网络编程

目的:数据交换,通信

定位网络上的一台主机(端口)

javaweb:网络编程 B/S

网络编程:TCP/IP C/S


如何实现网络的通信?

通信双方的地址:ip,端口号

规则:网络通信的协议 http,ftp,tcp,udp…


IP

ip地址: InetAddress

  • 唯一定义一台网络上的计算机
  • 127.0.0.1:本机 localhost
  • ip地址的分类
  • ip地址分类 ipv4/ipv6
  • ipv4:127.0.0.1 四个字节组成 0-255 42亿个
  • ipv6: 128位 8个无符号整数
  • 公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
  • 192.168.xxxx 专门给组织内部使用的
  • ABCD类地址
  • 域名:记忆ip问题
  • ip:www.vip.com
package net.internet;

import .InetAddress;
import .UnknownHostException;

// test ip
public class Demo00 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // look localhost
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            // look up webset ip address
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            // methods
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

端口

表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件
  • 被规定 0 - 65535
  • TCP, UDP: 65535 * 2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
  • 端口分类
  • 公有端口 0 - 1023
  • HTTP: 80
  • HTTPS: 443
  • FTP: 21
  • Telent: 23
  • 程序注册端口:分配 1024-49151,分配用户或者程序
  • Tomcat: 8080
  • MySQL: 3306
  • Oracle: 1521
  • 动态,私有:49152 - 65535
netstat -ano # 查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" # 查看指定端口的进程
ctrl+shift+esc # 任务管理器
package net.internet;

import .InetSocketAddress;

public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress);
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); // Address
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());
    }
}

通信协议

网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…

TCP/IP协议簇:是一组协议

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议
  • IP:网络互连协议

TCP UDP对比

TCP: 打电话

  • 连接,稳定
  • 三次握手,四次挥手
// 连接

最少需要三次,保证稳定连接
A: 你瞅啥 // 发送请求 
B: 瞅你咋地 // 回应
A: 干一场 // 接受并回应

// 断开

A: 我们分手吧
B: 你真的要走吗?
B: 你真的真的要走了吗?
A: 我真的要走了
  • 客户端,服务端
  • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP: 发短信

  • 不连接,不稳定
  • 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
  • 导弹
  • DDOS:洪水攻击,饱和攻击,端口堵塞

TCP

客户端与服务器的消息传输

先启动服务器端,再启动客户端

客户端

  1. 通过 socket 连接服务器
  2. 发送消息
package net.internet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import .InetAddress;
import .Socket;
import .UnknownHostException;

// client
public class TCPClientTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            // 1. should know server's address
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            // 2. port
            int port = 9999;
            // 3. create a socket connection
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            // 4. send message I/O stream
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("welcome to Java".getBytes());


        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
         finally {
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器

  1. 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
  2. 等待用户的连接 accept
  3. 接收用户的消息
package net.internet;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import .ServerSocket;
import .Socket;

public class TCPServerTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        try {
            // 1. should have an address
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while(true){
                // 2. wait for connecting client
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                // 3. read message of client
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                // pipe stream
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    baos.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
                // this way avoids truncating and garbled
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // close resource
            if(baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

两者通过 socket 进行连接

客户端

package net.internet;

import java.io.*;
import .InetAddress;
import .Socket;

public class TestClientFileSender {
    public static void main(String[]args)  throws Exception{
        // 1. create socket connection
        Socket socket=new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        // 2. create a output stream
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        // 3. read file; file stream: file-fileinputstream
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("/Users/pz/Desktop/study/javacode/javase/baseknown/src/net/internet/img1.jpg"));
        // 4. write data to file
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        // notify server that client has done
        socket.shutdownOutput(); // finished transferring

        // make sure the server has finished connecting before disconnecting
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        // String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        // 5. close
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务器

package net.internet;

import java.io.*;
import .ServerSocket;
import .Socket;

public class TestServerFileSender {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 1. create server
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        // 2. listen client connection
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();// block listener. Keep waiting client connection
        // 3. get input stream
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        // 4. output file
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        // Notify the client that the reception is complete
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("I received, you can disconnect".getBytes());


        // 5. close
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}