Using Models at Runtime to Address Assurance for Self-Adaptive Systems | SpringerLink
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Using Models at Runtime to Address Assurance for Self-Adaptive Systems

  • Chapter
Models@run.time

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 8378))

Abstract

A self-adaptive software system modifies its behavior at runtime in response to changes within the system or in its execution environment. The fulfillment of the system requirements needs to be guaranteed even in the presence of adverse conditions and adaptations. Thus, a key challenge for self-adaptive software systems is assurance. Traditionally, confidence in the correctness of a system is gained through a variety of activities and processes performed at development time, such as design analysis and testing. In the presence of self-adaptation, however, some of the assurance tasks may need to be performed at runtime. This need calls for the development of techniques that enable continuous assurance throughout the software life cycle. Fundamental to the development of runtime assurance techniques is research into the use of models at runtime (M@RT). This chapter explores the state of the art for using M@RT to address the assurance of self-adaptive software systems. It defines what information can be captured by M@RT, specifically for the purpose of assurance, and puts this definition into the context of existing work. We then outline key research challenges for assurance at runtime and characterize assurance methods. The chapter concludes with an exploration of selected application areas where M@RT could provide significant benefits beyond existing assurance techniques for adaptive systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
JPY 3498
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
JPY 5719
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
JPY 7149
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrial, J.-R., Butler, M., Hallerstede, S., Hoang, T.S., Mehta, F., Voisin, L.: Rodin: An open toolset for modelling and reasoning in Event-B. Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) 12(6), 447–466 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Abrial, J.R.: The B Tool. In: Bloomfield, R.E., Marshall, L.S., Jones, R.B. (eds.) VDM 1988 VDM — The Way Ahead. LNCS, vol. 328, pp. 86–87. Springer, Heidelberg (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Accelera. Property Specification Language Reference Manual, Version 1.1 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Autili, M., Cortellessa, V., Di Ruscio, D., Inverardi, P., Pelliccione, P., Tivoli, M.: Eagle: Engineering software in the ubiquitous globe by leveraging uncertainty. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and 13th European Conference on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2011), pp. 488–491 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Autili, M., Inverardi, P., Pelliccione, P.: Graphical scenarios for specifying temporal properties: An automated approach. Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2007) 14, 293–340 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Aissi, S.: Runtime environment security models. Intel Technology Journal 7(1), 60–67 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Avizienis, A., Laprie, J.-C., Randell, B., Landwehr, C.: Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) 1(1), 11–33 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Angelopoulos, K., Silva Souza, V.E., Pimentel, J.A.: Requirements and architectural approaches to adaptive software systems: A comparative study. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2013), pp. 23–32 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Abrial, J.-R., Schuman, S.A., Meyer, B.: A specification language. In: McNaughten, R., McKeag, R.C. (eds.) On the Construction of Programs, pp. 343–406. Cambridge University Press (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Aström, K.J., Wittenmark, B.: Adaptive Control, 2nd edn. Addison-Wesley (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Abeywickrama, D.B., Zambonelli, F.: Model checking goal-oriented requirements for self-adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS 2012), pp. 33–42 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ben-Ari, M., Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: The temporal logic of branching time. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 1981), pp. 164–176 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Blair, G., Bencomo, N., France, R.B.: Models@run.time. IEEE Computer 42, 22–27 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Becker, B., Beyer, D., Giese, H., Klein, F., Schilling, D.: Symbolic invariant verification for systems with dynamic structural adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2006), pp. 72–81 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Blair, G., Coulson, G., Davies, N.: Adaptive middleware for mobile multimedia applications. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV 1997), pp. 259–273 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bailey, C., Chadwick, D.W., de Lemos, R.: Self-adaptive authorization framework for policy based RBAC/ABAC models. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC 2011), pp. 37–44 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Balasubramanian, S., Desmarais, R., Müller, H.A., Stege, U., Venkatesh, S.: Characterizing problems for realizing policies in self-adaptive and self-managing systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2011), pp. 70–79 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Berry, D.M.: Ambiguity in natural language requirements documents. In: Martell, C. (ed.) Monterey Workshop 2007. LNCS, vol. 5320, pp. 1–7. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Baresi, L., Ghezzi, C.: The disappearing boundary between development-time and run-time. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Future of Software Engineering Research (FoSER 2010), pp. 17–22. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Baresi, L., Heckel, R., Thöne, S., Varró, D.: Style-based modeling and refinement of service-oriented architectures. Software and System Modeling 5(2), 187–207 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bjorner, D., Jones, C.B. (eds.): The Vienna Development Method: The Meta-Language. LNCS, vol. 61. Springer, Heidelberg (1978)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Bauer, A., Jürjens, J., Yu, Y.: Run-time security traceability for evolving systems. Computer Journal 54(1), 58–87 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Barbacci, M., Klein, M.H., Longstaff, T.A., Weinstock, C.B.: Quality attributes. Technical Report CMU/SEI-95-TR-021, CMU/SEI (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Barna, C., Litoiu, M., Ghanbari, H.: Autonomic load-testing framework. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2011), pp. 91–100 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bormann, J., Lohse, J., Payer, M., Venzl, G.: Model checking in industrial hardware design. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE Conference on Design automation (DAC 1995), pp. 298–303 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Baresi, L., Pasquale, L., Spoletini, P.: Fuzzy goals for requirements-driven adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2010), pp. 125–134 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bucchiarone, A., Pelliccione, P., Vattani, C., Runge, O.: Self-repairing systems modeling and verification using AGG. In: Proceedings of the Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture 2009 & European Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA/ECSA 2009), pp. 181–190 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Brun, Y., et al.: Engineering self-adaptive systems through feedback loops. In: Cheng, B.H.C., de Lemos, R., Giese, H., Inverardi, P., Magee, J. (eds.) Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems. LNCS, vol. 5525, pp. 48–70. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Bencomo, N., Whittle, J., Sawyer, P., Finkelstein, A., Letier, E.: Requirements reflection: Requirements as runtime entities. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2010), pp. 199–202 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cámara, J., de Lemos, R.: Evaluation of resilience in self-adaptive systems using probabilistic model-checking. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2012), pp. 53–62 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gupta, M., Rao, R.S., Pande, A., Tripathi, A.K.: Design and synthesis of synchronization skeletons using branching time temporal logic. In: Meghanathan, N., Kaushik, B.K., Nagamalai, D. (eds.) CCSIT 2011, Part I. CCIS, vol. 131, pp. 318–328. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Calinescu, R., Grunske, L., Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Mirandola, R., Tamburrelli, G.: Dynamic QoS management and optimization in service-based systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) 37(3), 387–409 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.A.: Model checking. MIT Press (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Chandra, S., Godefroid, P., Palm, C.: Software model checking in practice: An industrial case study. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2002), pp. 431–441 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cho, S.M., Hong, H.S., Cha, S.D.: Safety analysis using coloured Petri nets. In: Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC 1996), pp. 176–193 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Clements, P.C.: A survey of architecture description languages. In: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Workshop on Software Specification and Design (IWSSD 1996), pp. 16–26 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Chantree, F., Nuseibeh, B., de Roeck, A., Willis, A.: Identifying nocuous ambiguities in natural language requirements. In: Proceedings of 14th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2006), pp. 59–68 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Chung, L., do Prado Leite, J.C.S.: On non-functional requirements in software engineering. In: Borgida, A.T., Chaudhri, V.K., Giorgini, P., Yu, E.S. (eds.) Conceptual Modeling: Foundations and Applications. LNCS, vol. Conceptual Modeling: Foundations and Applications, pp. 363–379. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. Cheng, B.H.C., Sawyer, P., Bencomo, N., Whittle, J.: A goal-based modeling approach to develop requirements of an adaptive system with environmental uncertainty. In: Schürr, A., Selic, B. (eds.) MODELS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5795, pp. 468–483. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  40. Castañeda, L., Villegas, N.M., Müller, H.A.: Self-adaptive applications: On the development of personalized web-tasking systems. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS 2014 (in press, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Dahm, W.J.A.: Technology Horizons a Vision for Air Force Science & Technology During 2010-2030. Technical report, U.S. Air Force (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Dawson, D., Desmarais, R., Kienle, H.M., Muller, H.A.: Monitoring in adaptive systems using reflection. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2008), pp. 81–88 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Di Marco, A., Inverardi, P., Spalazzese, R.: Synthesizing self-adaptive connectors meeting functional and performance concerns. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2013), pp. 133–142 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ehrig, H., Ermel, C., Runge, O., Bucchiarone, A., Pelliccione, P.: Formal analysis and verification of self-healing systems. In: Rosenblum, D.S., Taentzer, G. (eds.) FASE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6013, pp. 139–153. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Epifani, I., Ghezzi, C., Mirandola, R., Tamburrelli, G.: Model evolution by run-time parameter adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2009), pp. 111–121 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Esfahani, N., Kouroshfar, E., Malek, S.: Taming uncertainty in self-adaptive software. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and the 13th European Conference on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2011), pp. 234–244 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Esfahani, N., Malek, S.: Uncertainty in self-adaptive software systems. In: de Lemos, R., Giese, H., Müller, H.A., Shaw, M. (eds.) Self-Adaptive Systems. LNCS, vol. 7475, pp. 214–238. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fraser, G., Arcuri, A.: Evosuite: Automatic test suite generation for object-oriented software. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and the 13th European Conference on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2011), pp. 416–419 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Fleury, F., Dehlen, V., Bencomo, N., Morin, B., Jezequel, J.M.: Modeling and validating dynamic adaptation. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Models@RunTime (M@RT 2008), pp. 97–108 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Fredericks, E.M., Devries, B., Cheng, B.H.C.: AutoRELAX: Automatically RELAXing a goal model to address uncertainty. Empirical Software Engineering (in press, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fredericks, E.M., Devries, B., Cheng, B.H.C.: Towards run-time adaptation of test cases for self-adaptive systems in the face of uncertainty. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS 2014 (in press, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Fickas, S., Feather, M.S.: Requirements monitoring in dynamic environments. In: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering (RE 1995), pp. 140–147 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Feather, M.S., Fickas, S., van Lamsweerde, A., Ponsard, C.: Reconciling system requirements and runtime behavior. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design (IWSSD 1998), pp. 50–59. IEEE (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Filieri, A., Ghezzi, C., Tamburrelli, G.: Run-time efficient probabilistic model checking. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2011), pp. 341–350 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Fredericks, E.M., Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Towards run-time testing of dynamic adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems (SEAMS 2013), pp. 169–174 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fredericks, E.M., Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Validating code-level behavior of dynamic adaptive systems in the face of uncertainty. In: Ruhe, G., Zhang, Y. (eds.) SSBSE 2013. LNCS, vol. 8084, pp. 81–95. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. Garlan, D., Cheng, S.-W., Huang, A.-C., Schmerl, B., Steenkiste, P.: Rainbow: Architecture-based self-adaptation with reusable infrastructure. IEEE Computer 37(10), 46–54 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Goldsby, H.J., Cheng, B.H.C., Zhang, J.: AMOEBA-RT: Run-time verification of adaptive software. In: Giese, H. (ed.) MODELS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5002, pp. 212–224. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  59. Gomaa, H., Hussein, M.: Software reconfiguration patterns for dynamic evolution of software architectures. In: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE/IFIP Working Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004), pp. 79–88 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Giese, H., Hildebrandt, S., Lambers, L.: Toward bridging the gap between formal semantics and implementation of triple graph grammars. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering, Verification, and Validation (MODEVVA 2010), pp. 19–24. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Gordon, D.F.: APT agents: Agents that are adaptive, predictable, and timely. In: Rash, J.L., Rouff, C.A., Truszkowski, W., Gordon, D.F., Hinchey, M.G. (eds.) FAABS 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1871, pp. 278–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  62. Grunske, L.: An effective sequential statistical test for probabilistic monitoring. Information & Software Technology (IST) 53(3), 190–199 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Ghanbari, H., Simmons, B., Litoiu, M., Iszlai, G.: Exploring alternative approaches to implement an elasticity policy. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD 2011), pp. 716–723 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Giese, H., Tichy, M.: Component-based hazard analysis: Optimal designs, product lines, and online-reconfiguration. In: Górski, J. (ed.) SAFECOMP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4166, pp. 156–169. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  65. Grunske, L., Zhang, P.: Monitoring probabilistic properties. In: Proceedings of the 7th Joint Meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2009), pp. 183–192 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Harel, D.: Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems. Science of Computer Programming 8(3), 231–274 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  67. Hellerstein, J.L., Diao, Y., Parekh, S., Tilbury, D.M.: Feedback Control of Computing Systems. John Wiley & Sons (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hashii, B., Malabarba, S., Pandey, R., Bishop, M.: Supporting reconfigurable security policies for mobile programs. Computer Networks 33(1-6), 77–93 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Harel, D., Thiagarajan, P.S.: Message sequence charts. UML for Real, 77–105 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  70. IBM Corporation. An architectural blueprint for autonomic computing. Technical report, IBM Corporation (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  71. IEEE. IEEE standard glossary of software engineering terminology. IEEE Std 610.12-1990 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Ivory, M.Y., Hearst, M.A.: The state of the art in automating usability evaluation of user interfaces. ACM Computer Survey 33(4), 470–516 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Inverardi, P.: Software of the future is the future of software? In: Montanari, U., Sannella, D., Bruni, R. (eds.) TGC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4661, pp. 69–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  74. Inverardi, P., Pelliccione, P., Tivoli, M.: Towards an assume-guarantee theory for adaptable systems. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2009), pp. 106–115 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Inverardi, P., Spalazzese, R., Tivoli, M.: Application-layer connector synthesis. In: Bernardo, M., Issarny, V. (eds.) SFM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6659, pp. 148–190. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  76. Jensen, K.: Coloured Petri Nets: Basic Concepts, Analysis Methods and Practical Use. EATCS Series, vol. 1. Springer (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Jonsson, B., Tsay, Y.-K.: Assumption/guarantee specifications in linear-time temporal logic. Theoretical Computer Science 167(1-2), 47–72 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  78. Kephart, J.O., Chess, D.M.: The vision of autonomic computing. IEEE Computer 36(1), 41–50 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Knight, J.C., Heimbigner, D., Wolf, A.L., Carzaniga, A., Hill, J., Devanbu, P., Gertz, M.: The Willow architecture: Comprehensive survivability for large-scale distributed applications. Technical Report CU-CS-926-01, Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Kramer, J., Magee, J.: The evolving philosophers problem: Dynamic change management. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) 16(11), 1293–1306 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Kramer, J., Magee, J.: Self-managed systems: An architectural challenge. In: Future of Software Engineering (FOSE 2007), pp. 259–268. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Lu, Y., Abdelzaher, T., Lu, C., Sha, L., Liu, X.: Feedback control with queueing-theoretic prediction for relative delay guarantees in web servers. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2003), p. 208 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Murray, R.M., Aström, K.J., Boyd, S.P., Brockett, R.W., Burns, J.A., Dahleh, M.A.: Control in an information rich world (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Maes, P.: Concepts and experiments in computational reflection. ACM SIGPLAN Notices 22(12), 147–155 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Menascé, D.A., Bennani, M.N.: On the use of performance models to design self-managing computer systems. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Computer Measurement Group Conference (CMG 2003), pp. 7–12 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Meedeniya, I., Grunske, L.: An efficient method for architecture-based reliability evaluation for evolving systems with changing parameters. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2010), pp. 229–238 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Müller, H.A., Kienle, H.M., Stege, U.: Autonomic computing: Now you see it, now you don’t—design and evolution of autonomic software systems. In: De Lucia, A., Ferrucci, F. (eds.) ISSSE 2006-2008. LNCS, vol. 5413, pp. 32–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  88. Morandini, M., Penserini, L., Perini, A.: Operational semantics of goal models in adaptive agents. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems—Volume 1 (AAMAS 2009), pp. 129–136. IFAAMAS (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Müller, H.A., Pezzè, M., Shaw, M.: Visibility of control in adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Ultra-Large-Scale Software-Intensive Systems (ULSSIS 2008). ACM (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Muñoz, J.C., Tamura, G., Villegas, N.M., Müller, H.A.: Surprise: User-controlled granular privacy and security for personal data in smartercontext. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research (CASCON 2012), pp. 128–142. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Murata, T.: Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications. Proceedings to the IEEE 77(4), 541–580 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Müller, H., Villegas, N.: Runtime evolution of highly dynamic software. In: Mens, T., Serebrenik, A., Cleve, A. (eds.) Evolving Software Systems, pp. 229–264. Springer (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Nguyen, C., Perini, A., Bernon, C., Pavón, J., Thangarajah, J.: Testing in multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE 2009), pp. 180–190 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  94. Nguyen, C., Perini, A., Tonella, P., Miles, S., Harman, M., Luck, M.: Evolutionary testing of autonomous software agents. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems—Volume 1 (AAMAS 2009), pp. 521–528. IFAAMAS (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Oreizy, P., Gorlick, M.M., Taylor, R.N., Heimbigner, D., Johnson, G., Medvidovic, N., Quilici, A., Rosenblum, D.S., Wolf, A.L.: An architecture-based approach to self-adaptive software. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 14

    Google Scholar 

  96. Ouedraogo, M., Mouratidis, H., Hecker, A., Bonhomme, C., Khadraoui, D., Dubois, E., Preston, D.: A new approach to evaluating security assurance. In: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Information Assurance and Security (IAS 2011), pp. 215–221 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  97. La Manna, V.P., Greenyer, J., Ghezzi, C., Brenner, C.: Formalizing correctness criteria of dynamic updates derived from specification changes. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2013), pp. 63–72 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Pelliccione, P., Inverardi, P., Muccini, H.: CHARMY: A framework for designing and verifying architectural specifications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) 35, 325–346 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Pnueli, A.: A temporal logic of concurrent programs. Theoretical Computer Science 13, 45–60 (1981)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  100. Peled, D., Pelliccione, P., Spoletini, P.: Model Checking. In: Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering, 6th edn., 5-Volume Set, vol. 3, pp. 1904–1920. John Wiley (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  101. Pasquale, L., Spoletini, P.: Monitoring fuzzy temporal requirements for service compositions: Motivations, challenges, and experimental results. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Systems, Services and Systems of Systems (RESS 2011), pp. 63–69. IEEE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Priesterjahn, C., Sondermann-Wölke, C., Tichy, M., Hölscher, C.: Component-based hazard analysis for mechatronic systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-oriented Real-time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2011), pp. 80–87 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  103. Priesterjahn, C., Tichy, M.: Modeling safe reconfiguration with the fujaba real-time tool suite. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Fujaba Days, pp. 20–14 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  104. Pelliccione, P., Tivoli, M., Bucchiarone, A., Polini, A.: An architectural approach to the correct and automatic assembly of evolving component-based systems. Journal of Systems Software 81, 2237–2251 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Quade, M., Blumendorf, M., Lehmann, G., Roscher, D., Albayrak, S.: Evaluating user interface adaptations at runtime by simulating user interaction. In: Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human Computer Interaction (HCI 2011), pp. 497–502 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  106. Qureshi, N.A., Jureta, I.J., Perini, A.: Requirements engineering for self-adaptive systems: Core ontology and problem statement. In: Mouratidis, H., Rolland, C. (eds.) CAiSE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6741, pp. 33–47. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  107. Qureshi, N.A., Liaskos, S., Perini, A.: Reasoning about adaptive requirements for self-adaptive systems at runtime. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Requirements@run.time (RE@run.time 2011), pp. 16–22 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  108. Qureshi, N.A., Perini, A.: Requirements engineering for adaptive service based applications. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2010), pp. 108–111 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  109. Queille, J.-P., Sifakis, J.: Specification and verification of concurrent systems in CESAR. In: Dezani-Ciancaglini, M., Montanari, U. (eds.) International Symposium on Programming 1982. LNCS, vol. 137, pp. 337–351. Springer, Heidelberg (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Adaptive monitoring of software requirements. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Requirements at Run Time (RE@RunTime 2010), pp. 41–50. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  111. Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Design patterns for developing dynamically adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managed Systems (SEAMS 2010), pp. 49–58 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  112. Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Automatic derivation of utility functions for monitoring software requirements. In: Whittle, J., Clark, T., Kühne, T. (eds.) MODELS 2011. LNCS, vol. 6981, pp. 501–516. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  113. Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C., Bencomo, N., Sawyer, P.: Relaxing claims: Coping with uncertainty while evaluating assumptions at run time. In: France, R.B., Kazmeier, J., Breu, R., Atkinson, C. (eds.) MODELS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7590, pp. 53–69. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  114. Ramirez, A.J., Cheng, B.H.C., McKinley, P.K.: Adaptive monitoring of software requirements. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Requirements@run.time (RE@run.time 2010), pp. 41–50 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  115. Ramirez, A.J., Fredericks, E.M., Jensen, A.C., Cheng, B.H.C.: Automatically RELAXing a goal model to cope with uncertainty. In: Fraser, G., Teixeira de Souza, J. (eds.) SSBSE 2012. LNCS, vol. 7515, pp. 198–212. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  116. Ramirez, A.J., Jensen, A.C., Cheng, B.H.C.: A taxonomy of uncertainty for dynamically adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2012), pp. 99–108 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  117. Rushby, J.: Just-in-time certification. In: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS 2007), pp. 15–24 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  118. Rushby, J.: Runtime certification. In: Leucker, M. (ed.) RV 2008. LNCS, vol. 5289, pp. 21–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  119. Ryutov, T., Zhou, L., Neuman, C.: Adaptive trust negotiation and access control. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT 2005), pp. 139–146 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  120. Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (2007-2014)

    Google Scholar 

  121. Schneider, D., Becker, M., Trapp, M.: Approaching runtime trust assurance in open adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2011), pp. 196–201 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sottet, J.-S., Calvary, G., Favré, J.-M., Coutaz, J., Demeure, A., Balme, L.: Towards model driven engineering of plastic user interfaces. In: Bruel, J.-M. (ed.) MoDELS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3844, pp. 191–200. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  123. Simanta, S., Morris, E., Balasubramaniam, S., Davenport, J., Smith, D.B.: Information assurance challenges and strategies for securing SOA environments and web services. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Annual Systems Conference (SysCon 2009), pp. 173–178 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  124. Souza, V.E.S., Lapouchnian, A., Robinson, W.N., Mylopoulos, J.: Awareness requirements for adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2011), pp. 60–69 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  125. Schneider, D., Trapp, M.: Conditional safety certification of open adaptive systems. ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems 8(2), 1–20 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Tamura, G.: QoS-CARE: A Reliable System for Preserving QoS Contracts through Dynamic Reconfiguration. PhD thesis, University of Lille 1 - Science and Technology and Universidad de Los Andes (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  127. Tamura, G., Casallas, R., Cleve, A., Duchien, L.: QoS contract-aware reconfiguration of component architectures using e-graphs. In: Barbosa, L.S., Lumpe, M. (eds.) FACS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6921, pp. 34–52. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  128. Tamura, G., et al.: Towards Practical Runtime Verification and Validation of Self-Adaptive Software Systems. In: de Lemos, R., Giese, H., Müller, H.A., Shaw, M. (eds.) Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems. LNCS, vol. 7475, pp. 108–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  129. Tamura, G., Villegas, N.M., Müller, H.A., Duchien, L., Seinturier, L.: Improving context-awareness in self-adaptation using the dynamico reference model. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2013), pp. 153–162 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  130. International Telecomunication Union. ITU-T Recommendation Z.100: Specification and Description Language, SDL (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  131. Villegas, N.M.: Context Management and Self-Adaptivity for Situation-Aware Smart Software Systems. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Canada (February 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  132. van Lamsweerde, A., Darimont, R., Letier, E.: Managing conflicts in goal-driven requirements engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) 24(11), 908–926 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Villegas, N.M., Müller, H.A., Muñoz, J.C., Lau, A., Ng, J., Brealey, C.: A dynamic context management infrastructure for supporting user-driven web integration in the personal web. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research (CASCON 2011), pp. 200–214. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  134. Villegas, N.M., Müller, H.A., Tamura, G.: Optimizing run-time SOA governance through context-driven SLAs and dynamic monitoring. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on the Maintenance and Evolution of Service-Oriented and Cloud-Based Systems (MESOCA 2011), pp. 1–10 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  135. Villegas, N.M., Müller, H.A., Tamura, G., Duchien, L., Casallas, R.: A framework for evaluating quality-driven self-adaptive software systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2011), pp. 80–89 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  136. Villegas, N.M., Tamura, G., Müller, H.A., Duchien, L., Casallas, R.: DYNAMICO: A reference model for governing control objectives and context relevance in self-adaptive software systems. In: de Lemos, R., Giese, H., Müller, H.A., Shaw, M. (eds.) Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems. LNCS, vol. 7475, pp. 265–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  137. Wells, L.: Performance analysis using coloured Petri nets. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems (MASCOTS 2002), pp. 217–224 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  138. Weyns, D., Usman Iftikhar, M, de la Iglesia, D.G., Ahmad, T.: A survey of formal methods in self-adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International C* Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (C3S2E 2012), pp. 67–79. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  139. Weyns, D., Malek, S., Andersson, J.: Forms: A formal reference model for self-adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2010), pp. 205–214 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  140. Whittle, J., Sawyer, P., Bencomo, N., Cheng, B.H.C., Bruel, J.-M.: RELAX: Incorporating uncertainty into the specification of self-adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2009), pp. 79–88 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  141. Welsh, K., Sawyer, P., Bencomo, N.: Towards requirements aware systems: Run-time resolution of design-time assumptions. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ICSE 20011), pp. 560–563 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  142. Zhang, J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Specifying adaptation semantics. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems (WADS 2005), pp. 1–7. ACM (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  143. Zhang, J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Model-based development of dynamically adaptive software. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2006), pp. 371–380 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  144. Zhang, J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Using temporal logic to specify adaptive program semantics. Journal of Systems and Software (JSS) 79(10), 1361–1369 (2006); Architecting Dependable Systems

    Google Scholar 

  145. Zhang, J., Cheng, B.H.C., Yang, Z., McKinley, P.K.: Enabling safe dynamic component-based software adaptation. In: de Lemos, R., Gacek, C., Romanovsky, A. (eds.) Architecting Dependable Systems III. LNCS, vol. 3549, pp. 194–211. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  146. Zhang, J., Goldsby, H.J., Cheng, B.H.C.: Modular verification of dynamically adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD 2009), pp. 161–172 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  147. Zave, P., Jackson, M.: Four dark corners of requirements engineering. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering Methodology (TOSEM) 6(1), 1–30 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Michigan State University, US

    Betty H. C. Cheng

  2. University of Bristol, UK

    Kerstin I. Eder

  3. Universität Bremen, Germany

    Martin Gogolla

  4. TU Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Lars Grunske

  5. York University, Canada

    Marin Litoiu

  6. University of Victoria, Canada

    Hausi A. Müller & Norha M. Villegas

  7. Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Italy

    Patrizio Pelliccione

  8. Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Sweden

    Patrizio Pelliccione

  9. CIT - FBK - Povo Trento, Italy

    Anna Perini

  10. National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan

    Nauman A. Qureshi

  11. RWTH Aachen, Germany

    Bernhard Rumpe

  12. Fraunhofer IESE - Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Daniel Schneider

  13. TU Berlin, Germany

    Frank Trollmann

  14. Icesi University, Colombia

    Norha M. Villegas

Authors
  1. Betty H. C. Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kerstin I. Eder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martin Gogolla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lars Grunske
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marin Litoiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hausi A. Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Patrizio Pelliccione
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Anna Perini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Nauman A. Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Bernhard Rumpe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Daniel Schneider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Frank Trollmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Norha M. Villegas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK

    Nelly Bencomo

  2. Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Robert France

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 3115 Engineering Building, 428 S. Shaw Lane, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Betty H. C. Cheng

  4. Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 46, 01307, Dresden, Germany

    Uwe Aßmann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cheng, B.H.C. et al. (2014). Using Models at Runtime to Address Assurance for Self-Adaptive Systems. In: Bencomo, N., France, R., Cheng, B.H.C., Aßmann, U. (eds) Models@run.time. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8378. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08915-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08915-7_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08914-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08915-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation