Abstract
An immediate industry challenge is to fashion a co-simulation that replicates real-systems behaviour with high fidelity. To achieve this goal, developers rely on frameworks to enhance the creation and analysis of the co-simulation. One major problem is that new co-simulation frameworks require extensive development, most of which resides in non-essential functionalities, before they can be used in practice. Additionally, existing co-simulations demand a thorough understanding before they can be extended.
Our vision is a modular co-simulation framework architecture, that is easily extensible by researchers, and can integrate existing and legacy co-simulation approaches. The architecture we propose permits extension at three levels, each providing different degrees of flexibility. The most flexible integration level involves the specification of a Domain Specific Language (DSL) for Master Algorithms (MAs), and this paper sketc.hes such a DSL, and illustrates how it is expressive enough to describe well-known MAs.
This work has been supported by the Poul Due Jensen Foundation. C. G. is a FWO Research Fellow, at the University of Antwerp, supported by the Research Foundation - Flanders (File Number 1S06316N). Furthermore, this work is carried out in the context of INTO-CPS Association and the results are provided under the INTO-CPS Association Public License Version 1. See https://into-cps.org for details.
N. Battle—Independent.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
We adopt the terminology in [10].
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
See [6, 9, 18] for example co-simulations that cannot be configured correctly without information that is not covered in the standard. Work has commenced on FMI 3.0, see http://fmi-standard.org/faq for more information.
- 10.
References
van Amerongen, J.: Dynamical Systems for Creative Technology. Controllab Products B.V. http://doc.utwente.nl/75219/
Bandur, V., et al.: INTO-CPS tool chain user manual. Technical report, INTO-CPS Deliverable, D4.3a, December 2017
Bastian, J., Clauß, C., Wolf, S., Schneider, P.: Master for co-simulation using FMI. In: 8th International Modelica Conference, pp. 115–120. Linköping University Electronic Press, Linköpings Universitet. https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp11063115
Benedikt, M., Watzenig, D., Zehetner, J., Hofer, A.: NEPCE-a nearly energy preserving coupling element for weak-coupled problems and co-simulation. In: IV International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering, Coupled Problems, pp. 1–12 (2013)
Blochwitz, T., et al.: Functional mockup interface 2.0: the standard for tool independent exchange of simulation models. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Modelica Conference, pp. 173–184. The Modelica Association (2012). https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp12076173,key=blo+12mcproject=LCCC-modeling
Cremona, F., Lohstroh, M., Broman, D., Lee, E.A., Masin, M., Tripakis, S.: Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time 10270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-017-0633-6
Gomes, C., Thule, C., Broman, D., Larsen, P.G., Vangheluwe, H.: Co-simulation: a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(3), 49:1–49:33 (2018)
Gomes, C., et al.: Semantic adaptation for FMI co-simulation with hierarchical simulators 95(3), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549718759775
Gomes, C., et al.: HintCO - hint-based configuration of co-simulations. In: International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, pp. 57–68. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007830000570068
Gomes, C., Thule, C., Broman, D., Larsen, P.G., Vangheluwe, H.: Co-simulation: a survey 51(3), Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1145/3179993
Gomes, C., Thule, C., Broman, D., Larsen, P.G., Vangheluwe, H.: Co-simulation: state of the art. http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.00686
Gomes, C., Thule, C., Larsen, P.G., Denil, J., Vangheluwe, H.: Co-simulation of continuous systems: a tutorial. http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.08463
Grieves, M.: Origins of the digital twin concept. Florida Institute of Technology (2016)
Hafner, I., Popper, N.: On the terminology and structuring of co-simulation methods. In: Zimmer, D., Bachmann, B. (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modeling Languages and Tools, pp. 67–76. ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/3158191.3158203
Larsen, P.G., et al.: Integrated tool chain for model-based design of Cyber-Physical Systems: the INTO-CPS project. In: 2016 2nd International Workshop on Modelling, Analysis, and Control of Complex CPS (CPS Data), Vienna, Austria. IEEE, April 2016. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7496424/
Li, L., Seymour, R.M., Baigent, S.: Integrating biosystem models using waveform relaxation (2008). 308
Palensky, P., Van Der Meer, A.A., Lopez, C.D., Joseph, A., Pan, K.: Cosimulation of intelligent power systems: fundamentals, software architecture, numerics, and coupling 11(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2016.2639825
Pedersen, N., Lausdahl, K., Sanchez, E.V., Thule, C., Larsen, P.G., Madsen, J.: Distributed co-simulation of embedded control software using INTO-CPS. In: Obaidat, M.S., Ören, T., Rango, F.D. (eds.) SIMULTECH 2017. AISC, vol. 873, pp. 33–54. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01470-4_3
Pop, A., Bandur, V., Lausdahl, K., Groothuis, M., Bokhove, T.: Final Integration of Simulators in the INTO-CPS Platform
Rasmussen, M.B., Thule, C., Macedo, H.D., Larsen, P.G.: Moving the INTO-CPS application to the cloud. In: The 17th Overture Workshop, Porto, Portugal, October 2019
Schweiger, G., et al.: Functional mock-up interface: an empirical survey identifies research challenges and current barriers. In: The American Modelica Conference, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 138–146. Linköping University Electronic Press, Linköpings Universitet (2018). https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp18154138
Schweiger, G., et al.: An empirical survey on co-simulation: promising standards, challenges and research needs 95, 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2019.05.001
Thule, C., Lausdahl, K., Gomes, C., Meisl, G., Larsen, P.G.: Maestro: the INTO-CPS co-simulation framework 92, 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2018.12.005
Thule, C., Lausdahl, K., Gomes, C., Meisl, G., Larsen, P.G.: Maestro: the INTO-CPS co-simulation framework. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 92, 45 – 61 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2018.12.005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569190X1830193X
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Thule, C. et al. (2020). Towards Reuse of Synchronization Algorithms in Co-simulation Frameworks. In: Camara, J., Steffen, M. (eds) Software Engineering and Formal Methods. SEFM 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57506-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57506-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57505-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57506-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)