介绍
正则表达式用来描述或者匹配符合规则的字符串。它的用法和like比较相似,但是它又比like更强大,能够实现一些很特殊的规则匹配;正则表达式需要使用REGEXP命令,匹配上返回"1"匹配不上返回"0",REGEXP相当于like '%%'。
命令
说明
^
在字符的开启处进行匹配
$
在字符的末尾处进行匹配
.
匹配任何字符(包括回车和新行)
[….]
匹配括号内的任意单个字符
[m-n]
匹配m到n之间的任意单个字符,例如[0-9],[a-z],[A-Z]
[^..]
不能匹配括号内的任意单个字符
a*
匹配0个或多个a,包括空
a+
匹配一个或多个a,不包括空
a?
匹配一个或0个a
a1| a2
匹配a1或a2
a{m}
匹配m个a
a{m,}
匹配m个或者更多个a
a{m,n}
匹配m到n个a
a{,n}
匹配0到n个a
(….)
将模式元素组成单一元素,例如(do)*意思是匹配0个多或多个do
^
在字符串开始处进行匹配
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '^a';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '^a' |
+-------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
$
在字符串末尾开始匹配
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'a$';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP 'a$' |
+-------------------+
| 0 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01sec)
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'c$';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP 'c$' |
+-------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
.
匹配任意字符
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '.a';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '.a' |
+-------------------+
| 0 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '.b';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '.b' |
+-------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '.c';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '.c' |
+-------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'a.';+-------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP 'a.' |
+-------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[...]
匹配括号内的任意单个字符
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '[xyz]';+----------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '[xyz]' |
+----------------------+
| 0 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '[xaz]';+----------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '[xaz]' |
+----------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[^...]:注意^符合只有在[]内才是取反的意思,在别的地方都是表示开始处匹配
匹配不出括号没的任意个字符,注意:REGEXP 前的匹配字符作为一个整体
mysql> SELECT 'a' REGEXP '[^abc]';+---------------------+
| 'a' REGEXP '[^abc]' |
+---------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'x' REGEXP '[^abc]';+---------------------+
| 'x' REGEXP '[^abc]' |
+---------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '[^a]';+---------------------+
| 'abc' REGEXP '[^a]' |
+---------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
'abc'作为一个整体,所以它匹配不了a
a*
匹配0个或多个a,包括空字符串。
mysql> SELECT 'stab' REGEXP '.ta*b';
+-----------------------+
| 'stab' REGEXP '.ta*b' |
+-----------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT 'stb' REGEXP '.ta*b';
+----------------------+
| 'stb' REGEXP '.ta*b' |
+----------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT '' REGEXP 'a*';+----------------+
| '' REGEXP 'a*' |
+----------------+
| 1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
a+
匹配1个或者多个a,但是不包括空字符
mysql> SELECT 'stab' REGEXP '.ta+b';+-----------------------+
| 'stab' REGEXP '.ta+b' |
+-----------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'stb' REGEXP '.ta+b';+----------------------+
| 'stb' REGEXP '.ta+b' |
+----------------------+
| 0 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
a?
匹配0个或者1个a
mysql> SELECT 'stb' REGEXP '.ta?b';+----------------------+
| 'stb' REGEXP '.ta?b' |
+----------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'stab' REGEXP '.ta?b';+-----------------------+
| 'stab' REGEXP '.ta?b' |
+-----------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'staab' REGEXP '.ta?b';+------------------------+
| 'staab' REGEXP '.ta?b' |
+------------------------+
| 0 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
a1|a2
匹配a1或者a2,
mysql> SELECT 'a' REGEXP 'a|b';+------------------+
| 'a' REGEXP 'a|b' |
+------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'b' REGEXP 'a|b';+------------------+
| 'b' REGEXP 'a|b' |
+------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'b' REGEXP '^(a|b)';+---------------------+
| 'b' REGEXP '^(a|b)' |
+---------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'a' REGEXP '^(a|b)';+---------------------+
| 'a' REGEXP '^(a|b)' |
+---------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'c' REGEXP '^(a|b)';+---------------------+
| 'c' REGEXP '^(a|b)' |
+---------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意:^符合只有在[]内才是取反的意思,在别的地方都是表示开始处匹配
a{m}
匹配m个a
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4}c';+--------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4}c' |
+--------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3}c';+--------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3}c' |
+--------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
a{m,}
匹配m个或者更多个a
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,}c';+---------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,}c' |
+---------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,}c';+---------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,}c' |
+---------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,}c';+---------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,}c' |
+---------------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
a{m,n}
匹配m到n个a,包含m和n
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,5}c';+----------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,5}c' |
+----------------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,5}c';+----------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,5}c' |
+----------------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,10}c';+-----------------------------+
| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,10}c' |
+-----------------------------+
| 0 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
a{,n}
这个暂时还没有测出来,意思应该不是匹配0到n个a,如果是表达0到n个a也可以用{0,n}代替
(abc)
将abc作为一个序列匹配,不用括号括起来都是用单个字符去匹配,如果要把多个字符作为一个整体去匹配就需要用到括号,所以括号适合上面的所有情况。
mysql> SELECT 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(abab)y';+----------------------------+
| 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(abab)y' |
+----------------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab)*y';+---------------------------+
| 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab)*y' |
+---------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> SELECT 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab){1,2}y';+-------------------------------+
| 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab){1,2}y' |
+-------------------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
总结
特别要注意最后的()的命令,如果不使用()那么所有的都是指单个字符去做匹配,如果需要使用多个字符作为一个整体去匹配就需要将多个字符使用()给括起来