一.单表查询

mysql 循环查找 还是读出后 mysql 循环查询数据库_聚合函数

1.创建表

1 create table emp(
 2 id int not null unique auto_increment,
 3 name varchar(20) not null,
 4 sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male',
 5 #大部分是男的
 6 age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
 7 hire_date date not null,
 8 post varchar(50),
 9 post_comment varchar(100),
10 salary double(15,2),
11 office int, #一个部门一个屋子
12 depart_id int
13 );

2.插入记录

1 #三个部门:教学,销售,运营
 2 insert into
 3 emp(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
 4 ('jason','male',18,'20170301','张江第一帅形象代言',7300.33,401,1),
 5 #以下是教学部
 6 ('egon','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),
 7 ('kevin','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),
 8 ('tank','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),
 9 ('owen','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),
10 ('jerry','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),
11 ('nick','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),
12 ('sean','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),
13 ('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
14 ('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),
15 ('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),
16 ('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),
17 ('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),
18 ('张野','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3),
19 #以下是运营部门
20 ('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),
21 ('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),
22 ('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),
23 ('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)
24 ;
25 #ps:如果在windows系统中,插入中文字符,select的结果为空白,可以将所有字符编码统一设置成gbk

3.where约束条件

# 1.查询id大于等于3小于等于6的数据

1 select id,name from emp where id >= 3 and id <= 6;
2 select *  from emp where id between 3 and 6;

# 2.查询薪资是20000或者18000或者17000的数据

1 select * from emp where salary = 20000 or salary = 18000 or salary = 17000;
2 select * from emp where salary in
3 (20000,18000,17000);  # 简写

# 3.查询员工姓名中包含o字母的员工姓名和薪资

# 在你刚开始接触mysql查询的时候,建议你按照查询的优先级顺序拼写出你的sql语句

先是查哪张表 from emp

再是根据什么条件去查 where name like ‘%o%’

再是对查询出来的数据筛选展示部分 select name,salary

select name,salary from emp where name like '%o%';

补:# like: 模糊匹配# %: 匹配0个或多个任意字符 # _: 匹配一个任意字符

# 4.查询员工姓名是由四个字符组成的员工姓名与其薪资

1 select name,salary from emp where name like '____';
2 select name,salary from emp where char_length(name)
3 = 4;

# 5.查询id小于3或者大于6的数据

1 select *  from emp where id not between 3 and 6;

# 6.查询薪资不在20000,18000,17000范围的数据

1 select * from emp where salary not in (20000,18000,17000);

# 7.查询岗位描述为空的员工名与岗位名  针对null不能用等号,只能用is

1 select name,post from emp where post_comment = NULL;
2  # 查询为空!
3 select name,post from emp where post_comment is
4 NULL;
5 select name,post from emp where post_comment is not
6 NULL;

4.groud  by

1 SELECT sex FROM users GROUP BY sex(列名);

在这里,因为sex只有0和null两种值,所以被分做两组

#1.以组为单位统计组内数据>>>聚合查询(聚集到一起合成为一个结果)

# 每个部门的最高工资
1 select post,max(salary) from emp group by post;
# 每个部门的最低工资
1 select post,min(salary) from emp group by post;
# 每个部门的工资总和
1 select post,sum(salary) from emp group by post;
# 每个部门的人数
1 select post,count(id) from emp group by post;

#2.查询分组之后的部门名称和每个部门下所有的学生姓名

# group_concat(分组之后用)不仅可以用来显示除分组外字段还有拼接字符串的作用

1 select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by
2 post;
3 select post,group_concat(name,"_SB") from
4 emp group by post;
5 select post,group_concat(name,": ",salary)
6 from emp group by post;
7 select post,group_concat(salary) from emp group by
8 post;

补:查询岗位名以及岗位包含的所有员工名字?

1 select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by post;

#3.补充concat(不分组时用)拼接字符串达到更好的显示效果 as语法使用

1 select name as 姓名,salary as 薪资 from emp;
2 select concat("NAME: ",name) as
3 姓名,concat("SAL: ",salary) as 薪资 from emp;

# 补充as语法 即可以给字段起别名也可以给表起

1 select emp.id,emp.name from emp as t1; # 报错  因为表名已经被你改成了t1
2 select t1.id,t1.name from emp as t1;

#4. 查询四则运算

# 查询每个人的年薪

1 select name,salary*12 as annual_salary from emp;
2 select name,salary*12 annual_salary from emp;
3  # as可以省略

5.where与groud by

统计各部门年龄在30岁以上的员工平均工资

1 select post,avg(salary) from emp where age > 30
2 group by post;

# 对where过滤出来的虚拟表进行一个分组

6.having句型

having的语法格式与where一致,只不过having是在分组之后进行的过滤,即where虽然不能用聚合函数,但是having可以!

统计各部门年龄在30岁以上的员工平均工资,并且保留平均工资大于10000的部门

1 select post,avg(salary) from emp
2        where age >= 30
3        group by post
4        having avg(salary) >
5 10000;

7.distinct

对有重复的展示数据进行去重操作

1 select distinct post from emp;

8.order by

1 select * from emp order by salary asc; #默认升序排
2 select * from emp order by salary desc; #降序排

9.limit

先降序排列,再从最后往前数取两位。

1 SELECT
2 *FROM users ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 2,2;

# 分页显示

1 select * from emp limit 0,5;  
2 第一个参数表示起始位置,第二个参数表示的是条数,不是索引位置

# 限制展示条数

1 select * from emp limit 3;

# 查询工资最高的人的详细信息

1 select * from emp order by salary desc limit 1;
2 SELECT *FROM users LIMIT 2;从第一条开始返回,返回两条记录。
3                                              2,2;从第三条返回,返回两条。

10.聚合函数

count: 计数 max: 最大值 min: 最小值 avg: 平均值 sum: 求和

注意: 聚合函数:

  • 只能跟在group by后(执行顺序)使用
  • 若查询语句没有group by,则默认整张表就是一个分组。

11.正则

在编程中,凡是看到reg开头的,基本上都是跟正则有关

1 select * from emp where name regexp '^程.*(金|银|铜|铁)$';

12.其他

1 select post
2      from emp group by post;  # 获取部门信息

13.顺序

书写顺序: - select - distinct -from- where - group by - having - order by - limit

执行顺序: -from- where - group by - having - select - distinct - order by - limit

二.多表查询

1.建表

1 create table dep(
 2 id int,
 3 name varchar(20) 
 4 );
 5 create table emp(
 6 id int primary key auto_increment,
 7 name varchar(20),
 8 sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male',
 9 age int,
10 dep_id int
11 );

2.插入数据

1 insert into dep values
 2 (200,'技术'),
 3 (201,'人力资源'),
 4 (202,'销售'),
 5 (203,'运营');
 6 insert into emp(name,sex,age,dep_id) values
 7 ('jason','male',18,200),
 8 ('egon','female',48,201),
 9 ('kevin','male',38,201),
10 ('nick','female',28,202),
11 ('owen','male',18,200),
12 ('jerry','female',18,204)
13 ;

3.表查询

1 select * from emp,dep;  
2 #左表一条记录与右表所有记录都对应一遍>>>笛卡尔积
3 # 查询员工及所在部门的信息
4 select * from emp,dep where emp.dep_id = dep.id;
5 # 查询部门为技术部的员工及部门信息
6 select * from emp,dep where emp.dep_id = dep.id and
7 dep.name = '技术';

4. 将两张表关联到一起的操作,有专门对应的方法

1 # 1、内连接:只取两张表有对应关系的记录
 2 select * from emp inner join dep
 3 on emp.dep_id = dep.id;
 4 select * from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id =
 5 dep.id
 6 where dep.name ="技术";
 7 # 2、左连接: 在内连接的基础上保留左表没有对应关系的记录
 8 select * from emp left join dep
 9 on emp.dep_id = dep.id;
10 # 3、右连接: 在内连接的基础上保留右表没有对应关系的记录
11 select * from emp right join dep
12 on emp.dep_id = dep.id;
13 # 4、全连接:在内连接的基础上保留左、右面表没有对应关系的的记录
14 select * from emp left join dep
15 on emp.dep_id = dep.id
16 union
17 select * from emp right join dep
18 on emp.dep_id = dep.id;

5.子查询

# 1.查询部门是技术或者人力资源的员工信息
select * from emp where dep_id in (select id from
dep where name = "技术" or name = "人力资源");