目录

一  宿主机环境准备

1. CPU开启虚拟化

2. 验证是否开启虚拟化

3. 安装KVM工具包:

二 创建bridge网络虚拟机

1. 创建br0桥接网卡

2. 上传镜像并安装虚拟机:

3. 验证虚拟机桥接网络通信:

三  虚拟机管理命令virsh:

四  快速创建虚拟机


一  宿主机环境准备

KVM需要宿主机CPU必须支持虚拟化功能,因此如果是在vmware workstation上使用虚拟机做宿主机,那么必须要在虚拟机配置界面的处理器选项中开启虚拟机化功能。

1. CPU开启虚拟化

kvm 去虚拟化 kvm虚拟化教程_kvm 去虚拟化

2. 验证是否开启虚拟化

[root@s1 ~]# grep -E "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l

3. 安装KVM工具包:

Ubuntu 18.04:

https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/virtualization-libvirt

# apt install qemu-kvm virt-manager libvirt-daemon-system

# kvm-ok #验证是否支持kvm

  INFO: /dev/kvm exists

  KVM acceleration can be used

CentOS 7.X:

# yum install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools libvirt libvirt-client virt-manager virt-install

# systemctl start libvirtd

# systemctl enable libvirtd

# ifconfig virbr0 #验证是否生成NAT网卡virbr0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:89:c5:75 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

# grep "192.168.122.1" /etc/libvirt/ -R

/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml: <ip address='192.168.122.1'
netmask='255.255.255.0'>
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml: <ip address='192.168.122.1'
netmask='255.255.255.0'>

二 创建bridge网络虚拟机

桥接网络可以让运行在宿主机上的虚拟机使用和宿主机同网段IP,并且可以从外部直接访问到虚拟机,目前企业中大部分场景都使用桥接网络。

vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/linux49-nginx-web1.xml 虚拟机元数据信息

1. 创建br0桥接网卡

Ubuntu 18.04创建桥接网卡:

# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
   version: 2
   renderer: networkd
   ethernets:
      eth0:
      dhcp4: no
     dhcp6: no
   bridges:
      br0:
     dhcp4: no
     dhcp6: no
     addresses: [172.18.0.20/16]
     gateway4: 172.18.0.1
     nameservers:
         addresses: [223.6.6.6]
     interfaces:
        - eth0

kvm 去虚拟化 kvm虚拟化教程_运维_02

Centos 7.X创建桥接网卡:

[root@s1 src]
# pwd
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
# vim ifcfg-br0
 
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.18.200.101
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
GATEWAY=172.18.0.1
DNS1=172.18.0.1
# vim ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0

 

 

# systemctl restart network

2. 上传镜像并安装虚拟机:

# ll /usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1908.iso
  -rw-r--r-- 1 libvirt-qemu kvm 987758592 Nov 20 12:03 /usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1908.iso
#创建系统磁盘:
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7-bridge.qcow2 10G
Formatting '/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7-bridge.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=10737418240 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
#创建基于桥接网络的虚拟机
# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name centos7-bridge --ram 1024 --vcpus 2 --cdrom=/usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1908.iso
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7-bridge.qcow2 --network bridge=br0 --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole
注:iso文件不能放到root家目录下
      一定要开启cpu虚拟化,如果是物理宿主机,在bios里开启
      运行virt-manager报错(can‘t open display),要打开CRT的x11,重连
      启动libvirt服务 systemctl start libvirtd
                             systemctl enable libvirtd

3. 验证虚拟机桥接网络通信:

# ssh 172.18.144.43
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.18.144.43' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.18.144.43's password:
Last login: Fri Jun 14 18:38:05 2019
[root@localhost ~]# yum install pciutils #查看PCI设备
[root@localhost ~]# lspci
...
00:05.0 Communication controller: Red Hat, Inc. Virtio console #virtio为半虚拟化驱动
...

 

三  虚拟机管理命令virsh:

# virsh list #列出当前开机的
# virsh list --inactive #列出关闭的虚拟机
# virsh list --all #列出所有
# virsh shutdown CentOS-7-x86_64 #正常关机
# virsh start CentOS-7-x86_64 #正常开机
# virsh destroy centos7 #强制停止/关机
# virsh undefine Win_2008_r2-x86_64 #强制删除
# virsh autostart centos7 #设置当前虚拟机开机自启动

 

四  快速创建虚拟机

通过copy虚拟机磁盘文件,可以快速创建虚拟机

[root@s2 ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
# 复制已经配置好的kvm磁盘文件做模板,模板最好已安装必要的服务并做好相关配置,以此为模板创建的kvm就无需再重复这些操作。
# cp centos1.qcow2 centos1-bak.qcow2
# cp centos1-bak.qcow2 centos2.qcow2
# virt-install --virt-type kvm \
--name centos2 \
--ram 1024 \
--vcpus 2 \
--cdrom=/usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1908.iso \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos2.qcow2 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--noautoconsole #虚拟机不要开始安装过程,即虚拟机启动后立即强制关机重新启动即可进入到虚拟机系统
 
或 设置从hd启动
# virt-install --virt-type kvm \
--name centos2 \
--ram 1024 \
--vcpus 2 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos2.qcow2 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--noautoconsole \
--boot hd