Abstract
We explore the perceptions of the ethics of persuasive technology as applied to the design of user interfaces. We learn whether consumers of software see persuasion through technology as ethical, whether producers of software view the development of persuasive technology as ethical, and whether these opinions can be reconciled. This research consists of a review of relevant literature on the topic, a survey of software consumers, interviews with software producers, and an analysis of the data, resulting in conclusions intended to influence the responsible design of user interfaces in the future.
We find that persuasive technology is effective, that software consumers do not necessarily recognize persuasion when it is applied to them, and that they do not generally wish to be persuaded, unless they view the motivation of the persuader as being morally admirable. Software developers, on the other hand, do not intentionally behave unethically, but are open to the development of persuasive technology, and even deceptive technology, under some conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atkinson, B.M.C.: Captology: a critical review. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 171–182. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11755494_25
Barral, O., et al.: Covert persuasive technologies: bringing subliminal cues to human-computer interaction. In: Spagnolli, A., Chittaro, L., Gamberini, L. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2014. LNCS, vol. 8462, pp. 1–12. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07127-5_1
Berdichevsky, D., Neuenschwander, E.: Toward an ethics of persuasive technology. Commun. ACM 42(5), 51–58 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1145/301353.301410
Brignull, H.: Dark patterns: dirty tricks designers use to make people do stuff 08 July 2010. https://www.90percentofeverything.com/2010/07/08/dark-patterns-dirty-tricks-designers-use-to-make-people-do-stuff/. Accessed 29 Sep 2019, from 90 Percent Of Everything website
Cialdini, R.: Influence: the Psychology of Persuasion. Collins, New York (1984). NY, rev. edn
Davis, J.: Design methods for ethical persuasive computing. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, vol. 6, pp. 1–6 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1541948.1541957
Fogg, B.: The ethics of persuasive technology. In: Persuasive Technology, pp. 211–239. Morgan Kaufmann (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860643-2/50011-1
Gray, C.M., Kou, Y., Battles, B., Hoggatt, J., Toombs, A.L.: The dark (patterns) side of UX design. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI, vol. 18, pp. 1–14 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174108
Harris, T.: How technology is hijacking your mind–from a former insider, 18 May 2016. https://medium.com/thrive-global/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds-from-a-magician-and-google-s-design-ethicist-56d62ef5edf3. Accessed 6 Apr 2019, from Medium website
IJsselsteijn, W., de Kort, Y., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E.: Persuasive technology for human well-being: setting the scene. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 1–5. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11755494_1
Kaptein, M., Eckles, D.: Selecting effective means to any end: futures and ethics of persuasion profiling. In: Ploug, T., Hasle, P., Oinas-Kukkonen, H. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6137, pp. 82–93. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13226-1_10
Karppinen, P., Oinas-Kukkonen, H.: Three approaches to ethical considerations in the design of behavior change support systems. In: Berkovsky, S., Freyne, J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2013. LNCS, vol. 7822, pp. 87–98. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_12
Kight, R., Gram-Hansen, S.B.: Do ethics matter in persuasive technology? In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Win, K.T., Karapanos, E., Karppinen, P., Kyza, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2019. LNCS, vol. 11433, pp. 143–155. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17287-9_12
Lee, M.K., Kiesler, S., Forlizzi, J.: Mining behavioral economics to design persuasive technology for healthy choices. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 325–334 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1978989
Leth Jespersen, J., Albrechtslund, A., Øhrstrøm, P., Hasle, P., Albretsen, J.: Surveillance, persuasion, and panopticon. In: de Kort, Y., IJsselsteijn, W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 109–120. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77006-0_15
Nagenborg, M.: Surveillance and Persuasion, Ethics and Information Technology, Dordrecht, vol. 16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-014-9339-4
Nodder, C.: Evil by Design: Interaction Design to Lead Us into Temptation. Wiley, Indianapolis, IN (2013)
Smids, J.: The voluntariness of persuasive technology. In: Bang, M., Ragnemalm, E.L. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2012. LNCS, vol. 7284, pp. 123–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31037-9_11
Thaler, R.H., Sunstein, C.R.: Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Penguin Books, New York (2009). Revised and expanded edn
Timmer, J., Kool, L., van Est, R.: Ethical challenges in emerging applications of persuasive technology. In: MacTavish, T., Basapur, S. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2015. LNCS, vol. 9072, pp. 196–201. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20306-5_18
Torning, K., Oinas-Kukkonen, H.: Persuasive system design: state of the art and future directions. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology. Persuasive 2009. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1541948.1541989
Tromp, N., Hekkert, P., Verbeek, P.P.: Design for socially responsible behavior: a classification of influence based on intended user experience. Des. Issues 27(3), 3–19 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Branch, C.C., Beaton, C.I., McQuaid, M., Weeden, E. (2021). Perceptions of Ethics in Persuasive User Interfaces. In: Ali, R., Lugrin, B., Charles, F. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12684. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79460-6_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79460-6_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-79459-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-79460-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)