DHCP中继实验兼报文分析
实验拓扑:
配置如下:
RT5
version 12.3
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname rt5
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
!
resource policy
!
memory-size iomem 5
ip subnet-zero
!
!
ip cef
no ip dhcp use vrf connected
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.100// 排除地址
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.11.1 192.168.11.100
!
ip dhcp pool vlan10 //给vlan10分配的地址和DNS
network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
dns-server 202.103.12.1
default-router 192.168.10.1
!
ip dhcp pool vlan11 //给vlan10分配的地址和DNS
network 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0
dns-server 202.103.12.1
default-router 192.168.11.1
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.12.200 255.255.255.0
!
router rip //此处亦可用静态路由指回去
version 2
network 192.168.12.0
no auto-summary
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 15
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 10
no login
!
end
SW1
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,8-12,1002-1005 //允许通过TRUNK的vlan
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,8-12,1002-1005
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
switchport access vlan 12
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
!
interface Vlan8
ip address 192.168.8.129 255.255.255.128
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 192.168.12.200 // 注意配置DHCP中继地址
!
interface Vlan11
ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 192.168.12.200
!
interface Vlan12
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.10.0
network 192.168.11.0
network 192.168.12.0
no auto-summary
报文分析:
通过抓包,我们发现其DHCP中继过程如下:
客户端—————————DHCP relay————————服务器
(1) dhcp discover(广播) dhcp discover (单播)
源0.0.0.0 目 255.255.255.255 源 192.168.10.1 目 192.168.12.200
(2) dhcp offer (广播) dhcp offer (单播)
(3) dhcp request (广播) dhcp request (单播)
(4) dhcp ack (广播) dhcp ack (单播)
其中 在(1)(2)中间 会有一个免费icmp报文,发给要分配的IP地址,以测试其是否被占用。
要点:1. dhcp 采用udp封装
2. dhcp sever 端口号67 dhcp client 端口号 68
3. 地址使用租期达到50%,发送单播 dhcp request。使用租期达到87.5%发送广播dhcp request报文。
4.dhcp 地址分配优先级:(1)自己正在用的地址(老地址)(2)最先查找到得地址 (3)未找到可用地址,依次查询租期过期,发生冲突的地址,找到可用的进行分配。
5.免费的ICMP