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案例2:关联查询和 @Query 查询
如果两个对象的查询,有关联关系,则可以在方法名中的添加下划线来标识。
我们就用 学生 和 班级 的关系,来给大家举个例子。
1)编辑 pom.xml 文件(与 CrudRepository 接口案例一样)
2)编辑 application.properties 文件(与 CrudRepository 接口案例一样)
3)创建 Student 和 Clazz 持久化类
// 学生
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_student")
public class Student implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name ;
private String address ;
private int age ;
private char sex;
// 学生与班级是多对一的关系,这里配置的是双向关联
@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY, targetEntity=Clazz.class)
@JoinColumn(name="clazzId", referencedColumnName="code")
// 班级
private Clazz clazz ;
// 学生构造器
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, String address, int age, char sex,
Clazz clazz) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
this.clazz = clazz;
}
// getXxx 和 setXxx 方法
}
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_clazz")
public class Clazz implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int code ;
private String name ;
// 班级与学生是一对多的关联
@OneToMany(
fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
targetEntity=Student.class,
mappedBy="clazz"
)
private Set students = new HashSet<>();public Clazz() {
}// 班级对象public Clazz(String name) {this.name = name;
}
}
4)创建 ClazzRepository 和 StudentRepository 数据访问接口
public interface ClazzRepository extends JpaRepository<Clazz, Integer> {
}
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer> {
/**
* 根据班级名称查询这个班级下所有的学生信息
* 相当于JPQL语句
* select s from Student s where s.clazz.name = ?1
*/
List findByClazz_name(String clazzName);
/**
* @Query 写法
* 根据班级名称查询这个班级下所有的学生信息
* ?1 此处使用的是参数的位置,代表的是第一个参数
* 此写法与上面的方法实现的功能完全一致
* */
@Query("select s from Student s where s.clazz.name = ?1")
List findStudentsByClazzName(String clazzName);
/**
* 使用 @Query 注解的形式,查询某个班级下所有学生的姓名和性别
*/
@Query("select new Map(s.name as name , s.sex as sex) "
+ "from Student s where s.clazz.name = ?1")
List> findNameAndSexByClazzName(String clazzName);/**
* 使用 @Query 注解的形式,查询某个班级下某种性别的所有学生的姓名
* 上面方法是用的是参数的位置来查询的,Spring Data JPA中还支持用
* 名称来匹配查询使用格式 “:参数名称” 引用
*/@Query("select s.name from Student s "
+ "where s.clazz.name = :clazzName and s.sex = :sex ")List findNameByClazzNameAndSex(@Param("clazzName")String clazzName , @Param("sex")char sex);/**
* 使用 @Query 注解的形式,查询某个学生属于哪个班级
*/@Query("select c.name from Clazz c inner join c.students s "
+ "where s.name = ?1 ")String findClazzNameByStuName(String stuName);/**
* 执行更新查询,使用 @Query与 @Modifying 可以执行更新操作
*/@Modifying@Query("delete from Student s where s.name = ?1")int deleteStuByStuName(String stuName);
}
5)创建 SchoolService 业务层类
@Service
public class SchoolService {
// 注入数据访问层接口对象
@Resource
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Resource
private ClazzRepository clazzRepository;
@Transactional
public void saveClazzAll(List clazzs) {
clazzRepository.saveAll(clazzs);
}
@Transactional
public void saveStudentAll(List students) {
studentRepository.saveAll(students);
}
public List> getStusByClazzName(String clazzName) {
List students = studentRepository.findByClazz_name(clazzName);// List students = studentRepository.findStudentsByClazzName(clazzName);
List> results = new ArrayList<>(); // 遍历查询出的学生对象,提取姓名,年龄,性别信息for(Student student:students){
Map stu = new HashMap<>();
stu.put("name", student.getName());
stu.put("age", student.getAge());
stu.put("sex", student.getSex());
results.add(stu);
}return results;
}public List> findNameAndSexByClazzName(String clazzName) {return studentRepository.findNameAndSexByClazzName(clazzName);
}public List findNameByClazzNameAndSex(
String clazzName, char sex) {return studentRepository.findNameByClazzNameAndSex(clazzName, sex);
}public String findClazzNameByStuName(String stuName) {return studentRepository.findClazzNameByStuName(stuName);
}@Transactionalpublic int deleteStuByStuName(String stuName) {return studentRepository.deleteStuByStuName(stuName);
}
}
6)创建 StudentController 控制器类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
@Resource
private SchoolService schoolService;
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String save() {
Clazz clazz1 = new Clazz("架构师 001 班");
Clazz clazz2 = new Clazz("架构师 002 班");
// 保存班级对象数据
List clazzs = new ArrayList<>();
clazzs.add(clazz1);
clazzs.add(clazz2);
schoolService.saveClazzAll(clazzs);
Student s1 = new Student("小黄","广州",18,'男',clazz1);
Student s2 = new Student("小红","北京",17,'女',clazz1);
Student s3 = new Student("小绿","成都",15,'男',clazz2);
List students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
schoolService.saveStudentAll(students);return "保存学生对象成功";
}/**
* 查询某个班级下所有的学生姓名,年龄,性别
*/@RequestMapping("/getClazzStus")public List> getClazzStus(String clazzName){return schoolService.getStusByClazzName(clazzName);
} /**
* 查询某个班级下所有的学生姓名,性别
*/@RequestMapping("/findNameAndSexByClazzName")public List> findNameAndSexByClazzName(String clazzName){return schoolService.findNameAndSexByClazzName(clazzName);
} /**
* 查询某个班级下某种性别的所有学生的姓名
*/@RequestMapping("/findNameByClazzNameAndSex")public List findNameByClazzNameAndSex(String clazzName ,Character sex){return schoolService.findNameByClazzNameAndSex(clazzName ,sex);
} /**
* 查询某个学生属于哪个班级
*/@RequestMapping("/findClazzNameByStuName")public String findClazzNameByStuName(String stuName){return schoolService.findClazzNameByStuName(stuName);
} /**
* 删除某个学生对象
*/@RequestMapping("/deleteStuByStuName")public String deleteStuByStuName(String stuName){return "删除数据:"+schoolService.deleteStuByStuName(stuName);
}
}
7)测试
http://localhost:8080/student/save
案例3:NamedQuery 查询
使用 NameQuery 就是一个名称映射一个查询语句的查询操作。
1)编辑 pom.xml 文件(与 CrudRepository 接口案例一样)
2)创建 Student 和 Clazz 持久化类
先看 Student 类。
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_student")
// 查询班级下的学生
@NamedQuery(name="Student.findStudentsByClazzName",query="select s from Student s where s.clazz.name = ?1")
public class Student implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name ;
private String address ;
private int age ;
private char sex;
// 学生与班级是多对一的关系,这里配置的是双向关联
@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
targetEntity=Clazz.class
)
@JoinColumn(name="clazzId",referencedColumnName="code")
private Clazz clazz ;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, String address, int age, char sex,
Clazz clazz) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
this.clazz = clazz;
}
// setXxx 和 getXxx 方法
}
再来看看 Clazz 类。
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_clazz")
public class Clazz implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int code ;
private String name ;
// 班级与学生是一对多的关联
@OneToMany(
fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
targetEntity=Student.class,
mappedBy="clazz"
)
private Set students = new HashSet<>();public Clazz() {
}// 班级对象public Clazz(String name) {this.name = name;
}// setXxx 和 getXxx 方法
}
3)创建 StudentRepository 和 ClazzRepository 数据访问接口
先看 StudentRepository 类。
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer> {
/**
* 查询班级下的所有学生
*/
List findStudentsByClazzName(String clazzName);
}
再看 ClazzRepository 类。
public interface ClazzRepository extends JpaRepository<Clazz, Integer> {
}
4)创建 ShcoolService 业务层
@Service
public class ShcoolService {
// 注入数据访问层接口对象
@Resource
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Resource
private ClazzRepository clazzRepository;
@Transactional
public void saveClazzAll(List clazzs) {
clazzRepository.saveAll(clazzs);
}
@Transactional
public void saveStudentAll(List students) {
studentRepository.saveAll(students);
}
public List> getStusByClazzName(String clazzName) {// 查询班级下的所有学生
List students = studentRepository.findStudentsByClazzName(clazzName);
List> results = new ArrayList<>(); // 遍历查询出的学生对象,提取姓名,年龄,性别信息for(Student student:students){
Map stu = new HashMap<>();
stu.put("name", student.getName());
stu.put("age", student.getAge());
stu.put("sex", student.getSex());
results.add(stu);
}return results;
}
}
5)创建 StudentController 控制器类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
@Resource
private ShcoolService shcoolService;
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String save() {
Clazz clazz1 = new Clazz("架构师001班");
Clazz clazz2 = new Clazz("架构师002班");
// 保存班级对象数据
List clazzs = new ArrayList<>();
clazzs.add(clazz1);
clazzs.add(clazz2);
shcoolService.saveClazzAll(clazzs);
Student s1 = new Student("帅帅","广州",18,'男',clazz1);
Student s2 = new Student("小黄","广州",17,'女',clazz1);
Student s3 = new Student("小红","广州",15,'男',clazz2);
List students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
shcoolService.saveStudentAll(students);return "保存学生成功";
}/**
* 查询某个班级下所有的学生姓名,年龄,性别
*/@RequestMapping("/getClazzStus")public List> getClazzStus(String clazzName){return shcoolService.getStusByClazzName(clazzName);
}
}
6)测试
http://localhost:8080/student/save
案例4:Specification 查询
1)编辑 pom.xml 文件(与 CrudRepository 接口案例一样)
2)编辑 application.properties 文件(与 CrudRepository 接口案例一样)
3)创建 Clazz 和 Student 持久化类
先来看 Clazz 类。
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_clazz")
public class Clazz implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int code ;
private String name ;
// 班级与学生是一对多的关联
@OneToMany(
fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
targetEntity=Student.class,
mappedBy="clazz"
)
private Set students = new HashSet<>();public Clazz() {
}// 班级对象public Clazz(String name) {this.name = name;
}// setXxx 和 getXxx 方法
}
再来看看 Student 类。
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_student")
public class Student implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name ;
private String address ;
private int age ;
private char sex;
// 学生与班级是多对一的关系,这里配置的是双向关联
@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
targetEntity=Clazz.class
)
@JoinColumn(name="clazzId",referencedColumnName="code")
private Clazz clazz ;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, String address, int age, char sex,
Clazz clazz) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
this.clazz = clazz;
}
// setXxx 和 getXxx 方法
}
4)创建 ClazzRepository 和 StudentRepository 数据访问接口
先看 ClazzRepository 类。
public interface ClazzRepository extends JpaRepository<Clazz, Integer> ,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Clazz>{
}
再看 StudentRepository 类。
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student,Integer>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student>{
}
5)创建 ShcoolService 业务层
@Service
public class ShcoolService {
// 注入数据访问层接口对象
@Resource
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Resource
private ClazzRepository clazzRepository;
@Transactional
public void saveClazzAll(List clazzs) {
clazzRepository.saveAll(clazzs);
}
@Transactional
public void saveStudentAll(List students) {
studentRepository.saveAll(students);
}
/**
* 根据性别查询学生信息
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public List> getStusBySex(char sex) {
List students = studentRepository.findAll(new Specification() {@Overridepublic Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery> query,
CriteriaBuilder cb) {
Predicate p1 = cb.equal(root.get("sex"), sex);return p1;
}
});
List> results = new ArrayList<>(); for(Student student:students){
Map stu = new HashMap<>();
stu.put("name", student.getName());
stu.put("age", student.getAge());
stu.put("sex", student.getSex());
results.add(stu);
}return results;
}/**
* 动态查询学生信息
* 可以根据学生对象的姓名(模糊匹配)
* 地址查询(模糊匹配)、性别、班级查询学生信息
* 如果没有传输参数,默认查询所有的学生信息
*/@SuppressWarnings("serial")public List> getStusByDynamic(Student student) {
List students = studentRepository.findAll(new Specification() {@Overridepublic Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery> query,
CriteriaBuilder cb) {// 本集合用于封装查询条件
List predicates = new ArrayList(); if(student!=null){/** 是否传入了姓名来查询 */if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(student.getName())){
predicates.add(cb.like(root. get("name"),"%" + student.getName() + "%"));
}/** 是否传入了地址来查询 */if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(student.getAddress())){
predicates.add(cb.like(root. get("address"),"%" + student.getAddress() + "%"));
}/** 是否传入了性别来查询 */if(student.getSex() != '\0'){
predicates.add(cb.equal(root. get("sex"),student.getSex()));
}/** 判断是否传入了班级信息来查询 */if(student.getClazz()!=null && !StringUtils.isEmpty(student.getClazz().getName())){
root.join("clazz", JoinType.INNER);
Path clazzName = root.get("clazz").get("name");
predicates.add(cb.equal(clazzName, student.getClazz().getName()));
}
}return query.where(predicates.toArray(new Predicate[predicates.size()])).getRestriction();
}
});
List> results = new ArrayList<>(); for(Student stu :students){
Map stuMap = new HashMap<>();
stuMap.put("name", stu.getName());
stuMap.put("age", stu.getAge());
stuMap.put("sex", stu.getSex());
stuMap.put("address", stu.getAddress());
stuMap.put("clazzName", stu.getClazz().getName());
results.add(stuMap);
}return results;
}/**
* 分页查询某个班级的学生信息
*/@SuppressWarnings("serial")public Page getStusByPage(String clazzName , int pageIndex , int pageSize ) {// 指定排序参数对象:根据id,进行降序查询
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");// 分页查询学生信息,返回分页实体对象数据// pages对象中包含了查询出来的数据信息,以及与分页相关的信息
Page pages = studentRepository.findAll(new Specification() {@Overridepublic Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery> query,
CriteriaBuilder cb) {
root.join("clazz", JoinType.INNER);
Path cn = root.get("clazz").get("name");
Predicate p1 = cb.equal(cn, clazzName);return p1 ;
}
},PageRequest.of(pageIndex-1, pageSize, sort));return pages;
}
}
6)创建分页对象
添加 nx.vo 文件夹,然后创建分页对象,具体如下:
public class PageData {
// 定义一个变量用于存放当前页码
private int pageIndex;
// 定义一个变量用于保存满足查询条件下用于分页的数据总量
private long totalCount ;
// 定义一个变量用于保存当前条件下总共可以分的总页数
private int pageSize ;
// 定义一个变量用于保存当前页码查询出的数据总量
private int pageNum;
// 定义一个变量用于保存当前查询出来的学生信息
private List> stuDatas = new ArrayList<>();// setXxx 和 getXxx 方法
}
7)创建 StudentController 控制器类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
// 注入ShcoolService
@Resource
private ShcoolService shcoolService;
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String save() {
Clazz clazz1 = new Clazz("架构师001班");
Clazz clazz2 = new Clazz("架构师002班");
// 保存班级对象数据
List clazzs = new ArrayList<>();
clazzs.add(clazz1);
clazzs.add(clazz2);
shcoolService.saveClazzAll(clazzs);
Student s1 = new Student("小黄","广州",17,'男',clazz1);
Student s2 = new Student("小红","成都",15,'女',clazz1);
Student s3 = new Student("小绿","上海",15,'男',clazz1);
Student s4 = new Student("小豆","北京",15,'女',clazz2);
Student s5 = new Student("小牛","西藏",15,'男',clazz2);
Student s6 = new Student("小兰","黑龙江",17,'女',clazz2);
List students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
students.add(s5);
students.add(s6);
shcoolService.saveStudentAll(students);return "保存学生成功";
}@RequestMapping("/getStusBySex")public List> getStusBySex(char sex){return shcoolService.getStusBySex(sex);
} // 动态的查询学生信息 @RequestMapping("/getStusByDynamic")public List> getStusByDynamic(Student student) {return shcoolService.getStusByDynamic(student);
}// 分页查询某个班级下的学生信息@RequestMapping("/getStusByPage")public PageData getStusByPage(String clazzName , int pageIndex , int pageSize ) {// 分页查询某个班级的学生信息
Page page = shcoolService.getStusByPage(clazzName , pageIndex , pageSize);// 对查询出来的结果数据进行分析
List students = page.getContent();
List> stuDatas = new ArrayList<>();for(Student stu :students){
Map stuMap = new HashMap<>();
stuMap.put("id", stu.getId());
stuMap.put("name", stu.getName());
stuMap.put("age", stu.getAge());
stuMap.put("sex", stu.getSex());
stuMap.put("address", stu.getAddress());
stuMap.put("clazzName", clazzName);
stuDatas.add(stuMap);
}// 将分页查询出的结果数据进行分析,然后把数据存入到PageData对象中去保存起来响应给浏览器展示
PageData data = new PageData();
data.setStuDatas(stuDatas);
data.setPageIndex(page.getNumber()+1);
data.setPageSize(page.getTotalPages());
data.setTotalCount(page.getTotalElements());
data.setPageNum(page.getSize());return data ;
}
}
8)测试
http://localhost:8080/student/save