r语言 plot3d函数 r语言plotly

ploylt原来是一款用来做数据分析和可视化的在线平台，后来有人开发了一些语言（Python、R、Matlab等）的API，在R里就是plotly包了。plotly已经发布在CRAN上了，要想安装，仅需：

install.packages('plotly')

这里说一下旭日图（sunburst chart）。旭日图是在饼图的基础上拓展的（关于摒弃饼图暂且不考虑），主要展示分类变量的比例，并且将分类变量进行了分级，每一级的占总体的比例一览无余。R语言中有专门绘制旭日图的包：sunburstR，然而是绘出的图形是静态的。plotly作为强大的交互式可视化包，当然也有这个功能，并且点击父级可以仅展示该父级及其子级，方便用户探索各级的比例以及父级的子级占该父级的比例（以下例子均来自官网）：

library(plotly)
fig <- plot_ly(
  #定义所有级别各类的标签
  labels = c("Eve", "Cain", "Seth", "Enos", "Noam", "Abel", "Awan", "Enoch", "Azura"),
  #定义所有级别各类的父级，与上面定义的标签一一对应
  parents = c("", "Eve", "Eve", "Seth", "Seth", "Eve", "Eve", "Awan", "Eve"),
  #定义各分类的值（一一对应）
  values = c(10, 14, 12, 10, 2, 6, 6, 4, 4),
  #指定图表类型：sunburst
  type = 'sunburst'
)
#输出
fig

library(plotly)
fig <- plot_ly(
  labels = c("Eve", "Cain", "Seth", "Enos", "Noam", "Abel", "Awan", "Enoch", "Azura"),
  parents = c("", "Eve", "Eve", "Seth", "Seth", "Eve", "Eve", "Awan", "Eve"),
  values = c(65, 14, 12, 10, 2, 6, 6, 4, 4),
  type = 'sunburst',
  #设置子级的值：total。也就是子级的图形长度与 其值与父级的值的比例 成正比。
  #注意之前那张图里没有设定这个，父级'Seth'及其子级'Noam'和'Enos'就不符合这个设定
  branchvalues = 'total'
)
fig

library(plotly)
d <- data.frame(
    #定义id，，可以理解为主键
    ids = c(
    "North America", "Europe", "Australia", "North America - Football", "Soccer",
    "North America - Rugby", "Europe - Football", "Rugby",
    "Europe - American Football","Australia - Football", "Association",
    "Australian Rules", "Autstralia - American Football", "Australia - Rugby",
    "Rugby League", "Rugby Union"
  ),
  #定义标签，即显示的文本。这里面的 <br> 是HTML的语法，表示换行
  labels = c(
    "North<br>America", "Europe", "Australia", "Football", "Soccer", "Rugby",
    "Football", "Rugby", "American<br>Football", "Football", "Association",
    "Australian<br>Rules", "American<br>Football", "Rugby", "Rugby<br>League",
    "Rugby<br>Union"
  ),
  #定义父级
  parents = c(
    "", "", "", "North America", "North America", "North America", "Europe",
    "Europe", "Europe","Australia", "Australia - Football", "Australia - Football",
    "Australia - Football", "Australia - Football", "Australia - Rugby",
    "Australia - Rugby"
  ),
  stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
fig <- plot_ly(d, ids = ~ids, labels = ~labels, parents = ~parents, type = 'sunburst')

fig

这里gif上传失败，只好mp4了https://www.zhihu.com/video/1220318292180885504

各级各类之间来回切换，是不是很有意思！

df = read.csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/718417069ead87650b90472464c7565dc8c2cb1c/coffee-flavors.csv')
fig <- plot_ly()
fig <- fig %>% add_trace(
  type='sunburst',
  ids=df$ids,
  labels=df$labels,
  parents=df$parents,
  #设置最大深度为2，也就是最多只展示两级
  maxdepth=2,
  #控制扇区内文本的方向，这里设置为radial（径向的）
  insidetextorientation='radial'
)
fig

可以看到，设置了最大深度为2后，最多只显示2级。但是数据其实是有三级的，点击第二级之后就可以看到第三级了。如果要想显示所有层级，可以把上面代码中的'maxdepth = 2'删去，但这样图形就显得很乱，甚至会有卡顿的情况……

library(plotly)
d1 <- read.csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/coffee-flavors.csv')
d2 <- read.csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/718417069ead87650b90472464c7565dc8c2cb1c/sunburst-coffee-flavors-complete.csv')
fig <- plot_ly() 
fig <- fig %>%
  #添加轨迹，相当于ggplot2的图层geom。这里是定义子图1
  add_trace(
    ids = d1$ids,
    labels = d1$labels,
    parents = d1$parents,
    #定义轨迹的类型：sunburst
    type = 'sunburst',
    maxdepth = 2,
    #子图1放在第1列（plotly以0开始计数）
    domain = list(column = 0)
    ) 
fig <- fig %>%
  #子图2
  add_trace(
    ids = d2$ids,
    labels = d2$labels,
    parents = d2$parents,
    type = 'sunburst',
    maxdepth = 3,
    #子图放在第2列
    domain = list(column = 1)
  ) 
fig <- fig %>%
    #定义样式
    layout(
      #网格：2列1行
      grid = list(columns =2, rows = 1),
      margin = list(l = 0, r = 0, b = 0, t = 0),
      #颜色
      sunburstcolorway = c(
        "#636efa","#EF553B","#00cc96","#ab63fa","#19d3f3",
        "#e763fa", "#FECB52","#FFA15A","#FF6692","#B6E880"
      ),
      extendsunburstcolors = TRUE)
fig

是不是很有意思？R语言可视化不止ggplot2及其65个扩展包（截至目前），还有更多值得探索，这篇文章就介绍到这里了！