esdump 备份

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mob64ca1419a401 2024-10-14 09:09:11

文章标签 esdump 备份推送 Ansible bash 文章分类 架构后端开发

Ansible ad-hoc

什么是ad-hoc？

ad-hoc简而言之就是“临时命令”，执行完即结束，并不会保存

ad-hoc模式的使用场景

比如在多台机器上查看某个进程是否启动，或拷贝指定文件到本地，等等

ad-hoc模式的命令使用

#批量查看磁盘信息
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'df -h' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0

web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0

#批量查看内存信息
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'free -m' -i ./hosts
web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1982         143        1688           9         150        1668
Swap:          1023           0        1023

web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1982         142        1684           9         155        1666
Swap:          1023           0        1023

ad-hoc结果返回颜色

绿色: 代表被管理端主机没有被修改
黄色: 代表被管理端主机发现变更
红色: 代表出现了故障，注意查看提示

ad-hoc常用模块

command             # 执行shell命令(不支持管道等特殊字符)
shell               # 执行shell命令
scripts             # 执行shell脚本
yum_repository      # 配置yum仓库
yum                 # 安装软件
copy                # 变更配置文件
file                # 建立目录或文件
service             # 启动与停止服务
mount               # 挂载设备
cron                # 定时任务
get_url             #下载软件
firewalld           #防火墙
selinux             #selinux

Ansible-doc帮助手册

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -l        # 查看所有模块说明
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc copy      # 查看指定模块方法
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s copy   # 查看指定模块参数

Ansible命令模块

command

# 默认模块, 执行命令
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -a "hostname"

shell

# 如果需要一些管道操作，则使用shell
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep nginx" -f 50

script

# 编写脚本
[root@m01 ~]# vim /root/yum.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
yum install -y vsftpd

#在本地运行模块，等同于在远程执行，不需要将脚本文件进行推送目标主机执行
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m script -a "/root/yum.sh"

Ansible软件管理模块

yum

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"
name                            
    httpd                       #指定要安装的软件包名称
    file://                     #指定本地安装路径（yum localinstall 本地rpm包）
    http://                     #指定yum源（从远程仓库获取rpm包）
    
state                           #指定使用yum的方法
    installed,present           #安装软件包
    removed,absent              #移除软件包
    latest                      #安装最新软件包
    

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc yum
exclude=kernel*,foo*            #排除某些包
list=ansible                    #类似于yum list查看是否可以安装
disablerepo="epel,ol7_latest"   #禁用指定的yum仓库
download_only=true              #只下载不安装 yum install d

yum_repository

#添加yum仓库
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a "name=zls_epel description=EPEL baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/" -i ./hosts

#仓库名和配置文件名不同
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no' -i ./hosts

#添加mirrorlist
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.repoforge.org/el7/mirrors-rpmforge enabled=no' -i ./hosts

#删除yum仓库及文件
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel file=test_zls state=absent' -i ./hosts

#开起gpgcheck
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=yes gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7' -i ./hosts

name        #指定仓库名，如果没有file则为仓库文件名
baseurl     #指定yum源
gpgcheck    #指定检查秘钥
    no
    yes

enabled     #是否启用仓库
    no
    yes

Ansible文件管理模块

对于文件管理，我们在学习Linux基础的时候，就学习了很多命令，比如创建，删除，移动，拷贝，下载...等

生产场景，统一配置管理

copy

# 推送文件模块
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/zls.txt"

# 在推送覆盖远程端文件前，对远端已有文件进行备份，按照时间信息备份
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/zls.txt backup=yes"

# 直接向远端文件内写入数据信息，并且会覆盖远端文件内原有数据信息
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "content='zls' dest=/tmp/zls.txt"

src             #推送数据的源文件信息
dest            #推送数据的目标路径
backup          #对推送传输过去的文件，进行备份
content         #直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容
group           #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息
owner           #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息
mode            #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息

file

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_dir state=directory"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_file state=touch mode=0555 owner=root group=root"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "src=/tmp/zls_dir path=/tmp/zls_dir_link state=link"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_dir state=directory owner=zls group=zls mode=0700 recurse=yes"

path            #指定远程主机目录或文件信息
recurse         #递归授权
state 
    directory   #在远端创建目录
    touch       #在远端创建文件
    link        #link或hard表示创建链接文件
    absent      #表示删除文件或目录
    mode        #设置文件或目录权限
    owner       #设置文件或目录属主信息
    group       #设置文件或目录属组信息

get_url

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp mode=0644' -i ./hosts

url             #指定下载地址
dest            #指定下载的目录
mode            #指定权限
checksum        #校验加密算法
    md5
    sha256

Ansible服务管理模块

service、systemd

#启动crond并加入开机自启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

#停止crond并删除开机自启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=stoped enabled=no"

name        # 定义要启动服务的名称
state       # 指定服务状态
    started     #启动服务
    stopped     #停止服务
    restarted   #重启服务
    reloaded    #重载服务
enabled         #开机自启

Ansible用户管理模块

Ansible管理用户与组，通常使用user、group模块

group

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m group -a "name=zls gid=888"

name            #指定创建的组名
gid             #指定组的gid
state
    absent      #移除远端主机的组
    present     #创建远端主机的组（默认）

user

#创建用户指定uid和gid，不创建家目录也不允许登陆
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=zls uid=888 group=888 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=false"

#创建用户并生成秘钥对
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=zls uid=888 group=root shell=/bin/bash generate_ssh_key=yes ssh_key_bits=2048 ssh_key_file=.ssh/id_rsa" -i ./hosts
web01 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 0,
    "home": "/home/zls",
    "name": "zls",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:WEMHCpSjxxqFwlzrCk1FqrPqeq6N/SHxL1gFTSqHlGM ansible-generated on web01 (RSA)",
    "ssh_key_file": "/home/zls/.ssh/id_rsa",
    "ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDRx+bCYGh4FqpKoPzyXrR8ef9GwoY6l6QEFQ0+XPynR22fd9Lbs1eUxWDm5aH4ZO8sPaI8a5xmj88Sipwl0FxlQTjD2X/vreZNEDbwFWrbZ24VvPkfPSSWBh5SxLH6pJt8pGQpPVWuLRMx6yOOxRB1hh9bGFzQNg5z8xqzeogTOoI7cxSFZVuUb5affNj8H5mCw2nAvblV+HNhRzbMlwr+9/EWcCWHDnlVYcELHXjpNJcyGB3VFOu1MPkmLaSTcaB73O0eRvZQkYMBePKJC44tvjHihGhvCk9rzh8qvzHxvMgoMD/+0uKAlIwEvOyfAczb7fxllU0rDtbyPtjbuLsR ansible-generated on web01",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false,
    "uid": 888
}
web02 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 0,
    "home": "/home/zls",
    "name": "zls",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:IepfOosi2Xm8kfr4nOPAhG3fec6o8kpMnJ0/RwN+0F8 ansible-generated on web02 (RSA)",
    "ssh_key_file": "/home/zls/.ssh/id_rsa",
    "ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDEcO9iDKg4X8ya/y9E0eDelAFMp/rxiDSzW31r+REawaQyF4oywcdIagpz0MTg2BeF2WdaYUmHmtmSTfSOMif26+R1FLcL9f9NYu3io/0388jukcTfyN02diXWgqoKtt4Gbm8Bq8sWE4tX/FSYl42fG6bX1AyDSMzzB7ERr2AD/Y9KuKt7cEXDinGjqTFEXw6+x1wBHpotkUisYiZCci+1Nx4YSznVRBveZTlpxMUYmKgwkUXQIt+RoOYzjgD++0md8O7lwJGgODZkahlrf2pOQnmpS4isLi9or4N+DVnqD+cXb/RjgJzPIJZYazgRY3vtAU9DDqm5i049x/VxEqFj ansible-generated on web02",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false,
    "uid": 888
}

#将明文密码进行hash加密，然后进行用户创建
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m debug -a "msg={{ 'zls' | password_hash('sha512', 'salt') }}" -i ./hosts
web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "msg": "$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/"
}
web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "msg": "$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/"
}

#创建用户
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a 'name=zls1 password=$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/ create_home=true shell=/bin/bash' -i ./hosts

uid             #指定用户的uid
group           #指定用户组名称
groups          #指定附加组名称
password        #给用户添加密码(单引号)
shell           #指定用户登录shell
create_home     #是否创建家目录

Ansible定时任务模块

cron

# 正常使用crond服务
[root@m01 ~]# crontab -l
* * * * *  /bin/sh /server/scripts/yum.sh

# 使用ansible添加一条定时任务
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "minute=* hour=* day=* month=* weekday=*  job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"

# 设置定时任务注释信息，防止重复，name设定
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='cron01' job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"

# 删除相应定时任务
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron02' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' state=absent"
 
# 注释相应定时任务，使定时任务失效
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' disabled=no"

Ansible磁盘挂载模块

mount

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172. 16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"

present     # 开机挂载，仅将挂载配置写入/etc/fstab
mounted     # 挂载设备，并将配置写入/etc/fstab
unmounted   # 卸载设备，不会清除/etc/fstab写入的配置
absent      # 卸载设备，会清理/etc/fstab写入的配置

Ansible防火墙模块

selinux

#修改配置文件关闭selinux，必须重启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m selinux -a 'state=disabled' -i ./hosts
 [WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'. State change will take effect next reboot.

web01 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
    "msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'",
    "policy": "targeted",
    "reboot_required": true,
    "state": "disabled"
}
web02 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
    "msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'",
    "policy": "targeted",
    "reboot_required": true,
    "state": "disabled"
}

#临时关闭
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'setenforce 0' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'getenforce' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Permissive

web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Permissive

firewalld

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled' -i ./hosts
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "port=8080-8090/tcp immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts

service                 #指定开放或关闭的服务名称
port                    #指定开放或关闭的端口
permanent               #是否添加永久生效
state                   #开启或者关闭
    enabled
    disabled

zone                    #指定配置某个区域
rich_rule               #配置辅规则
masquerade              #开启地址伪装
immediate               #临时生效
source                  #指定来源IP

Ansible主机信息模块

为什么要讲这个模块？

做过自动化的小伙伴会觉得这个模块非常实用

在公司中总会有一些需求

比如：
1.根据不同主机不同IP创建对应IP的目录
2.根据不同主机不同主机名创建对应主机名的目录
3.自动化运维平台需要自动获取到主机的IP地址，内存信息，磁盘信息，主机名...等
4.如果安装数据库，分配内存为物理内存的80%，此时有3台不同物理内存的机器2G、4G、16G
写一个playbook的情况下，我需要获取到对应主机的内存并作出计算，写判断。

setup

1.查看所有详细信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup
web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "10.0.0.7"
        ],
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880"
        ],
        "ansible_apparmor": {
            "status": "disabled"
        },
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
        "ansible_bios_date": "04/13/2018",
        "ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
        "ansible_cmdline": {
            "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64",
            "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
            "biosdevname": "0",
            "net.ifnames": "0",
            "quiet": true,
            "rhgb": true,
            "ro": true,
            "root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
        },
        "ansible_date_time": {
            "date": "2019-09-10",
            "day": "10",
            "epoch": "1568115243",
            "hour": "19",
            "iso8601": "2019-09-10T11:34:03Z",
            "iso8601_basic": "20190910T193403218395",
            "iso8601_basic_short": "20190910T193403",
            "iso8601_micro": "2019-09-10T11:34:03.218468Z",
            "minute": "34",
            "month": "09",
            "second": "03",
            "time": "19:34:03",
            "tz": "CST",
            "tz_offset": "+0800",
            "weekday": "星期二",
            "weekday_number": "2",
            "weeknumber": "36",
            "year": "2019"
        },
        "ansible_default_ipv4": {
            "address": "10.0.0.7",
            "alias": "eth0",
            "broadcast": "10.0.0.255",
            "gateway": "10.0.0.2",
            "interface": "eth0",
            "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80",
            "mtu": 1500,
            "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
            "network": "10.0.0.0",
            "type": "ether"
        },
        "ansible_default_ipv6": {},
        "ansible_device_links": {
            "ids": {
                "sr0": [
                    "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"
                ],
                "sr1": [
                    "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
                ]
            },
            "labels": {},
            "masters": {},
            "uuids": {
                "sda1": [
                    "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
                ],
                "sda2": [
                    "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
                ],
                "sda3": [
                    "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
                ]
            }
        },
        "ansible_devices": {
            "sda": {
                "holders": [],
                "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)",
                "links": {
                    "ids": [],
                    "labels": [],
                    "masters": [],
                    "uuids": []
                },
                "model": "VMware Virtual S",
                "partitions": {
                    "sda1": {
                        "holders": [],
                        "links": {
                            "ids": [],
                            "labels": [],
                            "masters": [],
                            "uuids": [
                                "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
                            ]
                        },
                        "sectors": "2097152",
                        "sectorsize": 512,
                        "size": "1.00 GB",
                        "start": "2048",
                        "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
                    },
                    "sda2": {
                        "holders": [],
                        "links": {
                            "ids": [],
                            "labels": [],
                            "masters": [],
                            "uuids": [
                                "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
                            ]
                        },
                        "sectors": "2097152",
                        "sectorsize": 512,
                        "size": "1.00 GB",
                        "start": "2099200",
                        "uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
                    },
                    "sda3": {
                        "holders": [],
                        "links": {
                            "ids": [],
                            "labels": [],
                            "masters": [],
                            "uuids": [
                                "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
                            ]
                        },
                        "sectors": "37746688",
                        "sectorsize": 512,
                        "size": "18.00 GB",
                        "start": "4196352",
                        "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
                    }
                },
                "removable": "0",
                "rotational": "1",
                "sas_address": null,
                "sas_device_handle": null,
                "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
                "sectors": "41943040",
                "sectorsize": "512",
                "size": "20.00 GB",
                "support_discard": "0",
                "vendor": "VMware,",
                "virtual": 1
            },
            "sr0": {
                "holders": [],
                "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
                "links": {
                    "ids": [
                        "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"
                    ],
                    "labels": [],
                    "masters": [],
                    "uuids": []
                },
                "model": "VMware IDE CDR00",
                "partitions": {},
                "removable": "1",
                "rotational": "1",
                "sas_address": null,
                "sas_device_handle": null,
                "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
                "sectors": "2097151",
                "sectorsize": "512",
                "size": "1024.00 MB",
                "support_discard": "0",
                "vendor": "NECVMWar",
                "virtual": 1
            },
            "sr1": {
                "holders": [],
                "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
                "links": {
                    "ids": [
                        "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
                    ],
                    "labels": [],
                    "masters": [],
                    "uuids": []
                },
                "model": "VMware IDE CDR10",
                "partitions": {},
                "removable":

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