js中DOM操作占了极大的部分,对于节点的操作主要有节点插入,节点移除,节点复制,还有一些innerHTML,innerText,outerHTML相关的东西。
节点的插入
原生的DOM接口非常简单,参数确定,方法调用方便。jQuery对这些原生接口进行利用,组装出了一些列更为犀利的方法,append、prepend、before、after、replace等。而且因为这几个方法是用频率实在频繁,于是W3C在DOM4中决定原生支持它们。在jQuery中的原生代码如下:
append: function() {
return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
target.appendChild( elem );
}
});
},
prepend: function() {
return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild );
}
});
},
before: function() {
return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
if ( this.parentNode ) {
this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this );
}
});
},
after: function() {
return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
if ( this.parentNode ) {
this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling );
}
});
},
replaceWith: function() {
var arg = arguments[ 0 ];
// Make the changes, replacing each context element with the new content
this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
arg = this.parentNode;
jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) );
if ( arg ) {
arg.replaceChild( elem, this );
}
});
// Force removal if there was no new content (e.g., from empty arguments)
return arg && (arg.length || arg.nodeType) ? this : this.remove();
},
domManip: function( args, callback ) {
// Flatten any nested arrays
args = concat.apply( [], args );
var first, node, hasScripts,
scripts, doc, fragment,
i = 0,
l = this.length,
set = this,
iNoClone = l - 1,
value = args[0],
isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );
// We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
if ( isFunction ||
( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" &&
!support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {
return this.each(function( index ) {
var self = set.eq( index );
if ( isFunction ) {
args[0] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );
}
self.domManip( args, callback );
});
}
if ( l ) {
fragment = jQuery.buildFragment( args, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, this );
first = fragment.firstChild;
if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) {
fragment = first;
}
if ( first ) {
scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript );
hasScripts = scripts.length;
// Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up
// being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).
for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
node = fragment;
if ( i !== iNoClone ) {
node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true );
// Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration
if ( hasScripts ) {
jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) );
}
}
callback.call( this[i], node, i );
}
if ( hasScripts ) {
doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument;
// Reenable scripts
jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript );
// Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion
for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) {
node = scripts[ i ];
if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) &&
!jQuery._data( node, "globalEval" ) && jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {
if ( node.src ) {
// Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present
if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) {
jQuery._evalUrl( node.src );
}
} else {
jQuery.globalEval( ( node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ).replace( rcleanScript, "" ) );
}
}
}
}
// Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory
fragment = first = null;
}
}
return this;
}
View Code
jQuery.each({
appendTo: "append",
prependTo: "prepend",
insertBefore: "before",
insertAfter: "after",
replaceAll: "replaceWith"
}, function( name, original ) {
jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) {
var elems,
i = 0,
ret = [],
insert = jQuery( selector ),
last = insert.length - 1;
for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) {
elems = i === last ? this : this.clone(true);
jQuery( insert[i] )[ original ]( elems );
// Modern browsers can apply jQuery collections as arrays, but oldIE needs a .get()
push.apply( ret, elems.get() );
}
return this.pushStack( ret );
};
});
View Code
基本的思想基本上都是相似的,接口只是一个空心的壳而已,只是提供了一个便于记忆的名字,具体的实现还是转到内部更为复杂的函数中去了。
还有,在自己写框架的时候,对于节点的操作,特别是节点添加的形式,要注意一个要点,NodeList是实时更新的,对于插入操作,会引起NodeList立刻更新,这时就要注意不要进入死循环了。
window.onload = function(){
var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName('div');
for(var i = 0; i < divs.length, i++){
var ele = document.createElement('div');
ele.appendChild(document.createTextNode('New Link!'));
divs.appendChild(ele);
}
}
还有一个点是关于节点复制方面的,这个在下面就会讲到。
节点的复制
在IE下对节点的复制,有一些奇怪的问题,其中著名的就是 IE 会自动复制在节点上添加的事件,同时IE6~IE8会复制通过node.aa = 'xx' 形式添加的属性,而标准浏览器只会复制标签内的属性和通过setAttribute设置的属性
<a id='aa' title = 'title' href = '#'>try</a>
window.onload = function(){
var node = document.getElementById('aa');
node.expando.key = 1;
node.setAttribute('attr','attr');
var clone = node.cloneNode(false);
alert(clone.id); //aa
alert(clone.getAttribute('title')); //'title'
alert(clone.getAttribute('attr')); //'attr'
node.expando.key = 2;
alert(clone.expando.key); //IE 2 其它 undefined
}
如果仅仅是这样,开发者还是比较容易解决以上问题的,但是IE中还会出现少复制现象,对于此,只能一步步进行处理了(from mass):
function fixNode(clone, src) {
if(src.nodeType == 1) {
//只处理元素节点
var nodeName = clone.nodeName.toLowerCase();
//clearAttributes方法可以清除元素的所有属性值,如style样式,或者class属性,与attachEvent绑定上去的事件
clone.clearAttributes();
//复制原对象的属性到克隆体中,但不包含原来的事件, ID, NAME, uniqueNumber
clone.mergeAttributes(src, false);
//IE6-8无法复制其内部的元素
if(nodeName === "object") {
clone.outerHTML = src.outerHTML;
} else if(nodeName === "input" && (src.type === "checkbox" || src.type == "radio")) {
//IE6-8无法复制chechbox的值,在IE6-7中也defaultChecked属性也遗漏了
if(src.checked) {
clone.defaultChecked = clone.checked = src.checked;
}
// 除Chrome外,所有浏览器都会给没有value的checkbox一个默认的value值”on”。
if(clone.value !== src.value) {
clone.value = src.value;
}
} else if(nodeName === "option") {
clone.selected = src.defaultSelected; // IE6-8 无法保持选中状态
} else if(nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea") {
clone.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; // IE6-8 无法保持默认值
} else if(nodeName === "script" && clone.text !== src.text) {
clone.text = src.text; //IE6-8不能复制script的text属性
}
}
}
jQuery:
clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;
deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;
return this.map(function() {
return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents );
});
}
这段这是一个处理参数的空壳,具体还是再jQuery.clone中:
clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
var destElements, node, clone, i, srcElements,
inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
if ( support.html5Clone || jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) || !rnoshimcache.test( "<" + elem.nodeName + ">" ) ) {
clone = elem.cloneNode( true );
// IE<=8 does not properly clone detached, unknown element nodes
} else {
fragmentDiv.innerHTML = elem.outerHTML;
fragmentDiv.removeChild( clone = fragmentDiv.firstChild );
}
if ( (!support.noCloneEvent || !support.noCloneChecked) &&
(elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11) && !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) ) {
// We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: http://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2
destElements = getAll( clone );
srcElements = getAll( elem );
// Fix all IE cloning issues
for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; ++i ) {
// Ensure that the destination node is not null; Fixes #9587
if ( destElements[i] ) {
fixCloneNodeIssues( node, destElements[i] );
}
}
}
// Copy the events from the original to the clone
if ( dataAndEvents ) {
if ( deepDataAndEvents ) {
srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem );
destElements = destElements || getAll( clone );
for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; i++ ) {
cloneCopyEvent( node, destElements[i] );
}
} else {
cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone );
}
}
// Preserve script evaluation history
destElements = getAll( clone, "script" );
if ( destElements.length > 0 ) {
setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) );
}
destElements = srcElements = node = null;
// Return the cloned set
return clone;
}
View Code
可以看到,jQuery.clone中在不能保证cloneNode正常的情况下,用了outerHTML来操作,然后拷贝事件,属性。整体代码很臃肿,但是这也是必须的。现在能做的就是等到用户放弃IE6了。
节点的移除
节点的移除在IE6~7中就要涉及内存泄露这类的问题了。在浏览器中,移除节点主要有removeNode,removeChild,deleteContents。removeNode是IE中的方法,移除目标节点,保留子节点,参数为true时同removeChild。removeChild在IE6~7中有内存泄露问题。deleteContents则是偏门API。
首先是为啥IE6~7中会内存泄露。IE6~7中有个叫做超空间的概念。从文档中移除的节点(有Javascript关联)并不会消失掉,而是跑到了一个叫做超空间的地方。可以用parentNode来判断是否存在超空间。
window.onload = function(){
var div = document.createElement('div');
alert(div.parentNode); //null
document.body.appendChild(div);
document.body.removeChild(div);
alert(div.parentNode); //IE6~8 object 其它 null
}
我们来看下EXT是怎么做的:
removeNode : isIE ? function(){
var d;
return function(n){
if(n && n.tagName != 'BODY'){
d = d || DOC.createElement('div');
d.appendChild(n);
d.innerHTML = '';
}
}
}() : function(n){
if(n && n.parentNode && n.tagName != 'BODY'){
n.parentNode.removeChild(n);
}
}
在这里,我们可以发现,它使用了innerHTML来进行移除。innerHTML在IE低版本中进行移除,会导致直接清空内部内容,只剩空壳。相比于IE对内存管理的失败,这个正是我们寻找的方法!
先写到这,晚上要毕业季谢师宴,估计要被灌酒灌倒死了,于是大清早爬起来把这篇博客写完了,希望晚上我还能活着回来。。。。。。