本次实验是为了解决单台的web服务器访问压力过大而进行的，这里用双web服务器加单独的Mysql服务器来实现；平台是RedHat Linux 5.8系统。
具体实现方案：
上图中的web1上将安装：Nginx、DNS、NFS；web2只安装Nginx；Mysql上安装Mysql数据库和PHP。
当某客户端发送访问请求时，DNS会将请求轮询到web1或web2服务器上，DNS上的算法会计算出该将请求发给哪个服务器响应，基本上是平均的，这样就减小了web服务器的访问压力；
访问请求到达web服务器后，web服务器会检测客户端请求的是什么内容，如果是静态页面文件，就直接响应客户端；如果是动态的网页内容，就会通过接口送至Mysql服务器上的PHP进行解析，PHP再访问数据库的数据，并将结果返回web服务器，web服务器就响应客户端。
步骤：
首先每台服务器都要先关闭RedHat的SELinux。
1. 查看SELinux的当前状态
2. #getenforce
3. 如果是处于'ermissive'，就不用再执行下面的命令了
4. #setenfoce 0 关闭
配置web1
1.编译安装Nginx
1. # yum -y install pcre-devel 解决依赖关系
2. # groupadd -r nginx
3. # useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx
4. # tar xf nginx-1.2.2.tar.gz
5. # cd nginx-1.2.2
6. # ./configure \
7. --prefix=/usr \
8. --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
9. --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
10. --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
11. --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
12. --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
13. --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
14. --user=nginx
15. --group=nginx
16. --with-http_ssl_module \
17. --with-http_flv_module \
18. --with-http_stub_status_module \
19. --with-http_gzip_static_module \
20. --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
21. --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
22. --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
23. --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
24. --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
25. --with-pcre
26. # make
27. # maek install
28.
29. 创建SysV脚本，使之支持服务启动命令
30. # vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 编辑如下内容
31.
32. #!/bin/sh
33. #
34. # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
35. #
36. # chkconfig: - 85 15
37. # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
38. # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
39. # processname: nginx
40. # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
41. # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
42. # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
43.
44. # Source function library.
45. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
46.
47. # Source networking configuration.
48. . /etc/sysconfig/network
49.
50. # Check that networking is up.
51. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
52.
53. nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
54. prog=$(basename $nginx)
55.
56. NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
57.
58. [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
59.
60. lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
61.
62. make_dirs() {
63. # make required directories
64. user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
65. options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
66. for opt in $options; do
67. if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
68. value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
69. if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
70. # echo "creating" $value
71. mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
72. fi
73. fi
74. done
75. }
76.
77. start() {
78. [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
79. [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
80. make_dirs
81. echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
82. daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
83. retval=$?
84. echo
85. [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
86. return $retval
87. }
88.
89. stop() {
90. echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
91. killproc $prog -QUIT
92. retval=$?
93. echo
94. [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
95. return $retval
96. }
97.
98. restart() {
99. configtest || return $?
100. stop
101. sleep 1
102. start
103. }
104.
105. reload() {
106. configtest || return $?
107. echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
108. killproc $nginx -HUP
109. RETVAL=$?
110. echo
111. }
112.
113. force_reload() {
114. restart
115. }
116.
117. configtest() {
118. $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
119. }
120.
121. rh_status() {
122. status $prog
123. }
124.
125. rh_status_q() {
126. >/dev/null 2>&1
127. }
128.
129. case "$1" in
130. start)
131. rh_status_q && exit 0
132. $1
133. ;;
134. stop)
135. rh_status_q || exit 0
136. $1
137. ;;
138. restart|configtest)
139. $1
140. ;;
141. reload)
142. rh_status_q || exit 7
143. $1
144. ;;
145. force-reload)
146. force_reload
147. ;;
148. status)
149. rh_status
150. ;;
151. condrestart|try-restart)
152. rh_status_q || exit 0
153. ;;
154. *)
155. echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
156. exit 2
157. esac
158. 添加到服务列表并使开机启动
159. # chkconfig --add nginx
160. # chkconfig nginx on
启动nginx并测试一下是否正常工作。
修改nginx的配置文件
1. worker_processes 2;
2. events {
3. worker_connections 50000;
4. }
5. http {
6. include mime.types;
7. default_type application/octet-stream;
8. sendfile on;
9. keepalive_timeout 65;
10. server {
11. listen 172.16.3.110:80;
12. server_name localhost;
13. location / {
14. root html;
15. index index.html index.htm index.php;
16. }
17. location ~ \.php$ {
18. root html;
19. fastcgi_pass 172.16.3.112:9000;
20. fastcgi_index inedx.php;
21. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
22. include fastcgi_params;
23. error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
24. location
25. root html;
26. }
27. }
28.
29. }
编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params,将内容替换
1. fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
2. fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
3. fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
4. fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
5. fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
6. fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
7. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
8. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
9. fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
10. fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
11. fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
12. fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
13. fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
14. fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
15. fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
16. fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
17. fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
配置NFS共享
1. # vim /etc/exports
2. /etc/nginx/mnt 172.16.0.0/16 (rw,no_root_squash,)
编译安装DNS
1. # yum -y install bind97 bind97-devel bind97-libs bind97-utils
修改主配置文件/etc/named.conf
1. 修改文件中的zone部分
2. zone "web1.com" IN {
3. type master;
4. file "web1.com.zone";
5. allow-update{ none; };
6. };
7.
8. zone "web2.com" IN {
9. type master;
10. file "web2.com.zone";
11. allow-update{ none; };
12. };
13.
14. zone "mp.com" IN {
15. type master;
16. file "mp.com.zone";
17. allow-update{ none; };
18. }
添加两条A记录
1. $TTL 600
2. @ IN SOA ns.web1.com. admin.web1.com. (
3. 0 ; serial
4. 1D ; refresh
5. 1H ; retry
6. 1W ; expire
7. 3H ) ; minimum
8. IN NS ns.web.com
9. ns IN A 172.16.3.110
10. www IN A 172.16.3.110
11. www IN A 172.16.3.111
2.配置web2
这里安装Nginx与web1相同，只是蟹盖配置文件时有些不同
1. worker_processes 2;
2. events {
3. worker_connections 50000;
4. }
5. http {
6. include mime.types;
7. default_type application/octet-stream;
8. sendfile on;
9. keepalive_timeout 65;
10. server {
11. listen 172.16.3.111:80;
12. server_name localhost;
13. location / {
14. root html;
15. index index.html index.htm index.php;
16. }
17. location ~ \.php$ {
18. root html;
19. fastcgi_pass 172.16.3.112:9000;
20. fastcgi_index inedx.php;
21. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
22. include fastcgi_params;
23. error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
24. location
25. root html;
26. }
27. }
28.
29. }
3.配置Mysql服务器
编译安装Mysql数据库
将下载好的Mysql源码包进行编译安装
1. # tar xf mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local
2. # cd /usr/local/
3. # ln -sv mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-i686 mysql
4. # cd mysql
5. # chown -R mysql:mysql .
6. # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
7. # chown -R root .
修改配置文件
1. # cd /usr/local/mysql
2. # cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf 软件提供的样本
3. 修改
4. thread_concurrency = 2
5. datadir
为Mysql提供服务启动脚本
1. # cd /usr/local/mysql
2. # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
3. # chkconfig --add mysqld
4. # chkconfig mysqld on
这样Mysql就可以启动了，但是因为是编译安装，所以仅仅这样很不符合系统使用规范，我们就把它做的规范些
1. 输出man手册
2. # vim /etc/man.config 添加
3. MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
4. 输出头文件到指定的位置
5. # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
6. 输出库文件的路径
7. # echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' >
8. 设置PATH的环境变量
9. # vim /etc/profile
10. PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:#PATH
然后重新载入下：#ldconfig
编译安装PHP
1. # tar xf php-5.4.4.tar.bz2
2. # cd php-5.4.4
3. # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php4nginx
4. --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm
5. --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm
6. --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
7. --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir
8. --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr
9. --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc
10. --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-curl
11. # make # make test # make intall
为PHP提供配置文件和服务启动脚本
1. # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
2. # cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
3. # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
4. # chkconfig --add php-fpm
5. # chkconfig php-fpm on
设置php-fpm参数
1. 首先把PHP提供的配置文件样本复制并重命名
2. # cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
3.
4. # vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
5. pm.max_children = 50
6. pm.start_servers = 5
7. pm.min_spare_servers = 2
8. pm.max_spare_servers = 8
9. pid
10. 启动并验证
11. # service php-fpm start
12. # ps aux | grep php-fpm
PHP算是配置好了，可是为了系统更给力的工作，给PHP安装xcache加速器吧
1. # tar xf xcache-2.0.0.tar.gz
2. # cd xcache-2.0.0
3. # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
4. # ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
5. # make && make install
6. 安装完成后，会出现一个
7. Installing shared extensions: ..............的字符串，把冒号后面的复制下备用
8. 编辑php.ini就可以将exache跟php整合到一块了
9. 把xcache提供的样例配置导入php.ini
10. # mkdir /etc/php.d
11. # cp /xcache/xcache.ini /etc/php.d
12. 编辑/etc/php.d,找到zend_extension开头行，将复制的字符串粘进去
13. 然后重启php-fpm
14. # service php-fpm restart（对与写博客，也就是对平常知识的总结，这是需要下大功夫的，并且很有必要；也不是说不会总结，只是，像这种写成文章来，还真是不好搞，写着写着就乱了，也看了很多写的好的文章、博客，跟人家一比较还真不好意思拿出来让大家看了；想想这个也只有多练了。不唠叨了，苦练吧！）
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/gdbonnie/934133
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