国内镜像安装django

转载

mob64ca14068b0b 2024-10-04 07:55:07

文章标签 国内镜像安装django linux 服务器网络 System 文章分类 云原生云计算

部署cobbler和镜像手动安装和自动安装方法

文章目录

部署cobbler和镜像手动安装和自动安装方法

@[toc]
一、cobbler简介
二、cobbler功能
三、cobbler集成的服务
四、cobbler命令
五、部署

1. 配置
2. 手动安装
3. 自动安装

一、cobbler简介

Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境。

Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务，而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。

使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS、TFTP、RSYNC以及yum仓库、构造系统ISO镜像。 Cobbler支持命令行管理，web界面管理，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用，Cobbler客户端Koan支持虚拟机安装和操作系统重新安装。

1、Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动（PXE）的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
2、Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具（cobbler-web），还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。
3、Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。
4、Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet。

二、cobbler功能

1、服务器上架后，可以手动选择需要安装的系统（如：Centos6.8 或 Centos 7.3）

2、服务器上架后，能够根据需求，安装配置操作系统（如：修改IP地址、主机名、选择安装包）

3、系统安装后，可以自定义的执行脚本，完成系统基础软件初始化（如：Zabbix安装配置、SaltStack安装配置）

4、可以当内部YUM源，并在系统安装时进行初始化

5、可以重装系统

6、Cobbler支持API，可以无缝融合到自建运维平台中

7、Cobbler支持网卡的路由配置、DNS配置、bonding

三、cobbler集成的服务

1、PXE服务支持

2、DHCP服务管理

3、DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)

4、电源管理

5、Kickstart服务支持

6、YUM仓库管理

7、TFTP(PXE启动时需要)

8、Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

四、cobbler命令

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

五、部署

环境说明：

主机	IP地址	网关	系统
cobbler	192.168.183.141	192.168.183.2	centos

1. 配置

//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
//重启生效
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
Disabled


//配置yum源，并安装epel源
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*



//安装cobbler及相关软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
cobbler              3               default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server                                                                                                                                                                                                         
cobbler              3.3             default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server                                                 
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3
······
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon 
······


//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp.socket
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.


//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" "lishuai123"
$1$685$s67bZ5GeP2U3bEIlTMMs1.


//修改cobbler主配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install vim -y
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
103 default_password_crypted: "$1$685$s67bZ5GeP2U3bEIlTMMs1."		//修改密码为新生成的加密密码
······
220 manage_dhcp: true		//将dhcp功能打开
······
255 next_server: 192.168.183.141		tftp的ip地址，为本机ip
······
353 server: 192.168.183.141		//server的ip地址，为本机ip
······
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service


//通过cobbler check核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@localhost ~]# 

//问题1解决办法：
[root@rhel8 ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@rhel8 ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@rhel8 ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@rhel8 ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32  pxelinux.0

问题2和问题3解决办法
[root@rhel8 ~]# yum -y install yum-utils

问题4和问题5可以忽略，
因为是debian系统才需要解决，显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents


//配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.183.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {		//网段
     option routers             192.168.183.2;		//网关
     option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;	//dns服务器
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;		//子网掩码
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.183.150 192.168.183.160;		//IP地址池
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
          
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service httpd


//同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
······
shell triggers finished successfully


管理distro
//挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.

//导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=lishuai arch=x86_64
······

//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   lishuai-x86_64

profiles:
   lishuai-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

//查看详细信息  查看指定的--name 接镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name lishuai-x86_64
Name                           : lishuai-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/lishuai-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Boot loader                    : grub
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lishuai/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lishuai/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key          : 
Remote Boot Initrd             : ~
Remote Boot Kernel             : ~
Template Files                 : {}

//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name lishuai-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lishuai.ks
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lishuai.ks
······
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled		//关闭防火墙
······
%packageso
@^minimal-environment		//设置最小化安装
······

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lishuai.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.183.141/cblr/links/lishuai-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.183.141/cobbler/distro_mirror/lishuai/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.183.141/cobbler/distro_mirror/lishuai/BaseOS

# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on  

# Reboot after installation
reboot

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$30275$/guecEG04ZaM.46rVU9Bb1
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart

%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1

# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &



# Enable installation monitoring

%end

%packageso
@^minimal-environment
%end

%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1

%end

%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1

# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.183.141/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/lishuai-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo

# End yum configuration



# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code

# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)

# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.183.141" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.183.141" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration

# Enable post-install boot notification

# Start final steps

curl "http://192.168.183.141/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/lishuai-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end

[root@localhost ~]# 


//如果是生产环境，那么部署就已经完成，如果是虚拟机就还需执行以下步骤
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py  mkgrub.sh
migrate-settings.sh       settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ll
total 72
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    79 Sep 24 10:12 grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    31 Sep 24 10:12 ldlinux.c32 -> /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26272 Sep 24 09:42 menu.c32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42376 Sep 24 09:41 pxelinux.0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd