xx项目有于安全问题,需要对接口整体进行加密处理,额,摸摸头上飘摇着而稀疏的长发,感觉我爱了。

和产品、前端同学对外需求后,梳理了相关技术方案,主要的需求点如下:

  • 尽量少改动,不影响之前的业务逻辑;
  • 考虑到时间紧迫性,可采用对称性加密方式,服务需要对接安卓、IOS、H5三端,另外考虑到H5端存储密钥安全性相对来说会低一些,故分针对H5和安卓、IOS分配两套密钥;
  • 要兼容低版本的接口,后面新开发的接口可不用兼容;
  • 接口有GET和POST两种接口,需要都要进行加解密;

需求解析:

  • 服务端、客户端和H5统一拦截加解密,网上有成熟方案,也可以按其他服务中实现的加解密流程来搞;
  • 使用AES放松加密,考虑到H5端存储密钥安全性相对来说会低一些,故分针对H5和安卓、IOS分配两套密钥;
  • 本次涉及客户端和服务端的整体改造,经讨论,新接口统一加 /secret/ 前缀来区分

按本次需求来简单还原问题,定义两个对象,后面用得着,

用户类:

@Data  
public class User {  
    private Integer id;  
    private String name;  
    private UserType userType = UserType.COMMON;  
    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")  
    private LocalDateTime registerTime;  
}

用户类型枚举类:

@Getter  
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.OBJECT)  
public enum UserType {  
    VIP("VIP用户"),  
    COMMON("普通用户");  
    private String code;  
    private String type;  
  
    UserType(String type) {  
        this.code = name();  
        this.type = type;  
    }  
}

构造一个简单的用户列表查询示例:

@RestController  
@RequestMapping(value = {"/user", "/secret/user"})  
public class UserController {  
    @RequestMapping("/list")  
    ResponseEntity<List<User>> listUser() {  
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();  
        User u = new User();  
        u.setId(1);  
        u.setName("boyka");  
        u.setRegisterTime(LocalDateTime.now());  
        u.setUserType(UserType.COMMON);  
        users.add(u);  
        ResponseEntity<List<User>> response = new ResponseEntity<>();  
        response.setCode(200);  
        response.setData(users);  
        response.setMsg("用户列表查询成功");  
        return response;  
    }  
}

调用:localhost:8080/user/list

查询结果如下,没毛病:

{  
 "code": 200,  
 "data": [{  
  "id": 1,  
  "name": "boyka",  
  "userType": {  
   "code": "COMMON",  
   "type": "普通用户"  
  },  
  "registerTime": "2022-03-24 23:58:39"  
 }],  
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功"  
}

目前主要是利用ControllerAdvice来对请求和响应体进行拦截,主要定义SecretRequestAdvice对请求进行加密和SecretResponseAdvice对响应进行加密(实际情况会稍微复杂一点,项目中又GET类型请求,自定义了一个Filter进行不同的请求解密处理)。

好了,网上的ControllerAdvice使用示例非常多,我这把两个核心方法给大家展示看看,相信大佬们一看就晓得了,不需多言。上代码:

SecretRequestAdvice请求解密:

/**  
 * @description:  
 * @author: boykaff  
 */  
@ControllerAdvice  
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)  
@Slf4j  
public class SecretRequestAdvice extends RequestBodyAdviceAdapter {  
    @Override  
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass) {  
        return true;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException {  
        //如果支持加密消息,进行消息解密。  
        String httpBody;  
        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.get())) {  
            httpBody = decryptBody(inputMessage);  
        } else {  
            httpBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputMessage.getBody(), Charset.defaultCharset());  
        }  
        //返回处理后的消息体给messageConvert  
        return new SecretHttpMessage(new ByteArrayInputStream(httpBody.getBytes()), inputMessage.getHeaders());  
    }  
  
    /**  
     * 解密消息体  
     *  
     * @param inputMessage 消息体  
     * @return 明文  
     */  
    private String decryptBody(HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException {  
        InputStream encryptStream = inputMessage.getBody();  
        String requestBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(encryptStream, Charset.defaultCharset());  
        // 验签过程  
        HttpHeaders headers = inputMessage.getHeaders();  
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("clientType"))  
                || CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("timestamp"))  
                || CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("salt"))  
                || CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("signature"))) {  
            throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "请求解密参数错误,clientType、timestamp、salt、signature等参数传递是否正确传递");  
        }  
  
        String timestamp = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("timestamp")).get(0));  
        String salt = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("salt")).get(0));  
        String signature = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("signature")).get(0));  
        String privateKey = SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.get();  
        ReqSecret reqSecret = JSON.parseObject(requestBody, ReqSecret.class);  
        String data = reqSecret.getData();  
        String newSignature = "";  
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(privateKey)) {  
            newSignature = Md5Utils.genSignature(timestamp + salt + data + privateKey);  
        }  
        if (!newSignature.equals(signature)) {  
            // 验签失败  
            throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "验签失败,请确认加密方式是否正确");  
        }  
  
        try {  
            String decrypt = EncryptUtils.aesDecrypt(data, privateKey);  
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(decrypt)) {  
                decrypt = "{}";  
            }  
            return decrypt;  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            log.error("error: ", e);  
        }  
        throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "解密失败");  
    }  
}

SecretResponseAdvice响应加密:

@ControllerAdvice  
public class SecretResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {  
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SecretResponseAdvice.class);  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class aClass) {  
        return true;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object o, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class aClass, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {  
        // 判断是否需要加密  
        Boolean respSecret = SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.get();  
        String secretKey = SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.get();  
        // 清理本地缓存  
        SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.remove();  
        SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.remove();  
        if (null != respSecret && respSecret) {  
            if (o instanceof ResponseBasic) {  
                // 外层加密级异常  
                if (SECRET_API_ERROR == ((ResponseBasic) o).getCode()) {  
                    return SecretResponseBasic.fail(((ResponseBasic) o).getCode(), ((ResponseBasic) o).getData(), ((ResponseBasic) o).getMsg());  
                }  
                // 业务逻辑  
                try {  
                    String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o), secretKey);  
                    // 增加签名  
                    long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;  
                    int salt = EncryptUtils.genSalt();  
                    String dataNew = timestamp + "" + salt + "" + data + secretKey;  
                    String newSignature = Md5Utils.genSignature(dataNew);  
                    return SecretResponseBasic.success(data, timestamp, salt, newSignature);  
                } catch (Exception e) {  
                    logger.error("beforeBodyWrite error:", e);  
                    return SecretResponseBasic.fail(SECRET_API_ERROR, "", "服务端处理结果数据异常");  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        return o;  
    }  
}

OK, 代码Demo撸好了,试运行一波:

请求方法:

localhost:8080/secret/user/list  
  
header:  
Content-Type:application/json  
signature:55efb04a83ca083dd1e6003cde127c45  
timestamp:1648308048  
salt:123456  
clientType:ANDORID

body体:

// 原始请求体  
{  
 "page": 1,  
 "size": 10  
}  
// 加密后的请求体  
{  
 "data": "1ZBecdnDuMocxAiW9UtBrJzlvVbueP9K0MsIxQccmU3OPG92oRinVm0GxBwdlXXJ"  
}  
  
// 加密响应体:  
{  
    "data": "fxHYvnIE54eAXDbErdrDryEsIYNvsOOkyEKYB1iBcre/QU1wMowHE2BNX/je6OP3NlsCtAeDqcp7J1N332el8q2FokixLvdxAPyW5Un9JiT0LQ3MB8p+nN23pTSIvh9VS92lCA8KULWg2nViSFL5X1VwKrF0K/dcVVZnpw5h227UywP6ezSHjHdA+Q0eKZFGTEv3IzNXWqq/otx5fl1gKQ==",  
    "code": 200,  
    "signature": "aa61f19da0eb5d99f13c145a40a7746b",  
    "msg": "",  
    "timestamp": 1648480034,  
    "salt": 632648  
}  
  
// 解密后的响应体:  
{  
 "code": 200,  
 "data": [{  
  "id": 1,  
  "name": "boyka",  
  "registerTime": "2022-03-27T00:19:43.699",  
  "userType": "COMMON"  
 }],  
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功",  
 "salt": 0  
}

OK,客户端请求加密->发起请求->服务端解密->业务处理->服务端响应加密->客户端解密展示,看起来没啥问题,实际是头天下午花了2小时碰需求,差不多花1小时写好demo测试,然后对所有接口统一进行了处理,整体一下午赶脚应该行了吧,告诉H5和安卓端同学明儿上午联调(不小的大家到这个时候发现猫腻没有,当时确实疏忽了,翻了大车......)

次日,安卓端反馈,你这个加解密有问题,解密后的数据格式和之前不一样,仔细一看,擦,这个userType和registerTime是不对劲,开始思考:这个能是哪儿的问题呢?1s之后,初步定位,应该是响应体的JSON.toJSONString的问题:

String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o)),

Debug断点调试,果然,是JSON.toJSONString(o)这一步骤转换出了问题,那JSON转换时是不是有高级属性可以配置生成想要的序列化格式呢?

FastJson在序列化时提供重载方法,找到其中一个"SerializerFeature"参数可以琢磨一下,这个参数是可以对序列化进行配置的,它提供了很多配置类型,其中感觉这几个比较沾边:

WriteEnumUsingToString,  
WriteEnumUsingName,  
UseISO8601DateFormat

对枚举类型来说,默认是使用的WriteEnumUsingName(枚举的Name), 另一种WriteEnumUsingToString是重新toString方法,理论上可以转换成想要的样子,即这个样子:

@Getter  
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.OBJECT)  
public enum UserType {  
    VIP("VIP用户"),  
    COMMON("普通用户");  
    private String code;  
    private String type;  
  
    UserType(String type) {  
        this.code = name();  
        this.type = type;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String toString() {  
        return "{" +  
                "\"code\":\"" + name() + '\"' +  
                ", \"type\":\"" + type + '\"' +  
                '}';  
    }  
}

结果转换出来的数据是字符串类型"{"code":"COMMON", "type":"普通用户"}",这个方法好像行不通,还有什么好办法呢?

思前想后,看文章开始定义的User和UserType类,标记数据序列化格式@JsonFormat,再突然想起之前看到过的一些文章,SpringMVC底层默认是使用Jackson进行序列化的,那好了,就用Jacksong实施呗,将SecretResponseAdvice中的序列化方法替换一下:

String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o), secretKey);

换为:

String data =EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(o), secretKey);

重新运行一波,走起:

{  
 "code": 200,  
 "data": [{  
  "id": 1,  
  "name": "boyka",  
  "userType": {  
   "code": "COMMON",  
   "type": "普通用户"  
  },  
  "registerTime": {  
   "month": "MARCH",  
   "year": 2022,  
   "dayOfMonth": 29,  
   "dayOfWeek": "TUESDAY",  
   "dayOfYear": 88,  
   "monthValue": 3,  
   "hour": 22,  
   "minute": 30,  
   "nano": 453000000,  
   "second": 36,  
   "chronology": {  
    "id": "ISO",  
    "calendarType": "iso8601"  
   }  
  }  
 }],  
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功"  
}

解密后的userType枚举类型和非加密版本一样了,舒服了,== 好像还不对,registerTime怎么变成这个样子了?原本是"2022-03-24 23:58:39"这种格式的,Jackson之LocalDateTime转换,无需改实体类这篇文章讲到了这个问题,并提出了一种解决方案。

不过用在我们目前这个需求里面,就是有损改装了啊,不太可取,遂去Jackson官网上查找一下相关文档,当然Jackson也提供了ObjectMapper的序列化配置,重新再初始化配置ObjectMpper对象:

String DATE_TIME_FORMATTER = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";  
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder()  
       .findModulesViaServiceLoader(true)  
       .serializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(  
               DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMATTER)))  
       .deserializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(  
               DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMATTER)))  
       .build();

转换结果:

{  
 "code": 200,  
 "data": [{  
  "id": 1,  
  "name": "boyka",  
  "userType": {  
   "code": "COMMON",  
   "type": "普通用户"  
  },  
  "registerTime": "2022-03-29 22:57:33"  
 }],  
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功"  
}

OK,和非加密版的终于一致了,完了吗?感觉还是可能存在些什么问题,首先业务代码的时间序列化需求不一样,有"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"的,也有"yyyy-MM-dd"的,还可能其他配置思考不到位的,导致和之前非加密版返回数据不一致的问题,到时候联调测出来了也麻烦,有没有一劳永逸的办法呢?

同事一句话点亮我,看一下spring框架自身是怎么序列化的,照着配置应该就行嘛,好像有点道理。

跟着执行链路,找到具体的响应序列化,重点就是RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor

protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType, ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {  
        // 获取响应的拦截器链并执行beforeBodyWrite方法,也就是执行了我们自定义的SecretResponseAdvice中的beforeBodyWrite啦  
  body = this.getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType, converter.getClass(), inputMessage, outputMessage);  
  if (body != null) {  
      // 执行响应体序列化工作  
   if (genericConverter != null) {  
    genericConverter.write(body, (Type)targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);  
   } else {  
    converter.write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);  
   }  
    }

进而通过实例化的AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter对象找到执行序列化的核心方法

-> AbstractGenericHttpMessageConverter:  
   
 public final void write(T t, @Nullable Type type, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {  
        ...  
  this.writeInternal(t, type, outputMessage);  
  outputMessage.getBody().flush();  
       
    }  
 -> 找到Jackson序列化 AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter:  
 // 从spring容器中获取并设置的ObjectMapper实例  
 protected ObjectMapper objectMapper;  
   
 protected void writeInternal(Object object, @Nullable Type type, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {  
        MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
        JsonEncoding encoding = this.getJsonEncoding(contentType);  
        JsonGenerator generator = this.objectMapper.getFactory().createGenerator(outputMessage.getBody(), encoding);  
  
  this.writePrefix(generator, object);  
  Object value = object;  
  Class<?> serializationView = null;  
  FilterProvider filters = null;  
  JavaType javaType = null;  
  if (object instanceof MappingJacksonValue) {  
   MappingJacksonValue container = (MappingJacksonValue)object;  
   value = container.getValue();  
   serializationView = container.getSerializationView();  
   filters = container.getFilters();  
  }  
  
  if (type != null && TypeUtils.isAssignable(type, value.getClass())) {  
   javaType = this.getJavaType(type, (Class)null);  
  }  
  
  ObjectWriter objectWriter = serializationView != null ? this.objectMapper.writerWithView(serializationView) : this.objectMapper.writer();  
  if (filters != null) {  
   objectWriter = objectWriter.with(filters);  
  }  
  
  if (javaType != null && javaType.isContainerType()) {  
   objectWriter = objectWriter.forType(javaType);  
  }  
  
  SerializationConfig config = objectWriter.getConfig();  
  if (contentType != null && contentType.isCompatibleWith(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM) && config.isEnabled(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT)) {  
   objectWriter = objectWriter.with(this.ssePrettyPrinter);  
  }  
        // 重点进行序列化  
  objectWriter.writeValue(generator, value);  
  this.writeSuffix(generator, object);  
  generator.flush();  
    }

那么,可以看出SpringMVC在进行响应序列化的时候是从容器中获取的ObjectMapper实例对象,并会根据不同的默认配置条件进行序列化,那处理方法就简单了,我也可以从Spring容器拿数据进行序列化啊。SecretResponseAdvice进行如下进一步改造:

@ControllerAdvice  
public class SecretResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {  
  
    @Autowired  
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;  
       
      @Override  
    public Object beforeBodyWrite(....) {  
        .....  
        String dataStr =objectMapper.writeValueAsString(o);  
        String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(dataStr, secretKey);  
        .....  
    }  
 }

经测试,响应数据和非加密版万全一致啦,还有GET部分的请求加密,以及后面加解密惨遭跨域问题,后面有空再和大家聊聊。

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