通过反射获取运行时类的完整结构
Field,method,Construuuctor,Superclass,Interface,Annotation
实现的全部接口
继承的父类
全部的构造器
全部的构造方法
全部的Field
注解等
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class aClass = Class.forName("com.linke.User");
System.out.println("=================== 获取类名 ===================");
//获取类的名字
System.out.println(aClass.getName()); //获得包名+类名
System.out.println(aClass.getSimpleName()); //获得类名
System.out.println("=================== 获取属性 ===================");
//或得类的属性 获取public属性的
Field[] fields = aClass.getFields();
for (Field file : fields) {
System.out.println(file);
}
//获取类的属性,获取全部属性的
Field [] declaredFields = aClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
System.out.println(declaredField);
}
System.out.println("=================== 获取方法 ===================");
//获得类的方法 获取public的方法,父类的也会被打印出来
Method [] methods = aClass.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("public method:" + method);
}
//获取类的方法 获取全部的方法,只打印自己的
Method [] declaredMethods = aClass.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : declaredMethods) {
System.out.println("all method:" + method);
}
System.out.println("=================== 获取指定方法 ===================");
//获取指定的方法
Method getName = aClass.getMethod("getName",null);
Method setName = aClass.getMethod("setName",String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
System.out.println("=================== 获取指定的构造器 ===================");
//获取public修饰的构造方法
Constructor [] constructors = aClass.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
//获取全部的构造函数
Constructor [] declaredConstructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : declaredConstructor) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
//获取指定的构造函数
Constructor constructor = aClass.getConstructor();
Constructor constructor1 = aClass.getConstructor(String.class,String.class,String.class);
System.out.println(constructor);
System.out.println(constructor1);
}
}
public class User {
private String Id;
private String name;
private String age;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String id, String name, String age) {
Id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getId() {
return Id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
Id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"Id='" + Id + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age='" + age + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
总结:进过小测试,实际上是可以通过Class获取想要的内容的,但是不会经常开发。
使用反射操作类对象的相关内容
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
//获得Class对象
Class aClass = Class.forName("com.linke.User");
//构造一个对象
User user = (User) aClass.newInstance(); //过时了 jdk9版本
//推荐使用 jdk9后就推荐使用该方法 如果没有无参构造器,调用该方法会报错,并且无参要保证访问权限足够
User user1 = (User) aClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println(user1);
//通过构造器创建对象
Constructor constructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,String.class,String.class);
User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("1233455","林可","18");
System.out.println(user2);
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User)aClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
Method setName = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("setName",String.class);
setName.invoke(user3,"王老五");
System.out.println(user3);
//通过反射操作属性
User user4 = (User)aClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
Field field = aClass.getDeclaredField("name");
field.setAccessible(true); //开启权限,因为访问权限是private,提升运行效率,但是降低了安全性
field.set(user4,"齐全");
System.out.println(user4);
}
}
setAccessible 了解
method和Field,Constructor对象都有setAccessible()方法
setAccessible作用是启动和禁用访问安全检查的开关
设置为true
- 提高反射的效率,如果代码中必须使用反射,而该句代码需要频繁频繁调用,那么设置为true
- 使得原本无法访问的私有成员也可以访问
参数值为false则指示反射对象应该实施Java语言访问检查
效率测试demo
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestDemo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
//普通方式调用
ordinaryMethod();
//反射方式调用
reflexMethod();
//反射方式调用 关闭检查
reflexMethod2();
}
public static void ordinaryMethod(){
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行1000000000次需要的时间" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms" );
}
public static void reflexMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class aClass = user.getClass();
Method getName = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式调用1000000000次需要的时间" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms" );
}
public static void reflexMethod2() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class aClass = user.getClass();
Method getName = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
getName.setAccessible(true);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式调用 关闭检查,调用1000000000次需要的时间" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms" );
}
}
反射操作泛型(了解扩展)
Java采用泛型擦除的机制引入泛型,Java中的泛型仅仅是给编译Javac使用,确保数据的安全性和免去强制类型转换问题。
但是,一旦编译完成,所有和泛型有关的类型全部擦除
为了通过反射操作这些类型,Java新增了ParameterizedType,GenercArrayType,TypeVarizble和WuldcardType几种类型来代表不能被归一到Class类中的类型,但是又和原始类型齐名的类型
- ParameterizedType: 表示一种参数化类型,比如Collection
- GenericArrayType: 表示一种元素类型是参数化类型或者类型变量的数组类型
- TypeVarizble: 是各种类型变量的公共父接口
- WildcardType: 代表一种通配符类型表达
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class TestDemo5 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Class aclass = TestDemo5.class;
Method method = aclass.getMethod("test01",Map.class,List.class);
Type [] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("###"+genericParameterType);
if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type [] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println("~~~~~"+actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
System.out.println("===============获取返回值泛型====================");
method = aclass.getMethod("test02",null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
System.out.println("###@@"+genericReturnType);
if(genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type [] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println("~~~~~"+actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
public Map<String,User> test02(){
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public void test01(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list) {
System.out.println("test01");
}
}
反射操作注解
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
//练习
public class TestDemo06 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class aClass = Class.forName("com.linke.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation [] annotations = aClass.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解的value的值
Linkes linkeField = (Linkes)aClass.getAnnotation(Linkes.class);
System.out.println(linkeField.value());
//获得类指定的注解
Field field = aClass.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(field);
LinkeField linkeField1 = field.getAnnotation(LinkeField.class);
System.out.println(linkeField1.columnName());
System.out.println(linkeField1.type());
System.out.println(linkeField1.length());
}
}
@Linkes("db_student")
class Student2{
@LinkeField(columnName ="db_id",type = "int", length = 10 )
private int id;
@LinkeField(columnName ="db_age",type = "int", length = 3 )
private int age;
@LinkeField(columnName ="db_name",type = "int", length = 100 )
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Linkes{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface LinkeField{
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}