环境需求
要进行jni开发,AS需要以下环境: 

方式一、在工程创建的时候添加
首先使用AS(3.0)新建一个JniTest工程 
在创建工程的过程中就有是否支持jni调用的选项 
 
当你把这个选项勾选上后,你会发现项目的App模块下自动就把cmake相关的内容配置好了,我们来看看与无jni调用的工程有什么不同。 
首先,app目录下多了CMakeLists.txt文件,内容如下:

# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
 # documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
 # or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
 # You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
 # Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.# 配置so库信息
 add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             # 生成的so库名称,此处生成的so文件名称是libnative-lib.so
              native-lib             # Sets the library as a shared library.
              # STATIC:静态库,是目标文件的归档文件,在链接其它目标的时候使用
              # SHARED:动态库,会被动态链接,在运行时被加载
              # MODULE:模块库,是不会被链接到其它目标中的插件,但是可能会在运行时使用dlopen-系列的函数动态链接
              SHARED             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
              # 资源文件,可以多个,
              # 资源路径是相对路径,相对于本CMakeLists.txt所在目录
              src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp )# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
 # variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
 # default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
 # you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
 # completing its build.# 从系统查找依赖库
 find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
               # android系统每个类型的库会存放一个特定的位置,而log库存放在log-lib中
               log-lib              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
               # you want CMake to locate.
               # android系统在c环境下打log到logcat的库
               log )# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
 # can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
 # build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.# 配置库的链接(依赖关系)
 target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.                       # 目标库
                        native-lib                       # Links the target library to the log library
                        # included in the NDK.
                        # 依赖于
                        ${log-lib} )



代码已经添加比较清晰的注释,使用的时候只需要拷贝到模块目录下,上方代码删除注释后一目了然,无需发愁!再看看app/build.gradle下又有什么变化:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
     compileSdkVersion 26
     defaultConfig {
         applicationId "com.test.jnitest2"
         minSdkVersion 15
         targetSdkVersion 26
         versionCode 1
         versionName "1.0"
         externalNativeBuild {
             cmake {
                 cppFlags ""
             }
         }
     }
     buildTypes {
         release {
             minifyEnabled false
             proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
         }
     }
     externalNativeBuild {
         cmake {
             path "CMakeLists.txt"
         }
     }
 }dependencies {
     implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
     implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'
     implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
 }


主要的多了关于CMake的两项配置:

// android下
     externalNativeBuild {
         cmake {
             path "CMakeLists.txt" // cmake配置文件路径
         }
     }

 // defaultConfig下
             cmake {
                 cppFlags ""
                 // 生成多个版本的so文件
                 abiFilters 'arm64-v8a', 'armeabi-v7a', 'x86', 'x86_64'
             }



具体的更多配置,请详查官方文档,根据需要修改。ok,配置就这么多,是不是很简单。接着我们看看资源目录: 

我们发现系统已经帮我们把native-lib.cpp源文件写好了,根据函数名可以知道,函数的native申明是在MainActivity中。我们再看看MainActivity文件,与以前的jni调用方式完成一样:

 

// Used to load the 'native-lib' library on application startup.
     static {
     // 加载库
         System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
     }    @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        // Example of a call to a native method
         TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sample_text);
         tv.setText(stringFromJNI()); // 发生jni调用
     }    /**
      * A native method that is implemented by the 'native-lib' native library,
      * which is packaged with this application.
      */
     public native String stringFromJNI(); // native申明



上面的过程包括了库的加载、native方法申明、jni方法调用三个过程。跟以往不同的是,你可以按住ctrl键鼠标左键点击native方法,也能像java一样跳转到方法的定义了,即native-lib.cpp文件中的Java_com_test_jnitest2_MainActivity_stringFromJNI方法。 
现在我们在MainActivity中再声明一个方法:

   

public native String getStr(String s);

我们选中函数名,然后alt+enter: 

自动就出现了创建jni方法的选项,确定后你会在native-lib.cpp中发现函数定义框架已经写好: 

so easy!你在函数中输入env->居然提示: 

方式二、在项目开发过程中添加
有时候,我们的项目已经在进行中或者维护中了,突然需要使用jni调用怎么办呢?AS已经提供了相对便捷的方法。首先在要使用jni调用的工程模块下新建一个CMakeLists.txt: 
 
代码:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6)
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
              xjni             # Sets the library as a shared library.
              SHARED             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
              src/main/jni/XJni.c )find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
                 log-lib                # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
                 # you want CMake to locate.
                 log )target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
               xjni              # Links the target library to the log library
               # included in the NDK.
               ${log-lib} )



CMakeLists.txt具体配置上面已经说过了,这个地方是去掉了注释了的。需要注意的是,如果我们不在c源代码文件中输出日志到logcat,那么我们是不需要依赖log库的,也就是说find_library、target_link_libraries不是必须的。 
接着配置模块支持jni调用,对项目模块右键: 
 
在弹出的提示框中选择刚新建配置的CMakeLists.txt文件: 
 
我们看看app/build.gradle有什么变化: 

编译完成,编译器会报找不到XJni.c文件错误。ok,那我们新建一个/app/src/main/jni/XJni.c:

#include <jni.h>



只有一行代码,ok,再编译,没问题!接下来新建jni调用java文件XJni.java:

package com.test.jnitest4;
public class XJni {
    static {
         System.loadLibrary("xjni");
     }    public native String getStr(String s);
 }


getStr方法显示错误红色,不用着急,我们选中函数名,按快捷键alt+enter: 

选择create function后,函数就自动在XJni.c文件中生成了

#include <jni.h>
JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
 Java_com_test_jnitest4_XJni_getStr(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance, jstring s_) {
     const char *s = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, s_, 0);    // TODO
    (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, s_, s);
    return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, returnValue);
 }