方法:

sed -i "s/^/linux/g" ztj.txt

[root@logstash ~]# cat ztj.txt 

/home1 ztj1
/home ztj
da
/home2 ztj2
/home3 ztj3
/home4 ztj4
[root@logstash ~]# sed -i "s/^/linux/g" ztj.txt
[root@logstash ~]# cat ztj.txt
linux
linux/home1 ztj1
linux/home ztj
linuxda
linux/home2 ztj2
linux/home3 ztj3
linux/home4 ztj4
[root@logstash ~]#