Abstract
This paper briefly introduces identity influences, the categorizations of identity and the concepts of anonymity and pseudonymity in India. It also makes a study of digital identity, anonymity and pseudonymity, the manifestations thereof, applications and concerns. It examines the regulation of digital identity vis-à-vis the IT Act 2000, case laws and the implementation of the Multi-purpose National Identity Cards (MNIC’s) in India.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
JuxtConsult Online Research & Advisory, India Online 2007. Report.
Paranjpe, A C. 1998. Self and identity in modern psychology in Indian thought. Springer.
Gottschalk, P. 2000. Beyond Hindu and Muslim: Multiple identity in narratives from village India. OUP.
Chakrabarty, B. 2003. Communal identity in India: Its construction and articulation in the twentieth century. OUP.
Singh, Y. 2000. Culture change in India: Identity and globalisation. Jaipur.
Cohn, B S. 1971. India: The social anthropology of a civilization. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Jodhka, S S (ed.). 2001. Community & identities: Contemporary discourses on culture and politics in India: 26.
Hall, S. 1990. Cultural identity and diaspora. In Identity: Community, culture, difference, ed.J Rutherford, 223.
Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture’s consequences. Sage Publications.
Cohn, B S. 1987. The census, social structure and objectification in South Asia. In An anthropologist among historians and other essays, 224–254. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Guha, S. 2003. The politics of identity and enumeration in India c. 1600-1990. Society for Comparative Study of Society and History, 148–167:50.
Second Life. Second Life is a 3D digital world that is the product of its residents’ imagination, activity and maintenance. See http://secondlife.com/
Pai Panandiker, V A (ed.). 1997. The politics of backwardness: Reservation policy in India. New Delhi, Konark Publishers
Wadwha, K K. 1975. Minority safeguards in India: Constitutional provisions and their implementation. New Delhi, Thomson Press (India) Limited
Galanter, M. 1984. Competing equalities: Law and the backward classes in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press
Nabhi’s brochure on reservation and concession. 2001. New Delhi: Nabhi Publications; Reports of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Jenkins, L. D. 2003. Identity and identification in India: Defining the disadvantaged: 24.
Geert, H. 1991. Culture and organizations, software of the mind, intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. McGraw-Hill.
Bharati, A. 1985. The self in Hindu thought and action. In Culture and the self: Asian and Western perspectives, ed. A. J. Marsella, 211.
Dumont, L. 1970. Homo Hierarchicus: The caste system and its implications. University of Chicago Press: 8-9
Kakar, S. 1981. The Inner world: A psycho-analytic study of childhood and society in India, Delhi, 37
Ramanujam, B. K., Toward maturity: Problems of identity seen in the Indian clinical setting. In Identity and adulthood, ed. S Kakar, OUP, 37-55: 54.
Encyclopedia Britannica Online. The joint family, 29 May 2007 http://www.britannica. com/eb/article?tocId=26070.
Kumari Madhuri Patil v. Addl. Commnr. Tribal Development (1994) 6 SCC 241.
Mrs. Valsamma Paul v. Cochin University & Ors. JT 1996 (1) SC 57
Reede, J L. de. 2006. Protection of basic constitutional features in India and Europe. Book review. European Constitutional Law Review. 2: 476–482.
http://www.dalitnetwork.org/go?/dfh/about/C20/#sc_st_or_scheduled_caste_scheduled_tribes
Stern, R. W. 1993. Changing India: Bourgeois revolution on the subcontinent: 78; BBC News. Dalits in conversion ceremony. 14 Oct. 2006, http://news.bbc.co.Uk/1/hi/world/ south_asia/6050408.stm.
Gupta, D. Killing caste by conversion. The Hindu, 13 Nov. 2001 http://www.hinduonnet. com/thehindu/2001/ll/13/stories/05132523.htm.
Chandra, R & S. Mittra. 2003. Dalit identity in the new millennium. New Delhi, Commonwealth.
Rajadhyaksha, A. Presentation at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). University of London. 24 May 2007
Government of India, Visual Arts, paintings and sculptures, http://india.gov.in/ knowindia/visualarts.php. 27 Sep. 2007; Gupte, R & B. D. Mahajan. 1962. Ajanta, Ellora and Aurangabad caves. Bombay: Taraporevala & Co.
Badam, R. T. India tech institute curbs internet use. International Business Times. 21 March 2007. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20070321/india-internet.htm
See Gol. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Department of Information Technology, Information technology annual report 2006–07, Accessed 20 Nov. 2007. http://www.mit.gov.in/download/annualreport2006-07.pdf
The Society for Promotion of e-Governance, major e-governance projects, 23 Sep. 2007. http://www.egovindia.org/egovportals.html
www.gyandoot.nic.in
ITC. E-Choupal: ITC’s rural development philosophy at work, http://www.itcportal.com/ ruraldevp_philosophy/echoupal.htm. Accessed 1 Sep. 2007.
Tarahaat. http://www.tarahaat.com/. Accessed 30 Sep. 2007.
Census of India 2001
Background Report of the Working Group on Information Technology for Masses, http://itformasses.nic. in/page 1.htm#bg5a.
Fischer & Lorenz. 2000. Internet and the future policy framework for telecommunications. A report for the European Commission. 31 January 2000: 61 http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/infosoc/telecompolicy/en/Fischer31a.pdf 42. Miller, E. Wireless internet access in rural south India: A report by Eric Miller” December 2000. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~emiller/report.html
Orkut. http://www.orkut.com/. Accessed 29 September 2007.
Keniston, K. Panel on global culture, local culture, and vernacular computing: the excluded 95% in South Asia. http://web.mit.edu/~kken/Public/PDF/Panel%20on%20 Global%20Culture.pdf
Smart Villages. http://www.smartvillages.org/hansdehar/people.htm. Accessed 29 Sep. 2007.
Art 2(a), Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, OJ L 281, 23.11.1995: 31-50
Kumaraguru, P. and L. Cranor. 2005. Privacy perceptions in India and the United States: An interview study. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ponguru/tprc_2005_pk_lc_en.pdf. Accessed 15 Sep. 2007.
World Bank. HIV/AIDS in India. Aug 2007. http://siteresources.worldbank.org /INTSAREGTOPHIVAIDS/Resources/HIV-AIDS-brief-Aug07-IN.pdf.
BBC News. Bareth, N. Court puts on hold HIV decision. BBC News. 28 Sep. 2007. http://news.bbc. co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7017573.stm.
BBC News. ‘HIV stigma’ drives India suicide. 3 Jul 2006. http://news.bbc.co.Uk/1/hi/ world/south_asia/5141 100.stm
Glaser, M. Indian media blog shuts down after legal threats from Times of India. Online Journalism Review. Annenberg School of Journalism. University of Southern California. 15 March 2005. http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050315glaser
PTI. Pune cops book Orkut user. The Times of India. 2 September 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Pune_cops_book_Orkut_user/articleshow/2331802.cms
Sreekala, G. Much hyped IT Act stays a dead letter. Times News Network. 20 July 2006. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Business_Law/General_Law/Much_hyped_IT _Act_stays_a_dead_letter/articleshow/1783026.cms.
Duggal, P. Cyberlaw in India: The Information Technology Act 2000 — Some perspectives. 6 Sep. 2001. http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=13430&print=l
Basu, S. & R Jones. March 2003. E-commerce and the law: A review of India’s Information Technology Act 2000. Contemporary South Asia. 12(1): 7–24.
Singh, T. Cyber law and information technology. http://www.delhidistrictcourts. nic.in/CYBER%20LAW.pdf. Accessed 3 Sep. 2007
Nikade, N. Youth misuses classmate’s profile, posts lewd scraps. Mumbai Mirror. 29 September 2006.
Lyon, D. November 2004. Identity cards: social sorting by database. Oxford Internet Institute. Internet issue brief No 3: 3
Ministry of Home Affairs. First tranche of multi-purpose national identity cards handed over to the citizens. Press Information Bureau. 26 May 2007. http://pib.nic.in/ release/release.asp?relid=28238
Mehmood, T. From chowkeydari act to biometric identification: Passages from the information state in India. International colloquium on information society. History and politics. Sarai CSDS. New Delhi. 29 Nov-2nd December 2006. http://www.sarai.net/ research/information-society/resources/texts-and-essays/fromchowkeydariact.pdf
Office of the Registrar General India. 2003. Project review: Multi-purpose National Identity Card. E-censusIndia, Issue 17 http://www.censusindia.net/results/ecil7.pdf
Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003 were notified in the Government of India Gazette Vide GSR No. 937(E) dated 10 December 2003.
Ministry of Home Affairs. First tranche of multi-purpose national identity cards handed over to the citizens. Press Information Bureau. 26 May 2007. http://pib.nic.in/ release/release.asp?relid=28238Ministry of Home Affairs, Press Release
SAHRD. Multi-purpose national identity: Protection or restriction of right. HRF/169/07. 13 July 2007. http://www.hrdc.net/sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF169.htm
Vishwa Mohan. Multi-purpose smart cards arrive, “Times News Network. 24 May 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Delhi/Multi-purpose_smart_cards_arrive/article show/2070343.cms; No need for a new ID care scheme: CPI-M tells poll panel.4 April 1998. The Statesman.
Sethi, A. December 2005. Peeking out of your pocket: India’s national ID scheme is ‘on schedule.’ http://www.himalmag.com/2005/november/analysis_7.html
Merinews Network. I-cards for Indian citizens as govt. launches MNIC project. Merinews. 28 May 2007. http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=125184
Prabhu, R. 2003. From national ID to global citizenry. Convergence Plus. http://www.convergenceplus.com/3rd%20scti%202003.html
Mehmood, T. 2005. Playing cards-identity cards and the politics of information. World Information City, Bangalore. 14–19 Nov. 2005 http://www.sarai.net/research/ information-society/resources/texts-and-essays/playingcards.pdf
Srinivasan, S. Now, for the born identity. The Economic Times. 1 Sep. 2007.
Purohit, D. Report taking shape amid infiltration buzz. The Telegraph Calcutta. 23 Aug. 2005.http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp
Misra, N. 186 million Indians without voter IDs. Hindustan Times, 15 May 2007. http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=df526e99-d0d6-4235-b3d6-9f964ae0b445&Headline= 186+million+Indians+without+voter+IDs
Fussell, J. 2001. Group classification on national ID cards as a factor in genocide and ethnic cleansing. Presented on 15 Nov. 2001 to the Seminar Series of the Yale University Genocide Studies Program.
Longman, T. 2001. Identity cards, ethnic self-perception, and genocide in Rwanda. In Documenting individual identity: The development of state practices in the modern world. ed. J Caplan and J Torpey. Princeton University Press.
Tarlo, E. 2003. Unsettling memories: Narratives of the ‘emergency’ in Delhi. C Hurst & Co.
TNN. PIL seeks ban on Orkut. Times of India. 24 Nov 2006. http://timesofindia. indiatimes.com/Cities/Mumbai/PIL_seeks_ban_on_Orkut_/articleshow/548286.cms
Times News Network. Orkut’s tell-all pact with cops. The Economic Times Online. 1 May 2007
IBN Live. Photo ID must for cyber cafe users. IBN Live. 21 July 2006. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/photo-identity-cards-for-net-users/16297-3.html
Varma, A. India’s cops get Orwellian. LiveMint.com. 6 September 2007. http://www.livemint.com/2007/09/06000800/India8217s-cops-get-Orwelli.html
Menon, V. K. Virtual khabris to zoom-in on terrorists. Midday. 29 August 2007. http://www.mid-day.com/news/city/2007/august/163165.htm
Wolcott, P. 2003. Global diffusion of the internet I: India: Is the elephant learning to dance? Communications of the Association for Information Systems. Volume 11, 560–646: 627
Jolly George Varghese v. Bank of Cochin, [1980] 2 SCJ 358
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rodrigues, R. (2008). Digital Identity and Anonymity. In: Fischer-Hübner, S., Duquenoy, P., Zuccato, A., Martucci, L. (eds) The Future of Identity in the Information Society. Privacy and Identity 2007. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing, vol 262. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79026-8_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79026-8_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-4629-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-79026-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)