1.1用户行为分析的重要性
用户行为分析的重要性,我想做个网站的人都会用很清晰的认识,本来我想谈谈自己想法,但感觉自己毕竟还是做技术的,很难清晰的从商业价值的角度来分析它的重要性,因此放弃了想阐述自己意见的想法。当我第一次见到百度统计,和谷歌分析网站,就有那种惊鸿一瞥的激动,很想自己也能写出一套这样的网站,这也是我持续研究用户行为分析的初衷。
我估计还是有很多童鞋对“用户行为分析”的概念比较陌生,这里将百度百科里的解释在这里贴出来,抛砖引玉,希望能有更多的志同道合者跟我一起研究这个主题,百度百科的地址如下:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/2330219.htm
好了,废话不多说了,马上就进入正题。
1.2 设计优秀的数据采集系统
对于大型网站而言,网站响应速度是网站是否优秀一个重要衡量标准,下面我引用一些权威机构的统计数据来说明网站响应速度的重要性:
用户行为分析的前提就是能准确的采集到用户的相关数据,这就需要我们在网站页面里添加采集数据的代码,如果我们的采集代码写的不好,一定会对网站的性能产生一定的影响,更有甚者还会影响到网站的稳定性。因此设计一套性能卓越,安全性好,耦合度很低的日志采集程序是非常重要的。
这里我提供一套采集数据方案,方案详情如下:
我是做java的程序员,经常使用到的web应用服务器是tomact,jboss,weblogic等等,我这里为什么不使用这些我非常熟悉的web应用服务器,而去选择功能相对单一的apache或者是nginx呢?理由非常简单,因为apache和nginx速度更快,更加轻量级,这个经验来源于我做网站的经验,大型网站的服务端设计是很复杂的,但基本都有一个共同的原则:当用户一个请求提交到了服务端,服务端会先判断这个请求,如果请求的是一些对静态资源的访问(比如图片,不会变化的文字等),请求会直接提交到响应的静态资源服务器集群,这样速度会更快,而这些静态资源服务器基本都是apache或者是像nginx这样的轻量级web服务器集群。
1.3 采集系统之服务端
本地开发,我就不去搭建集群了,有兴趣的童鞋可以在网上查查相关的资料。本地开发我就搭建一个apache服务器。
服务器的开发非常简单,只要修改下apache下的conf文件(注意:我的开发平台是window7),代码如下:
<IfModule log_config_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b" common
<IfModule logio_module>
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
</IfModule>
在htdocs文件夹里添加如下文件:
1) a.gif。(1*1像素的透明文件)
2) click.html。(用于记录点击日志)
3) error.html。(记录错误信息日志)
启动apache服务器,我们在浏览器录入如下地址:
http://127.0.0.1/a.gif?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test
在logs文件夹里找到2012_06_26.access.log文件,打开文件,我们会看到如下日志:
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:11:37:07 +0800] [2012-06-26 11:37:07] "GET /a.gif?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test HTTP/1.1" [?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test] [/a.gif] 200 43
访问请求被完整的记录下来了。
1.4 采集系统之客户端
采集系统的核心还是客户端的采集脚本,这里我会贴出完整的采集脚本以及测试页面,代码的详细解析我会在以后的博客里进行阐述。
我的采集脚本可以记录用户访问的日志,还能记录用户的点击日志,不过点击日志一般包含业务含义需要用户根据自己的需求去定义。代码如下:
up_beacon.js:
View Code
(function(window,document,undefined){
// upLogger对象是采集脚本对外提供的操作对象
if (window.upLogger){//如果不为空,直接返回,避免重复安装
return;
}
var upBeaconUtil ={//日志记录工具类
jsName:'up_beacon.js',//程序名称
defaultVer:20120607,//版本日期
getVersion:function(){//获取版本号
var e = this.jsName;
var a = new RegExp(e + "(\\?(.*))?$");
var d = document.getElementsByTagName("script");
for (var i = 0;i < d.length;i++){
var b = d[i];
if (b.src && b.src.match(a)){
var z = b.src.match(a)[2];
if (z && (/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/).test(z)){
return z;
}
}
}
return this.defaultVer;
},
setCookie:function(sName,sValue,oExpires,sPath,sDomain,bSecure){//设置cookie信息
var currDate = new Date(),
sExpires = typeof oExpires == 'undefined'?'':';expires=' + new Date(currDate.getTime() + (oExpires * 24 * 60 * 60* 1000)).toUTCString();
document.cookie = sName + '=' + sValue + sExpires + ((sPath == null)?'':(' ;path=' + sPath)) + ((sDomain == null)?'':(' ;domain=' + sDomain)) + ((bSecure == true)?' ; secure':'');
},
getCookie:function(sName){//获取cookie信息
var regRes = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )" + sName + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"));
return (regRes != null)?unescape(regRes[2]):'-';
},
getRand:function(){// 生产页面的唯一标示
var currDate = new Date();
var randId = currDate.getTime() + '-';
for (var i = 0;i < 32;i++)
{
randId += Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
}
return randId;
},
parseError:function(obj){
var retVal = '';
for (var key in obj){
retVal += key + '=' + obj[key] + ';';
}
return retVal;
},
getParam:function(obj,flag){// 参数转化方法
var retVal = null;
if (obj){
if (upBeaconUtil.isString(obj) || upBeaconUtil.isNumber(obj)){
retVal = obj;
}else{
if (upBeaconUtil.isObject(obj)){
var tmpStr = '';
for (var key in obj){
if (obj[key] != null && obj[key] != undefined){
var tmpObj = obj[key];
if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(tmpObj)){
tmpObj = tmpObj.join(',');
}else{
if (upBeaconUtil.isDate(tmpObj)){
tmpObj = tmpObj.getTime();
}
}
tmpStr += key + '=' + tmpObj + '&';
}
}
tmpStr = tmpStr.substring(0,tmpStr.length - 1);
retVal = tmpStr;
}else{
if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(obj)){
if (upBeaconUtil.length & upBeaconUtil.length > 0){
retVal = obj.join(',');
}
}else{
retVal = obj.toString();
}
}
}
}
if (!retVal){
retVal = '-';
}
if (flag){
retVal = encodeURIComponent(retVal);
retVal = this.base64encode(retVal);
}
return retVal;
},
base64encode: function(G) {//base64加密
var A = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
var C, E, z;
var F, D, B;
z = G.length;
E = 0;
C = "";
while (E < z) {
F = G.charCodeAt(E++) & 255;
if (E == z) {
C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
C += A.charAt((F & 3) << 4);
C += "==";
break
}
D = G.charCodeAt(E++);
if (E == z) {
C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
C += A.charAt(((F & 3) << 4) | ((D & 240) >> 4));
C += A.charAt((D & 15) << 2);
C += "=";
break
}
B = G.charCodeAt(E++);
C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
C += A.charAt(((F & 3) << 4) | ((D & 240) >> 4));
C += A.charAt(((D & 15) << 2) | ((B & 192) >> 6));
C += A.charAt(B & 63)
}
return C
},
getDomain:function(){//获取网站的域名
return document.URL.substring(document.URL.indexOf("://") + 3,document.URL.lastIndexOf("\/"));
},
isString:function(obj){// 判断是不是String类型
return (obj != null) && (obj != undefined) && (typeof obj == 'string') && (obj.constructor == String);
},
isNumber:function(obj){// 判断是否是数组
return (typeof obj == 'number') && (obj.constructor == Number);
},
isDate:function(obj){// 判断是否是日期
return obj && (typeof obj == 'object') && (obj.constructor == Date);
},
isArray:function(obj){//判断是否是数组
return obj && (typeof obj == 'object') && (obj.constructor == Array);
},
isObject:function(obj){//判断是否是对象
return obj && (typeof obj == 'object') && (obj.constructor == Object)
},
trim:function(str){// 去除左右两边空格
return str.replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/, "");;
}
},
beacon_vist_num = isNaN(beacon_vist_num = +upBeaconUtil.getCookie('up_beacon_vist_count')) ? 1:beacon_vist_num + 1;// 从cookie里获取访问次数
upBeaconUtil.setCookie('up_beacon_vist_count',beacon_vist_num);//记录新的访问次数
var setUpBeaconId = function(){
var sUpBeaconId = upBeaconUtil.trim(upBeaconUtil.getCookie('up_beacon_id'));
if (sUpBeaconId == undefined || sUpBeaconId == null || sUpBeaconId == '' || sUpBeaconId == '-'){
upBeaconUtil.setCookie('up_beacon_id',(upBeaconUtil.getDomain() + '.' + (new Date()).getTime()));
}
}(),
beaconMethod = {
uvId:'up_beacon_id',//
memId:'up_dw_track' ,
beaconUrl:'127.0.0.1/a.gif',//记录访问日志的url
errorUrl:'127.0.0.1/error.html',//记录错误日志的url
clickUrl:'127.0.0.1/click.html',//记录click日志的url
pageId:typeof _beacon_pageid != 'undefined'?_beacon_pageid:(_beacon_pageid = upBeaconUtil.getRand()),//生产pageId(页面唯一标示)
protocol:function(){//请求的协议例如http://
var reqHeader = location.protocol;
if ('file:' === reqHeader){
reqHeader = 'http:';
}
return reqHeader + '//';
},
tracking:function(){// 记录访问日志的方法(对外)
this.beaconLog();
},
getRefer:function(){// 获取上游页面信息
var reqRefer = document.referrer;
reqRefer == location.href && (reqRefer = '');
try{
reqRefer = '' == reqRefer ? opener.location:reqRefer;
reqRefer = '' == reqRefer ? '-':reqRefer;
}catch(e){
reqRefer = '-';
}
return reqRefer;
},
beaconLog:function(){// 记录访问日志方法
try{
var httpHeadInd = document.URL.indexOf('://'),
httpUrlContent = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(document.URL.substring(httpHeadInd + 2)) + '}',
hisPageUrl = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(this.getRefer()) + '}',
ptId = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(this.memId),
cId = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(this.uvId),
btsVal = upBeaconUtil.getCookie('b_t_s'),
beanconMObj = {};
var btsFlag = btsVal == '-' || btsVal.indexOf('s') == -1;
if (ptId != '-'){
beanconMObj.memId = ptId;
}
if (btsFlag){
beanconMObj.subIsNew = 1;
upBeaconUtil.setCookie('b_t_s',btsVal == '-' ? 's' : (btsVal + 's'),10000,'/');
}else{
beanconMObj.subIsNew = 0;
}
var logParams = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(beanconMObj) + '}',
logPageId = this.pageId,
logTitle = document.title;
if (logTitle.length > 25){
logTitle = logTitle.substring(0,25);
}
logTitle = encodeURIComponent(logTitle);
var logCharset = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') != -1) ? document.charset : document.characterSet,
logQuery = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam({
pageId:logPageId,
title:logTitle,
charset:logCharset,
sr:(window.screen.width + '*' + window.screen.height)
}) + '}';
var sparam = {
logUrl:httpUrlContent,
logHisRefer:hisPageUrl,
logParams:logParams,
logQuery:logQuery
};
this.sendRequest(this.beaconUrl,sparam);
}catch(ex){
this.sendError(ex);
}
},
clickLog:function(sparam){// 记录点击日志
try{
// 获得pageId
var clickPageId = this.pageId;
if (!clickPageId){// 当pageId值为空,重新计算pageId
this.pageId = upBeaconUtil.getRand();
clickPageId = this.pageId;
}
var clickAuthId = this.authId;//authId是针对某个网站的唯一标示
if (!clickAuthId){
clickAuthId = '-';
}
if (upBeaconUtil.isObject(sparam)){// 当传入参数是javascript对象
sparam.pageId = clickPageId;
sparam.authId = clickAuthId;
}else{
if (upBeaconUtil.isString(sparam) && sparam.indexOf('=') > 0){// 当传入参数是字符串
sparam += '&pageId=' + clickPageId + "&authId=" + clickAuthId;
}else{
if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(sparam)){// 当传入参数是数组
sparam.push("pageId=" + clickPageId);
sparam.push("authId=" + clickAuthId);
sparam = sparam.join('&');//数组转化为字符串
}else{// 其他数据类型
sparam = {pageId:clickPageId,authId:clickAuthId};
}
}
}
this.sendRequest(this.clickUrl, sparam);// 发送点击日志
}catch(ex){
this.sendError(ex);
}
},
sendRequest:function(url,params){// 日志发送方法
var urlParam = '',currDate = new Date();
try{
if (params){
urlParam = upBeaconUtil.getParam(params,false);
urlParam = (urlParam == '')?urlParam:(urlParam + '&');
}
var tmpUrlParam = 'ver=' + upBeaconUtil.getVersion() + '&time=' + currDate.getTime();
url = this.protocol() + url + '?' + urlParam + tmpUrlParam;
var logImage = new Image();
logImage.onload = function(){
logImage = null;
}
logImage.src = url;
}catch(e){
this.sendError(e);
}
},
sendError:function(ex){// 发送错误日志
var errURIParams = upBeaconUtil.parseError(ex),
errURL = this.errorUrl + '?type=send&exception=' + encodeURIComponent(errURIParams.toString()),
errImage = new Image();
errImage.onload = function(){
errImage = null;
};
errImage.src = this.protocol() + errURL;
}
};
beaconMethod.tracking();
window.upLogger = beaconMethod;//构建window的upLogger对象
})(window,document);
install_up_beacon.js文件,这个文件对外提供:
(function(window,document,undefined){
/*安装采集脚本的js程序*/
// upLogger对象是采集脚本对外提供的操作对象
if (window.upLogger){//如果不为空,直接返回,避免重复安装
return;
}
var cookieUtil = {//cookie操作工具类
setCookie:function(sName,sValue,oExpires,sPath,sDomain,bSecure){
var currDate = new Date(),
sExpires = typeof oExpires == 'undefined'?'':';expires=' + new Date(currDate.getTime() + (oExpires * 24 * 60 * 60* 1000)).toUTCString();
document.cookie = sName + '=' + sValue + sExpires + ((sPath == null)?'':(' ;path=' + sPath)) + ((sDomain == null)?'':(' ;domain=' + sDomain)) + ((bSecure == true)?' ; secure':'');
},
getCookie:function(sName){
var regRes = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )" + sName + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"));
return (regRes != null)?unescape(regRes[2]):'-';
}
};
var btsVal = cookieUtil.getCookie('b_t_s'),//b_t_s的cookie作用1.标识该页面是否已经安装了采集脚本;2.记录采集脚本的有效期
startTime = 0,
intervalTime = 3 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
currIntervalTime = new Date().getTime() - 1200000000000,
domainHead = (document.URL.substring(0,document.URL.indexOf('://'))) + '://';
if (btsVal != '-' && btsVal.indexOf('t') != -1){
var getBtsTime = btsVal.substring(btsVal.indexOf('t') + 1,btsVal.indexOf('x'));
getCurrInterVal = currIntervalTime - getBtsTime;
if (getCurrInterVal > intervalTime){
startTime = currIntervalTime;
cookieUtil.setCookie('b_t_s',btsVal.replace('t' + getBtsTime + 'x', 't' + currIntervalTime + 'x'), 10000, '/');
}else{
startTime = getBtsTime;
}
}else{
if (btsVal == '-'){
cookieUtil.setCookie('b_t_s','t' + currIntervalTime + 'x', 10000, '/');
}else{
cookieUtil.setCookie('b_t_s',btsVal + 't' + currIntervalTime + 'x', 10000, '/');
}
startTime = currIntervalTime;
}
document.write('<script src="' + domainHead + '127.0.0.1/up_beacon.js?' + startTime + '"><\/script>');//安装采集脚本
})(window,document);
下面是测试页面;
第一个测试页面:testbeacon.html,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>beacon test page</title>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="install_up_beacon.js"></script>
<body>
<h1>日志测试</h1>
<input type="button" value="Click Button" id="clickBtn" name="clickBtn" onclick="clickLog('testClickBtn','MyTest')"/>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 用户行为统计代码
function recordStaticLogerr(authId,type,msg){
if (window.upLogger){
upLogger.authId = authId;
upLogger.clickLog('type=' + type + '&clickTarget=' + msg);
}
}
// 记录click日志的方法
function clickLog(clog_msg,clog_type){
var clog_authId = 'sharpxiajun';
recordStaticLogerr(clog_authId,clog_type,clog_msg);
}
</script>
第二个测试页面:parent.html,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>parent html</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="testbeacon.html" target="_self">child.html</a>
</body>
</html>
1.5 测试结果
测试地址:
http://localhost/testbeacon.html
http://localhost/parent.html
我们查看cookies信息,如下图:
日志信息如下:
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:52 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:52] "GET /parent.html HTTP/1.1" [] [/parent.html] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /testbeacon.html HTTP/1.1" [] [/testbeacon.html] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /install_up_beacon.js HTTP/1.1" [] [/install_up_beacon.js] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /up_beacon.js?140675524644 HTTP/1.1" [?140675524644] [/up_beacon.js] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /a.gif?logUrl={/localhost/testbeacon.html}&logHisRefer={http://localhost/parent.html}&logParams={subIsNew=0}&logQuery={pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&title=beacon%20test%20page&charset=UTF-8&sr=1280*1024}&ver=140675524644&time=1340676114791 HTTP/1.1" [?logUrl={/localhost/testbeacon.html}&logHisRefer={http://localhost/parent.html}&logParams={subIsNew=0}&logQuery={pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&title=beacon%20test%20page&charset=UTF-8&sr=1280*1024}&ver=140675524644&time=1340676114791] [/a.gif] 200 43
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:02:01 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:02:01] "GET /click.html?type=MyTest&clickTarget=testClickBtn&pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&authId=sharpxiajun&ver=140675524644&time=1340676121252 HTTP/1.1" [?type=MyTest&clickTarget=testClickBtn&pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&authId=sharpxiajun&ver=140675524644&time=1340676121252] [/click.html] 200 310
大家看到了吧,请求都被记录下来,下面我们只要好好分析这些日志文件的信息就行了。