ABAP CORRESPONDING 新语法 abap语法手册

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人类新新 2024-04-29 17:54:41

作者:admin 日期:2005-11-09

如何设置字段串和使用字段串？
DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
STREET(20) TYPE C,
NUMBER TYPE P,
POSTCODE(5) TYPE N,
CITY(20) TYPE C,
END OF ADDRESS.该示例定义了一个长度为73的字段串ADDRESS。可以通过ADDRESS-NAME、ADDRESS-STREET等定址组件。可以将长字段串的声明收集在包括程序中。但是，如果频繁使用该数据结构，则最好将它们保存在ABAP/4词典中。

13．LIKE参数，语法如下：DATA LIKE .利用LIKE参数，可以将已定义数据对象的数据类型分配给变量。
LIKE参数常用于附属字段以临时保存数据库字段的内容。如果更改数据库字段的属性，则系统自动改写备份字段的属性。可将任何数据对象用于。利用LIKE参数，可以引用在ABAP/4词典中声明的数据对象的数据类型。如： DATA NUMBER_1 TYPE P.
DATA NUMBER_2 LIKE NUMBER_1.
DATA MYNAME LIKE SY-UNAME.
14．STATICS 语句：如果要在过程的运行时间之外仍保留某变量的数值，可以在该过程中利用STATICS语句定义该变量。STATICS语句是DATA语句的变异。语法如下: STATICS [] [] [].要在过程中将字段串定义为静态有效，请写：
STATICS: BEGIN OF ,
,
..............
END OF .
15．TABLES语句：TABLES 利用TABLES语句,可以创建称为表工作区的数据对象。表工作区是参考ABAP/4词典对象的字段串。是ABAP/4词典对象的名称，同时也是创建的表工作区的名称。表工作区组件的顺序和名称与在ABAP/4词典中声明的对象相同。要在ABAP/4词典中创建对象，步骤：Tools->ABAP Workbench->Development->ABAP Dictionary。表工作区提供一个接口，通过该接口可以将数据从数据库表加载到程序，或利用开放式SQL语句修改数据库表的内容。要显示表的组件及其数据类型的列表，请在ABAP/4编辑器的命令行中(选择“编辑->其它功能->命令输入”)键入“SHOW”。要定址表工作区的组件，可以将表名作为前缀，然后用连字符添加组件：dbtab>-例子：TABLES: SPFLI.
Select * FROM SPFLI.
WRITE: SPFLI-MANDT, SPFLI-CARRID, SPFLI-CONNID, ......
ENDSelect.示例中，TABLES语句创建表工作区SPFLI。SPFLI与ABAP/4词典中声明的数据库表SPFLI结构相同。在Select循环中，用属于数据库表SPFLI的行填充表工作区SPFLI。

15．TYPES语句：使用TYPES语句创建用户定义的基本数据类型和结构化数据类型。
TYPES: SURNAME(20) TYPE C,
BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
NAME TYPE SURNAME,
....
END OF ADDRESS.通过TYPES定义的类型不能直接使用，需要通过DATA进行定义其对应的变量后，使用其变量。
DATA: ADDRESS_1 TYPE ADDRESS,
ADDRESS_2 TYPE ADDRESS.
16．内表示例：下列程序是有关如何将结构化数据对象声明为内表的示例。
PROGRAM SAPMZTST.
TYPES: BEGIN OF MYSTRING,
NUMBER TYPE I,
NAME(10) TYPE C,
END OF MYSTRING.
TYPES MYTAB TYPE MYSTRING OCCURS 5.
DATA STRING TYPE MYSTRING.
DATA ITAB TYPE MYTAB.
STRING-NUMBER = 1. STRING-NAME = 'John'.
APPEND STRING TO ITAB.
STRING-NUMBER = 2. STRING-NAME = 'Paul'.
APPEND STRING TO ITAB.
STRING-NUMBER = 3. STRING-NAME = 'Ringo'.
APPEND STRING TO ITAB.
STRING-NUMBER = 4. STRING-NAME = 'George'.
APPEND STRING TO ITAB.
LOOP AT ITAB INTO STRING.
WRITE: / STRING-NUMBER,STRING-NAME.
ENDLOOP.该程序在屏幕上产生下列输出：
1 John
2 Paul
3 Ringo
4 George示例中，首先将数据类型MYSTRING定义为字段串。然后，根据字段串MYSTRING，用TYPES语句的OCCURS参数将数据类型MYTAB定义为内表。利用数据类型MYSTRING和MYTAB声明数据对象STRING和ITAB。然后逐行填充内表ITAB的字段。通过使用字段串STRING，在屏幕上显示ITAB的内容。
17．TYPE或TYPES所定义的变量不能直接赋值，只能通过DATA针对TYPE所定义的用户类型进行定义变量，然后使用这个变量。
18．如何确定数据对象的长度？
Data: text(8),len type i. //定义了两个变量
Describe field text length len. //将变量text的长度存放于变量len中
Write len. //打印变量text的长度值
19．如何确定数据对象的类型？
DATA: TEXT(8) TYPE N, TYP. //定义了两个变量TEXT和TYP
DESCRIBE FIELD TEXT TYPE TYP. //将变量TEXT的类型存放于变量TYP中　
WRITE TYP. //打印变量TEXT的类型
19．如何确定数据对象的输出长度？
Data: text type f, len type I, out-len type i. //定义了三个变量
Describe field text length len output-length out-len. //将变量text的长度存放于变量中
Write: len,out-len. //打印变量text的长度值
20．如何确定数据对象的小数位数？
Data: text type p decimals 2,dec. //定义了两个变量
Describe field text decimals dec. //将变量text的长度存放于变量中
Write: dec . //打印变量text的长度值
21．如何确定转换例程？
Data: text type n, exam type i. //定义了两个变量
Describe field text edit mask i. //将变量text的长度存放于变量中
Write: i . //打印变量text的长度值三、 TERNAL TABLES 内表为了在内存中处理多条记录，不能使用结构，而要使用INTERNAL TABLE 他有三种形式：lSTANDARD TABLESlSORTED TABLESlHASHED TABLE我们将只讨论STANDARD TABLE
1、DECLARING INERTAL TABLES 参照字典内表类型
DATA itab_flightinfo TYPE abc400_t_sbc400focc [with header line].
2、程序中的本地表类型 SYNTAX (语法)
TYPES: flightinfo_type
TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF sbc400focc
WITH NON-UNIQUE KEY carrid connid fldate .
DATA itab_flightinfo TYPE flightinfo_type .
3、使用BEGIN…END OF *******
DATA： BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 0 ,
*Carrid like scarr-carrid,
*Carrname like scarr-carrname,
NAME(20),
AGE TYPE I,
……
END OF itab .
itab-NAME = 'Michael'.
itab-AGE = 25.
APPEND itab. *插入内表数据
itab-NAME = 'Gabriela'.
itab-AGE = 22.
APPEND itab.
4、EXAMPLE ：将内表数据显示方法：
3-4-1、使用LOOP
*先申明内表和工作区（结构）declaration of internal table and workarea
DATA: itab_flightinfo TYPE sbc400_t_sbc400focc, *参照字典内表
Wa_flightinfo Like line of itab_flightinfo .
*参照内表结构声明结构（工作区）

Itab_flightinfo TYPE [WITH HEADER LINE] .
*用工作区与带表头内表的操作区别：
EXAMPLE:
STRUTURES AND ASSIGNING VALUE
/h 打开调试模式
program code :
REPORT sapbc400tss_itab_loop .
DATA: it_spfli TYPE sbc400_t_spfli. * sbc400_t_spfli为数据字典内表
DATA: wa_spfli TYPE spfli. *参照透明表定义结构（工作区）（tables wa_spfli .）
START-OF-SelectION.
Select * FROM spfli INTO TABLE it_spfli.
* at least one dataset selected
IF sy-subrc = 0.
* move each single dataset from internal table to structure WA_SPFLI in
* order to write data on list
LOOP AT it_spfli INTO wa_spfli.
WRITE: / wa_spfli-carrid,
wa_spfli-connid,
wa_spfli-cityfrom,
wa_spfli-cityto,
wa_spfli-deptime,
wa_spfli-arrtime.
ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.

EXAMPLE 2：
REPORT sapbc400dds_select_sflight_tab .
DATA: wa_flight TYPE sbc400focc,
it_flight TYPE sbc400_t_sbc400focc.
PARAMETERS: pa_car TYPE s_carr_id.
START-OF-SelectION.
*Select all datasets from database table SFLIGHT corresponding to
*carrier PA_CAR
Select carrid connid fldate seatsmax seatsocc FROM sflight
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight
Where carrid = pa_car.
*Calculate occupation of each flight
wa_flight-percentage =
100 * wa_flight-seatsocc / wa_flight-seatsmax.
* Insert single line into internal table
Insert wa_flight INTO TABLE it_flight.
* Alternatively, you could use the APPEND statement,
* if you are using standard tables:
*
* APPEND wa_flight TO it_flight.
*
ENDSelect.

*sort internal table
SORT it_flight BY percentage.
*Create List from sorted internal table
LOOP AT it_flight INTO wa_flight.
WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid,
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsocc,
wa_flight-seatsmax,
wa_flight-percentage,'%'.
ENDLOOP. 补充：
NODES：spfli,sflight.定义一个与后面表名结构相同的工作区原来用TABLES，现在此法也兼容。更新数据库表格nUpdate
1、使用工作区更新
Update FROM .
2、针对于某个字段的更新
Update SET =… Where .nMODIFY FROM .根据Primary Key寻找数据库中符合条件的记录，若找到则更新相应字段的值，若找不到则新增该记录。nDelete
1、使用工作区删除
Delete FROM .
2、有条件地删除
Delete FROM Where .

abap4 SelectION-SCREEN

BC400
USER Dialog : SelectION SCREENS 涉及内容：概念： PARAMETERS -- SINGLE FIELDS
Select-OPTION --- VALUE SETS 事件：INITIALIZATION
AT SelectTION-SCREEN系统参数：MESSAGE 格式命令：
***注：程序显示行号参考最下图

SAMPLE 1 ：SAPBC400DDD_Select_SINGLE
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report SAPBC400DDD_Select_SINGLE *
*& reading form database = Select SINGLE *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT sapbc400ddd_select_single .
* workarea for datas from the database
DATA wa_scarr TYPE scarr.
PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE s_carr_id.
START-OF-SelectION.
* reading from database
Select SINGLE * FROM scarr
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_scarr
Where
* specify all key fields in Where clause
* client is specified by the system
carrid = pa_car.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
* Output
WRITE: / wa_scarr-carrid,
wa_scarr-carrname,
wa_scarr-currcode.
else .
write: / text-001 color col_negative.
ENDIF.

SAMPLE 2：SAPBC400UDS_SEL_SCREEN
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report SAPBC400UDS_SEL_SCREEN *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT sapbc400uds_sel_screen.
CONSTANTS: actvt_display TYPE activ_auth VALUE '03'.

DATA: wa_flight TYPE sbc400focc,
wa_sbook TYPE sbook.
PARAMETERS: pa_car like wa_flight-carrid.
* Data field for complex restrictions applied to connection id
Select-OPTIONS: so_con FOR wa_flight-connid.
* First event processed after leaving the selection screen
AT SelectION-SCREEN.
AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'S_CARRID'
ID 'CARRID' FIELD pa_car
ID 'ACTVT' FIELD actvt_display.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
* Show selection screen again and show message in status bar
MESSAGE ID 'BC400' TYPE 'E' NUMBER '045' WITH pa_car.
ENDIF.
START-OF-SelectION.
Select carrid connid fldate seatsmax seatsocc FROM sflight
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight
Where carrid = pa_car
AND connid IN so_con.
wa_flight-percentage =
100 * wa_flight-seatsocc / wa_flight-seatsmax.
WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid,
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsocc,
wa_flight-seatsmax,
wa_flight-percentage,'%'.
HIDE: wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate.
ENDSelect.
CLEAR wa_flight.
AT LINE-SelectION.
IF sy-lsind = 1.
WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate.
ULINE.
SKIP.
Select bookid customid custtype class order_date
smoker cancelled loccuram loccurkey
FROM sbook INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_sbook
Where carrid = wa_flight-carrid
AND connid = wa_flight-connid
AND fldate = wa_flight-fldate.
WRITE: / wa_sbook-bookid,
wa_sbook-customid,
wa_sbook-custtype,
wa_sbook-class,
wa_sbook-order_date,
wa_sbook-smoker,
wa_sbook-cancelled,
wa_sbook-loccuram CURRENCY wa_sbook-loccurkey,
wa_sbook-loccurkey.
ENDSelect.
ENDIF.
CLEAR: wa_flight, wa_sbook. 注意：
1、各类事件出发的时间
2、选择屏幕也是screen program 屏幕的一种一个报表样例

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZSD_LONG *
*& *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& 基础参考下载 *
*& *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ZSD_LONG MESSAGE-ID zmsgtest line-size 120 .
****************************************************************
***数据段声明表
tables : MAKT, "material table
VBAK, "sale order header table
VBAP, "sale order item table
KNA1. "address table
***数据段声明结构以便内表使用
data: begin of it_addr occurs 0, "12/01 add
name1 like KNA1-name1, "com name
ORT01 like KNA1-ORT01, "city,
STRAS like KNA1-STRAS, " city,street
end of it_addr. "12/01 add
data : begin of it_header occurs 0,
vbeln like VBAK-vbeln, "sale order no
kunnr like VBAK-kunnr, "sale to
erdat like VBAK-erdat, "created date
addr like it_addr, "12/01 rewrite str可以嵌套
* addr like KNA1-ADRNR, "customer addr old
bukrs like vbak-BUKRS_VF, "com code
end of it_header.
data : begin of it_item occurs 0,
vbeln like vbap-vbeln, "sale order no
matnr like vbap-matnr, "material no
kwmeng like vbap-kwmeng, "sale item quanity
* zmeng like vbap-zmeng, "sale quanity
ZIEME like vbap-ZIEME, "unit
netwr like vbap-netwr, "sale netprice
WAERK like vbap-WAERK, "currency
maktx like makt-maktx, "material description
end of it_item.
data : l_list type i. "output linenum
****************************************************************
***输入屏幕范围选择输入
Selection-screen begin of block b1 WITH FRAME title text-001.
Select-options: s_vbeln for VBAK-vbeln,
s_erdat for VBAK-erdat,
s_kunnr for VBAK-kunnr,
s_ernam for VBAK-ernam, "created by
s_bukrs for vbak-BUKRS_VF. "com code
***checkbox and required field
PARAMETER: P_run type d. " OBLIGATORY. OBLIGATORY:必须输入字段
PARAMETER: P_chk TYPE C AS CHECKBOX . "DEFAULT 'X'默认值.
Selection-screen end of block b1.
****************************************************************
***use customizing messag .when use at clause return has no use
**AT SelectION-SCREEN ON s_vbeln.
* if
** s_vbeln-high s_vbeln-low .
* message i000 .
* return.
* endif.
****************************************************************
***处理段以Form调用
start-of-selection.
SET PF-STATUS '0001'. "用户菜单 12/01 改v1
*AUTHORITY CHECK object id 'in object' field 'the field to be auth'
AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'FW_ORD_BUK'
ID 'BUKRS' FIELD vbak-BUKRS_VF.
*简单控制运行时间 11/30改 v1
if P_chk <> 'X' and P_run = 0.
message i002.
else.
if P_chk = 'X'. "注意区分大小写
perform data_retrieve.
perform output_data.
else.
if P_run < sy-DATLO.
message i001.
else.
if P_run = sy-DATLO. "用户时间
* 没实现控制程序按照计划时间运行
perform data_retrieve.
perform output_data.
endif.
endif.
endif.
endif.
***注意：用户定义菜单sy-ucomm包含了双击事件所以两者不能同时使用
*** 可以通过修改系统select事件功能F2 达到选择行，从而响应的目的
*** 不再使用at LINE-SelectION与hide 这样问题解决一小半，
*** 用户菜单、双击可以共存，但不能根据行号来响应。
****用户自定义菜单 12/01 改 v1
*at user-command.
* CASE SY-UCOMM.
* WHEN 'quit'.
* leave program .
* when 'back'.
* return.
* when 'SELLINE'. "双击选择行单一响应
* write: / 'line one'.
* ENDCASE.
****用户自定义菜单 12/01 改v2 注意每次修改要激活,不然不可用
*** 通过case嵌套只不使用at LINE-SelectION这样问题解决一半
*** 可响应不同行，但不能根据不同订单的行而不同响应
at user-command. "用户菜单事件sy-ucomm
CASE SY-UCOMM.
WHEN 'quit'. "quit 是菜单编辑中的CODE text则是菜单显示
* leave. "离开当前程序同leave program作用.
* exit用于do while loop select的退出.
* leave program .
*离开当前整个程序,但可能还在当前当前事务.类似的leave screen
*其他:LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING.
*LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING [可以加 AND RETURN TO SCREEN scr]
* LEAVE TO CURRENT TRANSACTION.
*离开当前程序及所在事务,返回当前事务的前一事务处理.
*可以后带 AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN
LEAVE TO TRANSACTION 'SE38'.
*离开当前处理,转到指定事务se38事务
*可以后带 AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN 类似的leave to SCREEN scr.
when 'back'.
return. "无论任何状况,直接返回前一程序处理
when others.
case l_list. "case可以嵌套
when '1'.
write: / 'line one'.
when '2'.
write: / 'line 2'.
when '3'.
write: / 'line 3'.
when others.
write:/'wrong'.
endcase.
ENDCASE.
***method1 使用双击事件响应
*AT LINE-SelectION.
* case l_list.
* when '1'.
* write: / 'line one'.
* when '2'.
* write: / 'line 2'.
* when '3'.
* write: / 'line 3'.
* when others.
* write:/'wrong'.
* endcase.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form data_retrieve
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*FORM data_retrieve .
*
* select vbeln kunnr erdat ernam
* appending table it_header &q