Abstract
We describe the capabilities of and algorithms used in a new FPGA CAD tool, Versatile Place and Route (VPR). In terms of minimizing routing area, VPR outperforms all published FPGA place and route tools to which we can compare. Although the algorithms used are based on previously known approaches, we present several enhancements that improve run-time and quality. We present placement and routing results on a new set of large circuits to allow future benchmark comparisons of FPGA place and route tools on circuit sizes more typical of today's industrial designs.
VPR is capable of targeting a broad range of FPGA architectures, and the source code is publicly available. It and the associated netlist translation / clustering tool VPACK have already been used in a number of research projects worldwide, and should be useful in many areas of FPGA architecture research.
1.This work was supported by a Walter C. Sumner Memorial Fellowship, an NSERC 1967 Scholarship, and the Information Technology Centre of Ontario.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Brown, R. Francis, J. Rose, and Z. Vranesic, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.
Xilinx Inc., The Programmable Logic Data Book, 1994.
AT & T Inc., ORCA Datasheet, 1994.
Actel Inc., FPGA Data Book, 1994.
Altera Inc., Data Book, 1996.
V Betz and J. Rose, “Cluster-Based Logic Blocks for FPGAs: Area-Efficiency vs. Input Sharing and Size,” CICC, 1997, pp. 551–554.
S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, Jr., and M. P. Vecchi, “Optimization by Simulated Annealing,” Science, May 13, 1983, pp. 671–680.
V Betz and J. Rose, “Directional Bias and Non-Uniformity in FPGA Global Routing Architectures,” ICCAD, 1996, pp. 652–659.
V Betz and J. Rose, “On Biased and Non-Uniform Global Routing Architectures and CAD Tools for FPGAs,” CSRI Tech. Rep. #358, Dept. of ECE, University of Toronto, 1996.
C. E. Cheng, “RISA: Accurate and Efficient Placement Routability Modeling,” DAC, 1994, pp. 690–695.
M. Huang, F Romeo, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, `An Efficient General Cooling Schedule for Simulated Annealing,” ICCAD, 1986, pp. 381–384.
W. Swartz and C. Sechen, “New Algorithms for the Placement and Routing of Macro Cells,” ICCAD, 1990, pp. 336–339.
J. Lam and J. Delosme, “Performance of a New Annealing Schedule,” DAC, 1988, pp. 306–311.
C. Ebeling, L. McMurchie, S. A. Hauck and S. Burns, “Placement and Routing Tools for the Triptych FPGA,” IEEE Trans. on VLSI, Dec. 1995, pp. 473–482.
C. Y. Lee, “An Algorithm for Path Connections and its Applications, “IRE Trans. Electron. Comput., Vol. EC=10, 1961, pp. 346–365.
J. S. Rose, W. M. Snelgrove, Z. G. Vranesic, “ALTOR: An Automatic Standard Cell Layout Program,” Canadian Conf on VLSI, 1985, pp. 169–173.
J. S. Rose, “Parallel Global Routing for Standard Cells,” IEEE Trans. on CAD, Oct. 1990, pp. 1085–1095.
S. Brown, J. Rose, Z. G. Vranesic, “A Detailed Router for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays,” IEEE Trans. on CAD, May 1992, pp. 620–628.
G. Lemieux, S. Brown, “A Detailed Router for Allocating Wire Segments in FPGAs,” ACMISIGDA Physical Design Workshop, 1993, pp. 215–226.
Y-L. Wu, M. Marek-Sadowska, “An Efficient Router for 2-D Field-Programmable Gate Arrays,”EDAC, 1994, pp. 412–416.
Y-L. Wu, M. Marek-Sadowska, “Orthogonal Greedy Coupling — A New Optimization Approach to 2-D FPGA Routing,” DAC, 1995, pp. 568–573.
M. J. Alexander, G. Robins, “New Performance-Driven FPGA Routing Algorithms,” DAC, 1995, pp. 562–567.
G. Lemieux, S. Brown, D. Vranesic, “On Two-Step Routing for FPGAs,” Int. Symp. on Physical Design, 1997, pp. 60–66.
Y-S. Lee, A. Wu, “A Performance and Routability Driven Router for FPGAs Considering Path Delays,” DAC, 1995, pp. 557–561.
M. J. Alexander, J. P Cohoon, J. L. Ganley, G. Robins, “Performance-Oriented Placement and Routing for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays,” EDAC, 1995, pp. 80–85.
S. Wilton, “Architectures and Algorithms for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays with Embedded Memories,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1997.
S. Yang, “Logic Synthesis and Optimization Benchmarks, Version 3.0,” Tech. Report, Microelectronics Centre of North Carolina, 1991.
J. Cong and Y Ding, “Flowmap: An Optimal Technology Mapping Algorithm for Delay Optimization in Lookup-Table Based FPGA Designs,” IEEE Trans. on CAD, Jan. 1994, pp. 1–12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Betz, V., Rose, J. (1997). VPR: a new packing, placement and routing tool for FPGA research. In: Luk, W., Cheung, P.Y.K., Glesner, M. (eds) Field-Programmable Logic and Applications. FPL 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1304. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63465-7_226
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63465-7_226
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63465-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69557-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive