Abstract
The problem of performing cybersecurity tests over existing industrial control systems is well-known. Once it is deployed, a critical system cannot be made unavailable for the purpose of simulating a cyber attack and thus it is hard to introduce corrective measures based on actual test outcomes. On the other hand, a high security posture is required for critical infrastructure and security by design is mandatory for new projects. Such requirements call for an architectural approach to introduce security straight from the early development phases. However, the adoption of a systematic design approach does not guarantee the cost-effectiveness of security countermeasures analysis, which is an extremely cumbersome task as the creation of a physical model is often costly or impossible.
To address these issues, we propose the introduction of a specific view in the system’s architectural blueprint, called the Cybersecurity Digital Twin. It is an Enterprise Architecture model of the system specifically targeted at providing a sound base for simulations in order to devise proper countermeasures without any outage of the physical infrastructure. To provide a proof of concept and demonstrate the practical viability of the proposed solution, we apply the methodology to a Cooperative Intelligent Transport System use case, evaluating the system security of the obtained solution.
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Notes
- 1.
Following IEC 62443-3-3.
- 2.
SecuriCAD is a tool that adopts a probabilistic approach to threat modeling, based on the definition of Attack Trees, which are the set of steps that the attacker is likely to perform in order to reach our assets.
- 3.
See, e.g., NIST cybersecurity framework for the protection of critical infrastructure [25] that has a specific control (ID.AM-3) requiring that organizational communication and data flows are mapped in order to segment and segregate network traffic, and identify firewall rules (the zone and conduit principle of IEC 62443).
- 4.
Decentralized Environmental Notification Message.
- 5.
- 6.
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Sellitto, G.P., Masi, M., Pavleska, T., Aranha, H. (2021). A Cyber Security Digital Twin for Critical Infrastructure Protection: The Intelligent Transport System Use Case. In: Serral, E., Stirna, J., Ralyté, J., Grabis, J. (eds) The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. PoEM 2021. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 432. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91279-6_16
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