Abstract
We discuss the modeling and verification of real-time systems using the SAL model checker. A new modeling framework based on event calendars enables dense timed systems to be described without relying on continuously varying clocks. We present verification techniques that rely on induction and abstraction, and show how these techniques are efficiently supported by the SAL symbolic model-checking tools. The modeling and verification method is applied to the fault-tolerant real-time startup protocol used in the Timed Triggered Architecture.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bensalem, S., Ganesh, V., Lakhnech, Y., Muñoz, C., Owre, S., Rueß, H., Rushby, J., Rusu, V., Saïdi, H., Shankar, N., Singerman, E., Tiwari, A.: An overview of SAL. In: Fifth NASA Langley Formal Methods Workshop, NASA Langley Research Center, pp. 187–196 (2000)
de Moura, L., Owre, S., Rueß, H., Rushby, J., Shankar, N., Sorea, M., Tiwari, A.: Tool presentation: SAL 2. In: Alur, R., Peled, D.A. (eds.) CAV 2004. LNCS, vol. 3114, Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Rushby, J.: Verification diagrams revisited: Disjunctive invariants for easy verification. In: Emerson, E.A., Sistla, A.P. (eds.) CAV 2000. LNCS, vol. 1855, pp. 508–520. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Steiner, W., Paulitsch, M.: The transition from asynchronous to synchronous system operation: An approach for distributed fault- tolerant systems. In: The 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, ICDCS 2002 (2002)
Larsen, K.G., Pettersson, P., Yi, W.: Uppaal: Status and developments. In: Grumberg, O. (ed.) CAV 1997. LNCS, vol. 1254, pp. 456–459. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Bozga, M., Daws, C., Maler, O., Olivero, A., Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: A modelchecking tool for real-time systems. In: Y. Vardi, M. (ed.) CAV 1998. LNCS, vol. 1427, pp. 546–550. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Wang, F.: Efficient verification of timed automata with BDD-like data-structures. In: Zuck, L.D., Attie, P.C., Cortesi, A., Mukhopadhyay, S. (eds.) VMCAI 2003. LNCS, vol. 2575, pp. 189–205. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Beyer, D., Lewerentz, C., Noack, A.: Rabbit: A tool for BDD-based verification of real-time systems. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 122–125. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Kaynar, D., Lynch, N., Segala, R., Vaandrager, F.: Timed I/O automata: A mathematical framework for modeling and analyzing real-time systems. In: Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2003), pp. 166–177. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2003)
Chaochen, Z., Hansen, M.R.: Duration Calculus: A Formal Approach to Real-Time Systems. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Skakkebæk, J.U., Shankar, N.: Towards a duration calculus proof assistant in PVS. In: Langmaack, H., de Roever, W.-P., Vytopil, J. (eds.) FTRTFT 1994 and ProCoS 1994. LNCS, vol. 863, Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Archer, M., Heitmeyer, C.: Mechanical verification of timed automata: A case study. Technical Report NRL/MR/5546-98-8180, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC (1998)
Filliâtre, J.C., Owre, S., Rueß, H., Shankar, N.: ICS: Integrated canonizer and solver. In: Berry, G., Comon, H., Finkel, A. (eds.) CAV 2001. LNCS, vol. 2102, pp. 246–249. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
de Moura, L., Rueß, H.: Lemmas on demand for satisfiability solvers. In: Fifth International Symposium on the Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (2002)
de Moura, L., Rueß, H., Sorea, M.: Bounded model checking and induction: From refutation to verification. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 14–26. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Alur, R., Dill, D.L.: A theory of timed automata. Theoretical Computer Science 126, 183–235 (1994)
Henzinger, T.A., Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. Information and Computation 112, 273–337 (1994)
Lynch, N., Vaandrager, F.: Forward and backward simulations for timing-based systems. In: Huizing, C., de Bakker, J.W., Rozenberg, G., de Roever, W.-P. (eds.) REX 1991. LNCS, vol. 600, pp. 397–446. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)
Dutertre, B., Sorea, M.: Timed systems in SAL. Technical report, SRI-SDL-04-03, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (2004)
Sorea, M.: Bounded model checking for timed automata. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 68 (2002), http://www.elsevier.com/locate/entcs/volume68.html
Steiner, W., Rushby, J., Sorea, M., Pfeifer, H.: Model checking a fault-tolerant startup algorithm: From design exploration to exhaustive fault simulation. In: DSN 2004 (2004)
Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: Temporal verification diagrams. In: Hagiya, M., Mitchell, J.C. (eds.) TACS 1994. LNCS, vol. 789, pp. 726–765. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Yokogawa, T., Tsuchiya, T., Kikuno, T.: Automatic verification of fault tolerance using model checking. In: 2001 Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, Seoul, Korea (2001)
Bernardeschi, C., Fantechi, A., Gnesi, S.: Model checking fault tolerant systems. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability 12, 251–275 (2002)
Lönn, H., Pettersson, P.: Formal verification of a TDMA protocol start-up mechanism. In: Pacific Rim International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Systems (PRFTS 1997), pp. 235–242. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (1997)
Larsen, K.G., Pettersson, P., Yi, W.: Uppaal in a nutshell. Int. Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 1, 134–152 (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dutertre, B., Sorea, M. (2004). Modeling and Verification of a Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Startup Protocol Using Calendar Automata. In: Lakhnech, Y., Yovine, S. (eds) Formal Techniques, Modelling and Analysis of Timed and Fault-Tolerant Systems. FTRTFT FORMATS 2004 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3253. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30206-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30206-3_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23167-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30206-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive