. (eds.) COCOON 2011. LNCS, vol. 6842, pp. 284–296. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Lathrop, J.I., Lutz, J.H., Patitz, M.J., Summers, S.M.: Computability and complexity in self-assembly. Theory Comput. Syst. 48(3), 617–647 (2011)
Lathrop, J.I., Lutz, J.H., Summers, S.M.: Strict self-assembly of discrete Sierpinski triangles. Theoretical Computer Science 410, 384–405 (2009)
Lempiäinen, T., Czeizler, E., Orponen, P.: Synthesizing Small and Reliable Tile Sets for Patterned DNA Self-assembly. In: Cardelli, L., Shih, W. (eds.) DNA17. LNCS, vol. 6937, pp. 145–159. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Lutz, J.H., Shutters, B.: Approximate self-assembly of the sierpinski triangle. Theory Comput. Syst. 51(3), 372–400 (2012)
Ma, X., Lombardi, F.: Synthesis of tile sets for dna self-assembly. IEEE Trans. on CAD of Integrated Circuits and Systems 27(5), 963–967 (2008)
Majumder, U., LaBean, T.H., Reif, J.H.: Activatable Tiles: Compact, Robust Programmable Assembly and Other Applications. In: Garzon, M.H., Yan, H. (eds.) DNA17. LNCS, vol. 4848, pp. 15–25. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Padilla, J.E., Patitz, M.J., Pena, R., Schweller, R.T., Seeman, N.C., Sheline, R., Summers, S.M., Zhong, X.: Asynchronous signal passing for tile self-assembly: Fuel efficient computation and efficient assembly of shapes. Tech. Report 1202.5012, Computing Research Repository (2012)
Patitz, M.J.: Simulation of self-assembly in the abstract tile assembly model with ISU TAS. In: 6th Annual Conference on Foundations of Nanoscience: Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices, Snowbird, Utah, USA, April 20-24 (2009)
Patitz, M.J., Schweller, R.T., Summers, S.M.: Exact Shapes and Turing Universality at Temperature 1 with a Single Negative Glue. In: Cardelli, L., Shih, W. (eds.) DNA17. LNCS, vol. 6937, pp. 175–189. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Patitz, M.J., Summers, S.M.: Self-assembly of discrete self-similar fractals. Natural Computing 1, 135–172 (2010)
Patitz, M.J., Summers, S.M.: Self-assembly of decidable sets. Natural Computing 10(2), 853–877 (2011)
Reif, J.H., Sahu, S., Yin, P.: Complexity of Graph Self-assembly in Accretive Systems and Self-destructible Systems. In: Carbone, A., Pierce, N.A. (eds.) DNA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3892, pp. 257–274. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Rothemund, P.W.K.: Theory and experiments in algorithmic self-assembly. Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California (December 2001)
Rothemund, P.W.K., Winfree, E.: The program-size complexity of self-assembled squares (extended abstract). In: STOC 2000: Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, Portland, Oregon, United States, pp. 459–468. ACM (2000)
Seeman, N.C.: Nucleic-acid junctions and lattices. Journal of Theoretical Biology 99, 237–247 (1982)
Soloveichik, D., Cook, M., Winfree, E.: Combining self-healing and proofreading in self-assembly. Natural Computing 7(2), 203–218 (2008)
Soloveichik, D., Winfree, E.: Complexity of self-assembled shapes. SIAM Journal on Computing 36(6), 1544–1569 (2007)
Summers, S.M.: Reducing tile complexity for the self-assembly of scaled shapes through temperature programming. Algorithmica 63(1-2), 117–136 (2012)
Wang, H.: Dominoes and the AEA case of the decision problem. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Automata (New York, 1962), pp. 23–55. Polytechnic Press of Polytechnic Inst. of Brooklyn, Brooklyn (1963)
Winfree, E.: Algorithmic self-assembly of DNA. Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology (June 1998)
Winfree, E.: Self-healing tile sets. In: Chen, J., Jonoska, N., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Nanotechnology: Science and Computation. Natural Computing Series, pp. 55–78. Springer (2006)
Winfree, E., Bekbolatov, R.: Proofreading Tile Sets: Error Correction for Algorithmic Self-assembly. In: Chen, J., Reif, J.H. (eds.) DNA 2003. LNCS, vol. 2943, pp. 126–144. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Patitz, M.J. (2012). An Introduction to Tile-Based Self-assembly. In: Durand-Lose, J., Jonoska, N. (eds) Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation. UCNC 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7445. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32894-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32894-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32893-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32894-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)