Abstract
The good news of this paper is that without extending Z, we can elegantly specify object-oriented systems, including encapsulation, inheritance and subtype polymorphism (dynamic dispatch). The bad news is that this specification style is rather different to normal Z specifications, more abstract and axiomatic, which means that it is not so well supported by current Z tools such as animators. It also enforces behavioural subtyping, unlike most object-oriented programming languages. This paper explains the proposed style, with examples, and discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
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Utting, M., Wang, S. (2003). Object Orientation without Extending Z. In: Bert, D., Bowen, J.P., King, S., Waldén, M. (eds) ZB 2003: Formal Specification and Development in Z and B. ZB 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2651. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44880-2_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44880-2_20
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