KVM虚拟机的基本镜像和增量镜像

1、概述

实验目的:通过一个基础镜像(node.img),里面把各个虚拟机都需要的环境都搭建好,然后基于这个镜像建立起一个个增量镜像,每个增量镜像对应一个虚拟机,虚拟机对镜像中所有的改变都记录在增量镜像里面,基础镜像始终保持不变。

功能:节省磁盘空间,快速复制虚拟机。

环境:

基本镜像文件:node.img  虚拟机ID:node  

增量镜像文件:node4.img 虚拟机ID:node4

要求:以基本镜像文件node.omg为基础,创建一个镜像文件node4.img,以此创建一个虚拟机机node4,虚拟机node4的改变将存储于node4.img中。

2、创建增量镜像文件

[root@target kvm_node]#qemu-img create -b node.img -f qcow2 node4.img 
 
 
 

   [root@target kvm_node]# qemu-img info node4.img  
 
 
 

   image: node4.img 
 
 
 

   file format: qcow2 
 
 
 

   virtual size: 20G (21495808000 bytes) 
 
 
 

   disk size: 33M 
 
 
 

   cluster_size: 65536 
 
 
 

   backing file: node.img (actual path: node.img)

#注:该实验只是针对qcow2格式的镜像文件,未测试raw格式的镜像文件是否可行。

3、创建虚拟机node4的XML配置文件

[root@target kvm_node]# cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/node.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml 
 
 
 

   [root@target kvm_node]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml  
 
 
 

   <domain type='kvm'> 
 
 
 

     <name>node4</name>                                  #node4的虚拟机名,须修改,否则与基本虚拟机冲突 
 
 
 

     <uuid>4b7e91eb-6521-c2c6-cc64-c1ba72707fe4</uuid>   #node4的UUID,必须修改,否则与基本虚拟机冲突 
 
 
 

     <memory>524288</memory> 
 
 
 

     <currentMemory>524288</currentMemory> 
 
 
 

     <vcpu cpuset='0-1'>2</vcpu> 
 
 
 

     <os> 
 
 
 

       <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel5.4.0'>hvm</type> 
 
 
 

       <boot dev='hd'/> 
 
 
 

     </os> 
 
 
 

     <features> 
 
 
 

       <acpi/> 
 
 
 

       <apic/> 
 
 
 

       <pae/> 
 
 
 

     </features> 
 
 
 

     <clock offset='localtime'/> 
 
 
 

     <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> 
 
 
 

     <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> 
 
 
 

     <on_crash>restart</on_crash> 
 
 
 

     <devices> 
 
 
 

       <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> 
 
 
 

       <disk type='file' device='disk'> 
 
 
 

         <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> 
 
 
 

         <source file='/virhost/kvm_node/node4.img'/>    #将原指向/virhost/kvm_node/node.img改为node4.img 
 
 
 

         <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> 
 
 
 

         <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> 
 
 
 

       </disk> 
 
 
 

       <interface type='bridge'> 
 
 
 

         <mac address='54:52:00:69:d5:f4'/>             #修改网卡MAC,防止冲突 
 
 
 

         <source bridge='br0'/> 
 
 
 

         <model type='virtio'/> 
 
 
 

         <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> 
 
 
 

       </interface> 
 
 
 

       <interface type='bridge'> 
 
 
 

         <mac address='54:52:00:69:d5:e4'/>            #修改网卡MAC,防止冲突 
 
 
 

         <source bridge='br0'/> 
 
 
 

         <model type='virtio'/> 
 
 
 

         <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> 
 
 
 

       </interface> 
 
 
 

       <serial type='pty'> 
 
 
 

         <target port='0'/> 
 
 
 

       </serial> 
 
 
 

       <console type='pty'> 
 
 
 

         <target type='serial' port='0'/> 
 
 
 

       </console> 
 
 
 

       <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> 
 
 
 

       <graphics type='vnc' port='5904' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0' passwd='xiaobai'> 
 
 
 

         <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/> 
 
 
 

       </graphics> 
 
 
 

       <video> 
 
 
 

         <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> 
 
 
 

         <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> 
 
 
 

       </video> 
 
 
 

       <memballoon model='virtio'> 
 
 
 

         <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> 
 
 
 

       </memballoon> 
 
 
 

     </devices> 
 
 
 

   </domain>

4、根据xml配置定义虚拟机node4

[root@target kvm_node]#virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml 
 
 
 

   [root@target kvm_node]#virsh start node4

5、测试 

[root@target kvm_node]# du -h node.img

6.3G    node.img

[root@target kvm_node]# du -h node4.img 
 
 
 

   33M     node4.img 
 
 
 

   [root@node4 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=200   #在虚拟机node4上增量200M大小文件 
 
 
 

   200+0 records in 
 
 
 

   200+0 records out 
 
 
 

   209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 1.00361 seconds, 209 MB/s 
 
 
 

   [root@target kvm_node]# du -h node.img                    #基本镜像文件node.img大小未变 
 
 
 

   6.3G    node.img 
 
 
 

   [root@target kvm_node]# du -h node.img                    #增量镜像文件node4.img增加200M了 
 
 
 

   234M    node4.img

本文转自netsword 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/netsword/830880