centos7怎么升级ruby centos7.2升级到7.8

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小屁孩 2024-01-30 06:26:09

文章标签 centos7怎么升级ruby centos python CentOS 文章分类 Ruby 后端开发

一、 升级背景原因

公司因业务需要购买了一台工作站，预装的是win10系统，公司需要centos7.8系统，则进行系统的更改，但是在更改安装系统时无法直接安装centos7.8系统，经过多番尝试确定只能安装centos6.8系统，最后只能安装后再进行升级！

二、 升级过程

首先在安装的centos6.8系统执行yum update –y升级到6.10，再开始升级到7.2，再升级到7.8就ok啦！

1.首先下载yum源，

wget –O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

2.更新源

#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/upgrade.repo 
[upgrade]
name=upgrade
baseurl=https://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/
enable=1
gpgcheck=0

3. 卸载6.x自带的较新的助手，并安装老版,否则会报错。（我的版本中没有可卸载的安装包）

#yum erase openscap -y 
#以下无法连接
#yum install http://dev.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/Packages/openscap-1.0.8-1.0.1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm -y   
#以下两个连接都有效
yum install ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/ftp.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/6.5/x86_64/updates/fastbugs/openscap-1.0.8-1.el6_5.x86_64.rpm  -y   
yum install https://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/Packages/openscap-1.0.8-1.0.1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm -y

4. 安装升级系统助手

#利用到upgrade.repo源
#yum install redhat-upgrade-tool preupgrade-assistant-contents -y  
5.检测是否可以升级
#preupg -s CentOS6_7
Preupg tool doesn't do the actual upgrade.
Please ensure you have backed up your system and/or data in the event of a failed upgrade
 that would require a full re-install of the system from installation media.
Do you want to continue? y/n
y
Gathering logs used by preupgrade assistant:
All installed packages : 01/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
All changed files      : 02/11 ...finished (time 01:56s)
Changed config files   : 03/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
All users              : 04/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
All groups             : 05/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
RedHat signed packages : 10/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
CentOS signed packages : 11/11 ...finished
(time 00:00s)
......
Tarball with results is stored here
/root/preupgrade-results/preupg_results-200304120406.tar.gz .
The latest assessment is stored in directory
/root/preupgrade .
Summary information:
We found some critical issues. In-place
upgrade is not advised.
Read the file /root/preupgrade/result.html
for more details.
Upload results to UI by command:
e.g. preupg -u http://127.0.0.1:8099/submit/
-r /root/preupgrade-results/preupg_results-*.tar.gz .

6.导入CentOS7的key

#rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

7.开始升级

#尝试过多个系统版本，均无法升级。
#centos-upgrade-tool-cli --network 7
--instrepo=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/ --force
setting up repos...
cmdline-instrepo       
                     
                     
                     
        
cmdline-instrepo/primary_db   
                     
                     
                       
No upgrade available for the following
repos: base extras updates upgrade.treeinfo         
                     
                     
      
preupgrade-assistant risk check found
EXTREME risks for this upgrade.
Run preupg --riskcheck --verbose to view these
risks.
Continuing with this upgrade is not
recommended.
 
然后使用清华大学的源就没问题了
centos-upgrade-tool-cli --network 7 --instrepo=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/ --force
 
也可以下载镜像升级，
上传Centos7.2-DVD.iso文件
执行升级操作
centos-upgrade-tool-cli  --iso=/path/centos7.2-dvd.iso  --force 
结束后进行重启
setting up repos...
.treeinfo | 1.1 kB 00:00
Preupgrade assistant risk check
found risks for this upgrade.
You can run preupg --riskcheck
--verbose to view these risks.
Addressing high risk issues is
required before the in-place upgrade
and ignoring these risks may result
in a broken upgrade and unsupported upgrade.
Please backup your data.
...
...
 
(276/277): zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
| 90 kB 00:00
(277/277): zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
| 50 kB 00:00
testing upgrade transaction
rpm transaction 100%
[======================================================================================================================================================]
rpm install 100%
[==========================================================================================================================================================]
setting up system for upgrade
Finished. Reboot to start upgrade.
 
重启后查看升级后的系统版本
cat /etc/redhat-release
#CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511
(Core)
配置Centos7.4的yum源地址（可不做）
执行升级命令即可
yum upgrade 和 yum update -y

三、 升级后的问题处理

档升级完重启后，发现无法进行ssh连接，

ssh: connect to host x.x.x.x port
22: Connection refused
好吧，不是还可以登录 web 的终端，接上显示器后发现网卡和yum源都不好使，登录上，看到确实升级到了 CentOS 7 了，查看 sshd 服务情况，确实服务没启动：
# systemctl status sshd
• ● sshd.service - OpenSSH server
daemon
 Loaded: loaded
(/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result:
exit-code) since 三
2017-03-15 15:05:33 CST; 24s ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Process: 1788 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd
$OPTIONS (code=exited, status=127)
 Main PID: 1696 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─1710 sshd: root@pts/0
 ├─1712 -bash
 └─1789 systemctl status sshd
 
3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: sshd.service:
control process exited, code=exited status=127
3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: Failed to start
OpenSSH server daemon.
3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: Unit sshd.service
entered failed state.
3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: sshd.service failed.
那就启动一下看看，发现启动不了，那就重新安装一下 ssh 服务，发现 yum 用不了：
# yum 
There was a problem importing one
of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error
leading to this problem was:
 
libsasl2.so.2: cannot open shared
object file: No such file or directory
 
Please install a package which
provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed
correctly.
 
It's possible that the above module
doesn't match the
current version of Python, which
is:
2.7.5 (default, Nov 20 2015,
02:00:19) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat
4.8.5-4)]
 
If you cannot solve this problem
yourself, please go to 
the yum faq at:
 http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq
不行就重新安装一下 yum 看看，看看 rpm 安装了什么版本的 yum，好吧
rpm 也用不了：
# rpm -qa|grep yum
grep: error while loading shared
libraries: libpcre.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
搜索引擎搜索，发现只要做个软连接就可以了：
# ls -l /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 3月 15 14:14 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so
-> libsasl2.so.3.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 3月 15 14:12 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3
-> libsasl2.so.3.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 121296 11月 21 2015 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3.0.0
# ln -s /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3.0.0 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.2
# yum
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to give some command
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND
 
List of Commands:
 
check Check for problems in the
rpmdb
check-update Check for available
package updates
clean Remove cached data
deplist List a package's
dependencies
libpcre.so.0 也软连接一下，都恢复正常了：
# ls -l /usr/lib64/libpcre.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 3月 15 14:13 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so ->
libpcre.so.1.2.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 3月 15 14:12 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1
-> libpcre.so.1.2.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 398272 11月 20 2015 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1.2.0
# ln -s /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1.2.0 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.0
# rpm -qa|grep yum
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch
发现再启动 ssh 服务也可以正常启动了，可以愉快地连接了。
整个升级过程差不多就告一段落了，再继续升级或做一些收尾的工作，比如上面升级时提示存在的哪些问题，然后再执行：
#查看残留的 CentOS 6.x 的文件包
rpm -qa | grep -i el6
查看一下残留的 CentOS 6.x 的文件包，不用的就卸载或卸载后重新安装 CentOS 7.x 的版本，这里就又遇到一个问题：grep 包还是 CentOS 6.x 的版本（虽然不影响使用）且版本号比当前 CentOS 7.x 的版本的版本还高，并且有大量其他包依赖此包，这时候就可以使用 yum 的软件包降版本命令：
yum downgrade grep
1
yum update 更新过程中报错
Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64
(epel)
           Requires: libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
Error: Package:
gnutls-3.3.26-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
           Requires: libnettle.so.4()(64bit)
           Removing: nettle-2.7.1-4.el7.x86_64
(installed)
               libnettle.so.4()(64bit)
           Updated By: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64
(epel)
              ~libnettle.so.6()(64bit)
           Available: nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64
(base)
               libnettle.so.4()(64bit)
Error: Package:
gnutls-3.3.26-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
           Requires: libhogweed.so.2()(64bit)
           Removing: nettle-2.7.1-4.el7.x86_64
(installed)
               libhogweed.so.2()(64bit)
           Updated By: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64
(epel)
              ~libhogweed.so.4()(64bit)
           Available: nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64
(base)
               libhogweed.so.2()(64bit)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work
around the problem
** Found 28 pre-existing rpmdb
problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
elfutils-libs-0.163-3.el7.x86_64
has missing requires of elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = ('0', '0.163', '3.el7')
libgcj-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of krb5-libs(x86-64) = ('0', '1.10.3', '65.el6')
libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libkdb5.so.6()(64bit)
libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libkdb5.so.6(kdb5_6_MIT)(64bit)
ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-5.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-crypto-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-crypto-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-futures-3.0.3-1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-jinja2-2.7.3-1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-msgpack-0.4.6-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-msgpack-0.4.6-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-requests-2.6.0-4.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-requests-2.6.0-4.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python-ordereddict >= ('0', '1.1', None)
python-tornado-4.2.1-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-tornado-4.2.1-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-urllib3-1.10.2-3.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-urllib3-1.10.2-3.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python-ordereddict
python-zmq-14.5.0-2.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-zmq-14.5.0-2.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
1:redhat-upgrade-tool-0.7.22-3.el6.centos.noarch
has missing requires of preupgrade-assistant >= ('0', '1.0.2', '4')
1:redhat-upgrade-tool-0.7.22-3.el6.centos.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
salt-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has
missing requires of /usr/bin/python2.6
salt-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has
missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
salt-minion-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of /usr/bin/python2.6
这是由于EPEL版本不对导致的，依次执行下面的命令就好了
yum remove epel-release
yum --enablerepo=extras install
epel-release
yum clean all
执行完上面的命令后有可能还会报下面的错
** Found 28 pre-existing rpmdb
problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
elfutils-libs-0.163-3.el7.x86_64
has missing requires of elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = ('0', '0.163', '3.el7')
libgcj-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of krb5-libs(x86-64) = ('0', '1.10.3', '65.el6')
libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libkdb5.so.6()(64bit)
libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libkdb5.so.6(kdb5_6_MIT)(64bit)
ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)
python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-5.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-crypto-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-crypto-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-futures-3.0.3-1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-jinja2-2.7.3-1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-msgpack-0.4.6-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-msgpack-0.4.6-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-requests-2.6.0-4.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-requests-2.6.0-4.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python-ordereddict >= ('0', '1.1', None)
python-tornado-4.2.1-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-tornado-4.2.1-1.el6.x86_64
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-urllib3-1.10.2-3.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
python-urllib3-1.10.2-3.el6.noarch
has missing requires of python-ordereddict
python-zmq-14.5.0-2.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)
python-zmq-14.5.0-2.el6.x86_64 has
missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
1:redhat-upgrade-tool-0.7.22-3.el6.centos.noarch
has missing requires of preupgrade-assistant >= ('0', '1.0.2', '4')
1:redhat-upgrade-tool-0.7.22-3.el6.centos.noarch
has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
salt-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has
missing requires of /usr/bin/python2.6
salt-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has
missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)
salt-minion-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch
has missing requires of /usr/bin/python2.6
这是由于python相关的包不对导致的可以先卸载上面的python包，然后在重装就好了
#卸载python-urllib3
yum remove python-urllib3 -y
#安装python-urllib3
yum install python-urllib3 -y
我的没有这个包；
百度了一圈，有的说是安装包冲突导致的；然后卸载掉冲突的包再执行就OK啦！
比如：yum -y remove grub2-common*  openldap
注意：当卸载掉openldap后，出现了yum、sshd奔溃的问题；
yum命令后出现libldap-2.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file
# yum
There was a problem importing one
of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error
leading to this problem was:
 
 
 libldap-2.4.so.2: cannot open
shared object file: No such file or directory
 
Please install a package which
provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed
correctly.

解决方案：

下载如下一些包（我的系统是centos7的），辛亏提前安装了wget，通外网；要不然就惨了

# wget http://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/ftp.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/6.4/x86_64/updates/fastbugs/openldap-2.4.23-32.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -ivh --force --nodeps
openldap-2.4.23-32.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm

warning:
openldap-2.4.23-32.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID
192a7d7d: NOKEY

Preparing...               
########################################### [100%]

  
1:openldap              
########################################### [100%]

然后yum就好使了！

最后一个问题是：

网卡启动失败，但是ip地址获取正常

Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking.

解决方案：

造成网卡不能使用的原因是，系统后MAC地址已经更改但是在系统内部的配置文件还没有更，这就导致了真实的MAC地址与配置文件中的MAC地址不一致。

第一种办法直接关闭NetworManager

systemctl stop NetworkManager centos7系统没启动这个服务

第二种办法修改配置文件

/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules只要70-persistent-net.rules配置文件中的MAC地址与ifcfg-xxx的MAC地址相同就可以了。但是我打开70-persistent-net.rules配置文件发现配置文件全是注释，然后就直接在ifcfg-xxx文件中添加了HWADDR=MAC 对应的MAC地址。
修改完配置文件后发现还是提示错误。

vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 网卡中添加了也不好使

第三种办法

使用这一条命令将清除协议地址，尽然还是不管用，无奈之下重启系统，发现重启后网络服务恢复正常。

ip addr flush dev ens33/eth0 这个方法是可以成功解决问题的

Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking 的报错就是因为升级后真实的MAC地址与配置文件的MAC地址不相符造成的，使用以上三种办法试着解决。最后不要忘了重启系统。

四、 参考文档

https://blog.51cto.com/sky9896/2475359

https://www.jianshu.com/p/e44b274efb83

白驹过隙，当看到比你优秀的人比你还努力的时候，你也会越来越优秀，相信越努力越幸运！

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