Abstract
Rubber latex concentrate is a popular raw material widely used for making many common household and industrial products. As its quality is not consistent due to either, the source, weather, storage time, etc. there is a need to be able to measure its quality. A common measure of its quality is the mechanical stability, which is defined as the time at the first onset of flocculation when the latex is subjected to physical stress. Currently, the assessment is performed manually by trained personnel, closely adhering to the specifications defined by the ISO 35 standard mechanical stability test that is widely adopted by the rubber industry. Nevertheless, there is some level of subjectivity involved as the test heavily depends on the human eyesight as well as the technician’s experience. In this paper, we proposed a new feature set for a computer vision-based mechanical stability classification system that is based on the current standard test. We investigated this with several features as well as a new feature set that is based on the particle size. These were classified with a feedforward neural network. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system was able to provide good classification accuracies for this two-class MST problem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others

References
Malaysian Investment Development Authority. http://www.mida.gov.my/env3/index.php?page=rubber-based-industries
Official Website of the Malaysian Rubber Export Promotion Council. http://www.mrepc.com/industry/industry.php
Dawson, H.G.: Mechanical stability test for Hevea Latex. Anal. Chem. 21(9), 1068–1071 (1949)
Maron, S.H., Ulebitch, I.N.: Mechanical stability test for rubber latices. Anal. Chem. 25(7), 1087–1091 (1953)
Akmal, M.K., Othman, A., Mansor, M.N.: Invention of RRIM MST tester for quantitative method of mechanical stability time (MST) of natural rubber latex concentrates. In: Proceedings of the Plastics and Rubber Institute Malaysia (PRIM) Annual Polymer Technology Seminar 2013 (2013)
Amran, M.K.A., Mansor, M.N., Othman, A.: Method of quantitative measurement of mechanical stability time (MST) of latex suspensions and the apparatus for use in the method. In: International Patent WO 2012158015 A1 (2012)
Andersson, T.: Estimating particle size distributions based on machine vision. Doctoral thesis, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden (2010)
Muller, B.W., Muller, R.H.: Particle size analysis of latex suspensions and microemulsions by photon correlation spectroscopy. J. Pharm. Sci. 73(7), 915–918 (1984)
Vega, J.R., Gugliotta, L.M., Gonzalez, V.D.G., Meira, G.R.: Latex particle size distribution by dynamic light scattering: novel data processing for Multiangle Measurements. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 261(1), 74–81 (2003)
Etzler, F.M., Sanderson, M.S.: Particle size analysis: a comparative study of various methods. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 12(5), 217–224 (1995)
Monnier, O., Klein, J.P., Ratsimba, B., Hoff, C.: Particle size determination by laser reflection: methodology and problems. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 13(1), 10–17 (1996)
Mora, C.F., Kwan, A.K.H., Chan, H.C.: Particle size distribution analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing. Cem. Concr. Res. 28(6), 921–932 (1998)
Kwan, A.K.H., Mora, C.F., Chan, H.C.: Particle shape analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing. Cem. Concr. Res. 29(9), 1403–1410 (1999)
Bareto, H.P., Vcillalobos, I.R.T., Magdeleno, J.J.R., Navarro, A.M.H., Hernandez, L.A.M., Guerro, F.M.: Automatic grain size determination in microstructures using image prepocessing. Measurement 46, 249–258 (2013)
Segreto, T., Simeone, A., Teti, R.: Principal component analysis for feature extraction and NN pattern recognition in sensor monitoring of chip form during turning. CIRP J. Manufact. Sci. Technol. 7(3), 202–209 (2014)
Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 3(1), 71–86 (1991)
Mahendran, M., Jayavathi, S.D.: Compression of hyperspectral images using PCA with lifting transform. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Engineering Trends and Science (ICEETS 2016), pp 68–73 (2016)
Lim, S., Sohn, K., Lee, C.: Principal component analysis for compression of hyperspectral images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, (IGARSS 2001), Sydney, Australia, pp 97–99 (2001)
Mikolajczyk, K., Schmid, C.: A performance evaluation of local descriptors. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(10), 1615–1630 (2005)
Lowe, D.G.: Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Kerkyra, pp. 1150–1157 (1999)
Zabidi, A., Khuan, L.Y., Mansor, W., Yassin, I.M., Sahak, R.: Classification of infant cries with asphyxia using multilayer perceptron neural network. Proc. Second Int. Conf. Comput. Eng. Appl. 1, 204–208 (2010)
Catalan, J.A., Jin, J.S., Gedeon, T.D.: Reducing the dimensions of texture features for image retrieval using multi-layer neural networks. J. Pattern Anal. Appl. 2(2), 196–203 (1999)
Brown, W, Gedeon, T.D., Barnes, R.: The use of a multilayer feedforward neural network for mineral prospectivity mapping. In: Proceedings 6th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 1999), Perth, pp. 160–165 (1999)
Sharma, N., Gedeon, T.: Artificial neural network classification models for stress in reading. In: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Neural Information Processing 2012 (ICONIP 2012), pp. 388–395 (2012)
Ali, R., Jiang, B., Man, M., Hussain, A., Luo, B.: Classification of fish ectoparasite genus gyrodactylus SEM images using ASM and complex network model. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Neural Information Processing 2014 (ICONIP 2014), pp. 103–110 (2014)
Sharda, R., Delen, D.: Predicting box-office success of motion pictures with neural networks. Expert Syst. Appl. 30(2), 243–254 (2006)
Eftekharian, E., Khatami, A., Khosravi, A., Nahavandi, S.: Data mining analysis of an urban tunnel pressure drop based on CFD data. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing 2015 (ICONIP 2015), pp. 128–135 (2015)
Azcarraga, A., Talavera, A., Azcarraga, J.: Gender-specific classifiers in phoneme recognition and academic emotion detection. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Neural Information Processing 2016 (ICONIP 2016), pp 497–504 (2016)
Rosenblatt, F.: The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psychol. Rev. 65(6), 386–408 (1958)
Rosenblatt, F.: Principles of neurodynamics: perceptrons and the theory of brain mechanisms. In: Spartan Books, Washington DC (1961)
Russell, S.J., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd (edn.). Pearson Education Inc., London (2010)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Ming Chieng TAN for her assistance in collecting the rubber latex MST images as well as Jaya Kumar Veellu, Chief Chemist of Sime Darby R&D for giving us access to the rubber latex testing facility. The work reported here was partially funded by the Malaysian Ministry of Education’s (MOE) Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2014/TK04/TARUC/02/1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lai, W.K., Chan, K.S., Chan, C.S., Goh, K.M., Wong, J.K.R. (2017). Feature Extraction for the Identification of Two-Class Mechanical Stability Test of Natural Rubber Latex. In: Liu, D., Xie, S., Li, Y., Zhao, D., El-Alfy, ES. (eds) Neural Information Processing. ICONIP 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10637. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70093-9_54
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70093-9_54
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70092-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70093-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)