使用 NIO 搭建一个聊天室
前面刚讲了使用 Socket 搭建了一个 Http Server,在最后我们使用了 NIO 对 Server 进行了优化,然后有小伙伴问到怎么使用 Socket 搭建聊天室,这节仍然使用 NIO 为基础进行搭建。
一、NIO 聊天室入门案例
该案例只有三个类:NioServer 聊天室服务端、NioClient 聊天室客户端、ClientThread 客户端线程。
服务端代码:
package com.fengsir.network.chatroom;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @Author FengZeng
* @Date 2022-01-24 17:01
* @Description Nio聊天室服务端
*/
public class NioServer {
/**
* 聊天室成员列表:
*/
Map<String, SocketChannel> memberChannels;
/**
* 端口
*/
private static final int PORT = 8000;
/**
* 选择器
*/
private Selector selector;
/**
* 管道
*/
private ServerSocketChannel server;
/**
* 缓冲
*/
private ByteBuffer buffer;
public NioServer() throws IOException {
// 初始化 Selector 选择器
this.selector = Selector.open();
// 初始化 Channel 通道
this.server = getServerChannel(selector);
// 初始化 Buffer 缓冲:1k
this.buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
// 初始化聊天室成员列表
memberChannels = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
}
/**
* 初始化Channel通道
*
* @param selector 选择器
* @return ServerSocketChannel
* @throws IOException
*/
private ServerSocketChannel getServerChannel(Selector selector) throws IOException {
// 开辟一个 Channel 通道
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 通道设置为非阻塞模式
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 通道注册绑定 Selector 选择器,通道中数据的事件类型为OP_ACCEPT
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// 通道绑定端口
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT));
return serverSocketChannel;
}
/**
* 事件监听
*/
public void listen() throws IOException {
System.out.println("服务端启动......");
try {
// 据说用 while(true) 会多一个判断,用这种方式更好哈哈哈
for (;;){
// 作用:至少需要有一个事件发生,否则(如果count == 0)就继续阻塞循环
int count = selector.select();
if (count == 0) {
continue;
}
// 获取 SelectorKey 的集合
Set<SelectionKey> keySet = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = keySet.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
// 当前事件对应的 SelectorKey
SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
// 删除当前事件:表示当前事件已经被消费了
iterator.remove();
// 接收事件已就绪:
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
// 通过key获取ServerSocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
// 通过 ServerSocketChannel 获取SocketChannel
SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
// channel 设置为非阻塞模式
channel.configureBlocking(false);
// channel 绑定选择器,当前事件切换为 读就绪
channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
// 从channel中获取Host、端口等信息
System.out.println("客户端连接:"
+ channel.socket().getInetAddress().getHostName() + ":"
+ channel.socket().getPort());
// Read就绪事件
} else if (key.isReadable()) {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
// 用于解密消息内容
CharsetDecoder decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder();
// 将消息数据从通道 channel 读取到缓冲buffer
buffer.clear();
channel.read(buffer);
buffer.flip();
// 获取解密后的消息内容:
String msg = decoder.decode(buffer).toString();
if (!"".equals(msg)) {
System.out.println("收到:" + msg);
if (msg.startsWith("username:")) {
String username = msg.replaceAll("username:", "");
memberChannels.put(username, channel);
System.out.println("用户总数:" + memberChannels.size());
} else {
// 转发消息给客户端
String[] arr = msg.split(":");
if (arr.length == 3) {
// 发送者
String from = arr[0];
// 接收者
String to = arr[1];
// 发送内容
String content = arr[2];
System.out.println(from + " 发送给 " + to + " 的消息:" + content);
if (memberChannels.containsKey(to)) {
// 解密
CharsetEncoder encoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder();
// 给接收者发送消息
memberChannels.get(to).write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(from + ":" + content)));
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("服务端启动失败......");
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
// 先关闭选择器,在关闭通道
// 调用 close() 方法将会关闭Selector,同时也会将关联的SelectionKey失效,但不会关闭Channel。
selector.close();
server.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 服务端启动:
new NioServer().listen();
}
}
客户端线程类:
package com.fengsir.network.chatroom;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* @Author FengZeng
* @Date 2022-01-24 17:16
* @Description Nio聊天室客户端线程
*/
public class ClientThread extends Thread {
/**
* 解密
*/
private CharsetDecoder decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder();
/**
* 加密
*/
private CharsetEncoder encoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder();
/**
* 选择器
*/
private Selector selector = null;
/**
* 通道
*/
private SocketChannel socket = null;
/**
* 通道key
*/
private SelectionKey clientKey = null;
/**
* 用户名
*/
private String username;
public ClientThread(String username) {
try {
// 创建一个Selector
selector = Selector.open();
// 创建Socket并注册
socket = SocketChannel.open();
socket.configureBlocking(false);
clientKey = socket.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
// 连接到远程地址
InetSocketAddress ip = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8000);
socket.connect(ip);
this.username = username;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 开辟读取事件的线程
*/
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 监听事件(无限循环)
for (; ; ) {
// 监听事件
int count = selector.select();
if (count == 0) {
continue;
}
// 事件来源列表
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = it.next();
// 删除当前事件
it.remove();
// 判断事件类型
if (key.isConnectable()) {
// 连接事件
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
if (channel.isConnectionPending()) {
channel.finishConnect();
}
channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
System.out.println("连接服务器端成功!");
// 发送用户名
send("username:" + this.username);
} else if (key.isReadable()) {
// 读取数据事件
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
// 读取数据
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(50);
channel.read(buffer);
buffer.flip();
String msg = decoder.decode(buffer).toString();
System.out.println("收到: " + msg);
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭
try {
selector.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
/**
* 发送消息
*
* @param msg message
*/
public void send(String msg) {
try {
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) clientKey.channel();
client.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(msg)));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 关闭客户端
*/
public void close() {
try {
selector.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
客户端类:
package com.fengsir.network.chatroom;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
/**
* @Author FengZeng
* @Date 2022-01-24 17:20
* @Description TODO
*/
public class NioClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 当前客户端的用户名
String username = "fengzeng";
// 为当前客户端开辟一个线程
ClientThread client = new ClientThread(username);
client.start();
// 输入输出流
BufferedReader bfReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
// 循环读取键盘输入
String readline;
while ((readline = bfReader.readLine()) != null) {
if ("bye".equals(readline)) {
client.close();
System.exit(0);
}
// 发送消息
client.send(username + ":" + readline);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行效果图就是这样子,代码结合注释看,应该都能理解。