Abstract
The problem of interpreting Natural Language (NL) discourse is generally of exponential complexity. However, since interactions with users must be conducted in real time, an exhaustive search is not a practical option. In this paper, we present an anytime algorithm that generates ”good enough” interpretations of probabilistic NL arguments in the context of a Bayesian network (BN). These interpretations consist of: BN nodes that match the sentences in a given argument, assumptions that justify the beliefs in the argument, and a reasoning structure that adds detail to the argument. We evaluated our algorithm using automatically generated arguments and hand-generated arguments. In both cases, our algorithm generated good interpretations (and often the best interpretation) in real time.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dean, T., Boddy, M.S.: An analysis of time-dependent planning. In: AAAI 1988 – Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 49–54. St. Paul, Minnesota (1988)
Horvitz, E., Suermondt, H., Cooper, G.: Bounded conditioning: flexible inference for decision under scarce resources. In: UAI 1989 – Proceedings of the 1989 Workshop on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Windsor, Canada, pp. 182–193 (1989)
Pearl, J.: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems. Morgan Kaufmann Pub., San Mateo (1988)
Raskutti, B., Zukerman, I.: Generation and selection of likely interpretations during plan recognition. User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 1, 323–353 (1991)
Carberry, S., Lambert, L.: A process model for recognizing communicative acts and modeling negotiation subdialogues. Computational Linguistics 25, 1–53 (1999)
Zilberstein, S., Russell, S.: Approximate reasoning using anytime algorithms. In: Natarajan, S. (ed.) Imprecise and Approximate Computation, pp. 43–62. Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht (1995)
Haenni, R.: Anytime argumentative and abductive reasoning. Soft Computing Journal 8 (2003)
Jokinen, K., Wilcock, G.: Confidence-based adaptivity in response generation for a spoken dialogue system. In: Proceedings of the Second SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, Aalborg, Denmark (2001)
Fischer, J., Haas, J., Nöth, E., Niemann, H., Deinzer, F.: Empowering knowledge based speech understanding through statistics. In: ICSLP 1998 – Proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Sydney, Australia, vol. 5, pp. 2231–2235 (1998)
Salton, G., McGill, M.: An Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval. McGraw-Hill, New York (1983)
Zukerman, I., George, S., Wen, Y.: Lexical paraphrasing for document retrieval and node identification. In: IWP 2003 – Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Paraphrasing: Paraphrase Acquisition and Applications, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 94–101 (2003)
Zukerman, I., George, S.: A probabilistic approach for argument interpretation. To appear in User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Special Issue on Language-Based Interaction: User Modeling and Adaptation (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
George, S., Zukerman, I., Niemann, M. (2004). An Anytime Algorithm for Interpreting Arguments. In: Zhang, C., W. Guesgen, H., Yeap, WK. (eds) PRICAI 2004: Trends in Artificial Intelligence. PRICAI 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3157. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28633-2_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28633-2_34
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22817-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28633-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive