网络编程


文章目录

  • 网络编程

  • 1.1、概述
  • 目的:
  • 想达成的效果:
  • 1.2、网络通信的要素
  • 通信双方地址:
  • 规则:网络通信的协议
  • 1.4、端口
  • 1.5、通信协议
  • TCP UDP对比
  • 1.6 TCP
  • 1.7 UDP
  • 发送消息
  • 1.8 URL
  • 通过url下载文件
  • 相互发送消息


1.1、概述

目的:

  • 传播交流信息、数据交换、通信

想达成的效果:

  1. 如何准确定位网络上的一台主机:ip:port 定位到这台机器的某个资源
  2. 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据

javaweb:网页编程 B/S

网络编程:TCP/IP C/S

1.2、网络通信的要素

如何实现网络的通信?

通信双方地址:
  • ip
  • 端口
规则:网络通信的协议

TCP/IP参考模型:

java tcpip socket AT指令_TCP

小结:

  1. 网络编程中两个主要问题
  1. 如何准确定位到网络上的主机
  2. 找到之后如何进行通信
  1. 网络编程中的要素
  1. IP和端口号
  2. 网络通信协议 TCP,UDP
  1. 万物皆对象

1.3、IP

ip地址:InetAdress

  • 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
  • 127.0.0.1 本机 localhost
  • IP地址的分类
  • ipv4 / ipv6
  • IPV4:127.0.0.1,4个字节组成 ,0-255
  • IPV6: 128位。8个无符号整数
  • 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
  • ABCD类地址
  • 域名:记忆IP问题!
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
        InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        System.out.println(byName);
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
        System.out.println(inetAddress.getCanonicalHostName());//获取规范名
        System.out.println(inetAddress.getAddress());//地址,是一个数组
        System.out.println(inetAddress.getHostName());//获取域名
    }

1.4、端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口,用来区分软件
  • 端口规定(0-65535)
  • TCP、UDP: 同协议端口不能冲突
  • 端口分类
  • 公有端口 0~1023
  • HTTP:80
  • HTTPS:443
  • FTP:21
  • Telnet:23
  • 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
  • Tomcat:8080
  • Mysql:3306
  • Oracle:1521
  • 动态、私有:49152~65535
  • cmd查看端口:netstat -ano | findstr "3306"
  • tasklist|findstr "pid"查看指定程序
InetSocketAddress address1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);

        InetSocketAddress address2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(address1);
        System.out.println(address2);
        System.out.println(address1.getAddress());
        System.out.println(address1.getHostName());//地址
        System.out.println(address1.getPort());//端口

1.5、通信协议

网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制。。。

TCP/IP协议,是一组协议

  • TCP: 用户传输协议
  • UPD:用户数据报协议

出名的协议:

  • TCP
  • IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP对比

TCP:打电话

  • 连接,稳定
  • 三次握手,四次挥手
  • 客户端、服务端
  • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP:发短信

  • 不连接,不稳定
  • 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你

1.6 TCP

客户端

  1. 空囊性服务器Socket
  2. 发送信息

服务器

  1. 建立服务的端口
  2. 等待用户的连接 accept
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream outputStream =null;
        //1 要知道服务器地址
        try {
            InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //2 端口号
            int port = 9999;
            //3 创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(ip,port);
            //4 发送消息
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write("你好".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (outputStream!=null){
                try {
                    outputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket =null;
        InputStream inputStream =null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
        //1 要有一个地址
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2 等待客户端连接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //3 读取客户端的消息
            inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
            //管道流
            bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = inputStream.read(buff))!=-1){
                bos.write(buff,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(buff.toString());


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (bos!=null){
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (inputStream!=null){
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

1.7 UDP

发短信: 只管发送

发送消息

public class UdpClientDemo1 {
    //发送端
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //建一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //建一个包
        String msg = "东方飒森奥";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes("UTF-8"),0,msg.getBytes().length,address,port);

        //发送包

        socket.send(datagramPacket);
        socket.close();
    }
}

public class UdpserverDemo1 {
    //接收端
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket   = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包 DataPacket
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        byte[] data = packet.getData();
        System.out.println(new String(data,0, packet.getLength(),"UTF-8"));
        socket.close();
    }
}

1.8 URL

通过url下载文件

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //设置连接
        URL url = new URL("https://www.xxx.com/xxx.gif");
        //连接url
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //下载
        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("xxx.gif"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        connection.disconnect();
    }

相互发送消息

//发送
public class RunSender implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int fromPort;
    private String toHostName;
    private int toPort;

    public RunSender(int fromPort,int toPort,String toHostName) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        this.toHostName = toHostName;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket (fromPort);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){

            try {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String data = null;
                data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes("UTF-8");
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(toHostName, toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    socket.close();
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }


    }
}

//接收
public class RunReceive implements Runnable{
    private int rcPort;
    DatagramSocket socket = null;

    public RunReceive(int rcPort) {
        this.rcPort = rcPort;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(rcPort);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
                socket.receive(packet);
                byte[] data=  packet.getData();
                String datas = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength(), "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(socket.getLocalPort()+":"+datas);
                if (datas.equals("bye")){
                    socket.close();
                    break;

                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

    }
}


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new RunSender(7777,8888,"localhost")).start();
        new Thread(new RunReceive(9999)).start();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new RunSender(6666,9999,"localhost")).start();
        new Thread(new RunReceive(8888)).start();
    }