归档:数据从内存与闪存相互转化,类似“序列化”,将数据转换成二进制字节数据
操作:有两种方式,第一种是单个对象作为root进行归档和恢复,一个对象一个文件;第二种,可以同时归档多个对象到一个文件
注意:归档自定义对象,需要实现NSCoding协议里的两个方法,举例说明:【preference】
一、创建一个数据模型(自定义类)
现在就以大家常见的Student的为例,这个模型有5个参数:name、age、weight、hobby、others
Student.h
1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2.
3. @interface Student : NSObject<NSCoding,NSCopying>
4.
5. @property(copy,nonatomic) NSString *name;
6. @property(assign,nonatomic) int age;
7. @property(assign,nonatomic) double weight;
8. @property(copy,nonatomic) NSArray *hobby;
9. @property(copy,nonatomic) NSDictionary *others;
10.
11.
12.
13. @end
Student.m
[cpp]
1. #import "Student.h"
2.
3.
4. #define knameKey @"name"
5. #define kageKey @"age"
6. #define kweightKey @"weight"
7. #define khobbyKey @"hobby"
8. #define kotherKey @"others"
9.
10. @implementation Student
11.
12. @synthesize name;
13. @synthesize age;
14. @synthesize weight;
15. @synthesize hobby;
16. @synthesize others;
17.
18.
19. #pragma mark-NSCoding
20. -(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
21.
22.
23. [aCoder encodeObject:name forKey:knameKey];
24. [aCoder encodeInt:age forKey:kageKey];
25. [aCoder encodeDouble:weight forKey:kweightKey];
26. [aCoder encodeObject:hobby forKey:khobbyKey];
27. [aCoder encodeObject:others forKey:kotherKey];
28.
29. }
30.
31.
32. -(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
33.
34. if (self == [super init]) {
35. name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:knameKey];
36. age = [aDecoder decodeIntForKey:kageKey];
37. weight = [aDecoder decodeDoubleForKey:kweightKey];
38. hobby = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:khobbyKey];
39. others = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kotherKey];
40. }
41.
42. return self;
43. }
44.
45.
46.
47. #pragma mark-NSCopying
48. -(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
49. class] allocWithZone:zone] init];
50. copy.name = [self.name copyWithZone:zone];
51. copy.age = self.age;
52. copy.weight = self.weight;
53. copy.hobby = [self.hobby copyWithZone:zone];
54. copy.others = [self.others copyWithZone:zone];
55.
56. return copy;
57. }
58.
59.
60. @end
通过以上的代码我们可以看出,要实现对数据模型的归档,需要我们实现NScoding协议,NScoping(copy协议是为了模型数据可以复制,对于归档而言,不是必须要实现)
NScoding协议需要实现两个方法:
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder 以keyValue形式对基本数据类型Encoding
-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder 以keyValue形式对基本数据类型Decoding,返回数据模型本身
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone NScopying协议的方法,目的为了实现数据模型的copy,如下实例:
[cpp]
1. Student *s1 = [[Student alloc] init];
2. Student *s2 = [s1 copy];
3. NSLog(@"s1:%@",s1);
4. NSLog(@"s2:%@",s2);
Log控制台输出:
2013-06-16 16:19:36.157 ArchiveDemo[1357:c07] s1:<Student: 0x8875340>
2013-06-16 16:19:36.158 ArchiveDemo[1357:c07] s2:<Student: 0x8875360>
二、ViewController.xib添加几个针对数据模型的可编辑组件:
三、接下来就是在Viewcontroller.m中的操作,首先添加一个内部使用的方法,返回要保存到闪存的位置:
[cpp]
1. -(NSString *) getFilePath{
2.
3. NSArray *array = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
4.
5. return [[array objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:kFileName];
6.
7. }
在ViewDidLoad方法里,每次viewController初始化时,读取路径下的归档文件,读取数据模型数据。同时添加一个通知每当按下Home键时,数据及时归档到闪存中。
[cpp]
1. - (void)viewDidLoad
2. {
3. [super viewDidLoad];
4.
5. if ([[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:[self getFilePath]]) {
6. "filePAth:%@",[self getFilePath]);
7.
8. NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:[self getFilePath]];
9.
10. NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
11.
12. //解档出数据模型Student
13. Student *mStudent = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:kDataKey];
14. //一定不要忘记finishDecoding,否则会报错
15.
16. //接档后就可以直接使用了(赋值到相应的组件属性上)
17. self.nameLabel.text = mStudent.name;
18. "%d",mStudent.age];
19. "%f",mStudent.weight];
20. self.hobbyTextField.text = [mStudent.hobby objectAtIndex:0];
21. "other"];
22.
23. [unarchiver release];
24. [data release];
25. }
26.
27. //添加一个广播,用于注册当用户按下home键时,归档数据到闪存中
28. UIApplication *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
29. [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(saveAppDataWhenApplicationWillResignActive) name:UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification object:app];
30.
31. }
四、某一操作需要保存数据的时候,及时归档到闪存中
[cpp]
1. /**
2. *当用户按下Home键,返回桌面时,归档当前数据到指定文件路径下
3. */
4. -(void) saveAppDataWhenApplicationWillResignActive:(NSNotification*) notification{
5.
6. Student *saveStudent = [[Student alloc] init];
7. saveStudent.name = self.nameLabel.text;
8. saveStudent.age = [self.ageLabel.text intValue];
9. saveStudent.weight = [self.weightLabel.text doubleValue];
10. saveStudent.hobby = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:self.hobbyTextField.text, nil];
11. "other",nil];
12.
13. NSMutableData *data = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
14.
15. NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
16.
17. [archiver encodeObject:saveStudent forKey:kDataKey];
18.
19. [archiver finishEncoding];
20.
21. [data writeToFile:[self getFilePath] atomically:YES];
22. [data release];
23. [archiver release];
24. [saveStudent release];
25.
26.
27. }
运行效果:
重新运行后:
归档这种保存方式缺点就是没有属性列表(NSuserDefault)速度快,因为它每次都要把文件保存到闪存中,优点是可以创建自己想要的数据模型,然后统一以模型方式存储,比属性列表要过分依赖Key要省心。