本文基于 spring cloud gateway 2.0.1

1、简介

GlobalGilter 全局过滤器接口与 GatewayFilter 网关过滤器接口具有相同的方法定义。全局过滤器是一系列特殊的过滤器,会根据条件应用到所有路由中。网关过滤器是更细粒度的过滤器,作用于指定的路由中。

axios全局过滤器ajax请求 gateway 全局过滤器_axios全局过滤器ajax请求

从类图中可以看到 GlobalFilter 有十一个实现类,包括路由转发、负载均衡、ws 路由、netty 路由等全局过滤器。下面我们就分别介绍一下这些全局路由过滤器的实现。

2、ForwardRoutingFilter 转发路由过滤器

ForwardRoutingFilter 在交换属性 ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR 中 查找 URL, 如果 URL 为转发模式即 forward:/// localendpoint, 它将使用Spring DispatcherHandler 来处 理请求。 未修改的原始 URL 将保存到 GATEWAY_ ORIGINAL_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR 属性的列表中。

public class ForwardRoutingFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

	private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ForwardRoutingFilter.class);

	private final ObjectProvider<DispatcherHandler> dispatcherHandler;

	public ForwardRoutingFilter(ObjectProvider<DispatcherHandler> dispatcherHandler) {
		this.dispatcherHandler = dispatcherHandler;
	}

	@Override
	public int getOrder() {
		return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
	}

	@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
		URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
        //获取请求URI的请求结构
		String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
		//该路由已经被处理或者URI格式不是forward则继续其它过滤器
		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || !"forward".equals(scheme)) {
			return chain.filter(exchange);
		}
		setAlreadyRouted(exchange);

		//TODO: translate url?

		if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
			log.trace("Forwarding to URI: "+requestUrl);
		}
        // 使用dispatcherHandler进行处理
		return this.dispatcherHandler.getIfAvailable().handle(exchange);
	}
}

转发路由过滤器实现比较简单,构造函数传入请求的分发处理器DispatcherHandler。过滤器执行时,首先获取请求地址的url前缀,然后判断该请求是否已被路由处理或者URL的前缀不是forward,则继续执行过滤器链;否则设置路由处理状态并交由DispatcherHandler进行处理。

请求路由是否被处理的判断如下:

// ServerWebExchangeUtils.java

public static void setAlreadyRouted(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_ALREADY_ROUTED_ATTR, true);
	}

	public static boolean isAlreadyRouted(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		return exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(GATEWAY_ALREADY_ROUTED_ATTR, false);
	}

两个 方法 定义 在 ServerWebExchangeUtils 中, 这 两个 方法 用于 修改 与 查询 ServerWebExchange 中的 Map< String, Object> getAttributes(),# getAttributes 方法 返回 当前 exchange 所请 求 属性 的 可变 映射。

这两个方法定义在 ServerWebExchangeUtils 中,分别用于修改和查询 GATEWAY_ALREADY_ROUTED_ATTR 状态。

3、LoadBalancerClientFilter 负载均衡客户端过滤器

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: myRoute
        uri: lb://service
        predicates:
        - Path=/service/**

LoadBalancerClientFilter 在交换属性 GATEWAY_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR 中查找URL, 如果URL有一个 lb 前缀 ,即 lb:// myservice,将使用 LoadBalancerClient 将名称 解析为实际的主机和端口,如示例中的 myservice。 未修改的原始 URL将保存到 GATEWAY_ ORIGINAL_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR 属性的列表中。过滤器还将查看ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR属性以查看它是否等于lb,然后应用相同的规则。

@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
		URI url = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
		String schemePrefix = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR);
		
		if (url == null || (!"lb".equals(url.getScheme()) && !"lb".equals(schemePrefix))) {
			return chain.filter(exchange);
		}
		//保留原始url
		addOriginalRequestUrl(exchange, url);

		log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url before: " + url);
        //负载均衡到具体服务实例
		final ServiceInstance instance = choose(exchange);

		if (instance == null) {
			throw new NotFoundException("Unable to find instance for " + url.getHost());
		}

		URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();

	    //如果没有提供前缀的话,则会使用默认的'< scheme>',否则使用' lb:< scheme>' 机制。
		String overrideScheme = null;
		if (schemePrefix != null) {
			overrideScheme = url.getScheme();
		}
        //根据获取的服务实例信息,重新组装请求的 url
		URI requestUrl = loadBalancer.reconstructURI(new DelegatingServiceInstance(instance, overrideScheme), uri);
        // Routing 相关 的 GatewayFilter 会 通过 GATEWAY_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR 属性, 发起 请求。
		log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url chosen: " + requestUrl);
		exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, requestUrl);
		return chain.filter(exchange);
	}

从过滤器执行方法中可以看出,负载均衡客户端过滤器的实现步骤如下:

1、构造函数传入负载均衡客户端,依赖中添加 Spring Cloud Netflix Ribbon 即可 注入 该 Bean。

2、获取请求的 URL 及其前缀,如果 URL 不为空且前缀为lb或者网关请求的前缀是 lb,则保存原始的URL,负载到具体的服务实例并根据获取的服务实例信息,重新组装请求的URL。

3、最后,添加请求的URL到GATEWAY_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR,并提交到过滤器链中继续执行

在组装请求的地址时,如果loadbalancer没有提供前缀的话,则使用默认的,即overrideScheme 为null,否则的话使用 lb:

4、NettyRoutingFilter 和 NettyWriteResponseFilter

如果 ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ REQUEST_ URL_ ATTR 请求属性中的URL 具有http或https前缀,NettyRoutingFilter 路由过滤器将运行,它使用 Netty HttpClient 代理对下游的请求。响应信息放在ServerWebExchangeUtils.CLIENT_ RESPONSE_ ATTR 属性中,在过滤器链中进行传递。

该过滤器实际处理 和客户端负载均衡的实现方式类似:

首先获取请求的URL及前缀,判断前缀是不是http或者https,如果该请求已经被路由或者前缀不合法,则调用过滤器链直接向后传递;否则正常对头部进行过滤操作。

public class NettyRoutingFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

	private final HttpClient httpClient;
	private final ObjectProvider<List<HttpHeadersFilter>> headersFilters;
	private final HttpClientProperties properties;

	public NettyRoutingFilter(HttpClient httpClient,
							  ObjectProvider<List<HttpHeadersFilter>> headersFilters,
							  HttpClientProperties properties) {
		this.httpClient = httpClient;
		this.headersFilters = headersFilters;
		this.properties = properties;
	}

	@Override
	public int getOrder() {
		return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
	}

	@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
		URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);

		String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || (!"http".equals(scheme) && !"https".equals(scheme))) {
			return chain.filter(exchange);
		}
		setAlreadyRouted(exchange);

		ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();

		final HttpMethod method = HttpMethod.valueOf(request.getMethod().toString());
		final String url = requestUrl.toString();

		HttpHeaders filtered = filterRequest(this.headersFilters.getIfAvailable(),
				exchange);

		final DefaultHttpHeaders httpHeaders = new DefaultHttpHeaders();
		filtered.forEach(httpHeaders::set);

		String transferEncoding = request.getHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING);
		boolean chunkedTransfer = "chunked".equalsIgnoreCase(transferEncoding);

		boolean preserveHost = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(PRESERVE_HOST_HEADER_ATTRIBUTE, false);

		Mono<HttpClientResponse> responseMono = this.httpClient.request(method, url, req -> {
			final HttpClientRequest proxyRequest = req.options(NettyPipeline.SendOptions::flushOnEach)
					.headers(httpHeaders)
					.chunkedTransfer(chunkedTransfer)
					.failOnServerError(false)
					.failOnClientError(false);

			if (preserveHost) {
				String host = request.getHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.HOST);
				proxyRequest.header(HttpHeaders.HOST, host);
			}

			if (properties.getResponseTimeout() != null) {
				proxyRequest.context(ctx -> ctx.addHandlerFirst(
						new ReadTimeoutHandler(properties.getResponseTimeout().toMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)));
			}

			return proxyRequest.sendHeaders() //I shouldn't need this
					.send(request.getBody().map(dataBuffer ->
							((NettyDataBuffer) dataBuffer).getNativeBuffer()));
		});

		return responseMono.doOnNext(res -> {
			ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
			// put headers and status so filters can modify the response
			HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

			res.responseHeaders().forEach(entry -> headers.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));

			String contentTypeValue = headers.getFirst(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
			if (StringUtils.hasLength(contentTypeValue)) {
				exchange.getAttributes().put(ORIGINAL_RESPONSE_CONTENT_TYPE_ATTR, contentTypeValue);
			}

			HttpHeaders filteredResponseHeaders = HttpHeadersFilter.filter(
					this.headersFilters.getIfAvailable(), headers, exchange, Type.RESPONSE);
			
			response.getHeaders().putAll(filteredResponseHeaders);
			HttpStatus status = HttpStatus.resolve(res.status().code());
			if (status != null) {
				response.setStatusCode(status);
			} else if (response instanceof AbstractServerHttpResponse) {
				// https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-16748
				((AbstractServerHttpResponse) response).setStatusCodeValue(res.status().code());
			} else {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to set status code on response: " +res.status().code()+", "+response.getClass());
			}

			// Defer committing the response until all route filters have run
			// Put client response as ServerWebExchange attribute and write response later NettyWriteResponseFilter
			exchange.getAttributes().put(CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTR, res);
		})
				.onErrorMap(t -> properties.getResponseTimeout() != null && t instanceof ReadTimeoutException,
						t -> new TimeoutException("Response took longer than timeout: " +
								properties.getResponseTimeout()))
				.then(chain.filter(exchange));
	}
}

NettyRoutingFilter 过滤器的构造函数有三个参数:

HttpClient httpClient : 基于 Netty 实现的 HttpClient,通过该属性请求后端 的 Http 服务

ObjectProvider<List> headersFilters: ObjectProvider 类型 的 headersFilters,用于头部过滤

HttpClientProperties properties: Netty HttpClient 的配置属性

4.1、NettyRoutingFilter ## HttpHeadersFilter 头部过滤器接口

filterRequest 用于对请求头部的信息进行处理,是定义在接口 HttpHeadersFilter 中的默认方法,该接口有三个实现类,请求头部将会经过这三个头部过滤器,并最终返回修改之后的头部。

public interface HttpHeadersFilter {

	enum Type {
		REQUEST, RESPONSE
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a set of Http Headers
	 * 
	 * @param input Http Headers
	 * @param exchange
	 * @return filtered Http Headers
	 */
	HttpHeaders filter(HttpHeaders input, ServerWebExchange exchange);

	static HttpHeaders filterRequest(List<HttpHeadersFilter> filters,
							  ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		HttpHeaders headers = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders();
		return filter(filters, headers, exchange, Type.REQUEST);
	}

	static HttpHeaders filter(List<HttpHeadersFilter> filters, HttpHeaders input,
			ServerWebExchange exchange, Type type) {
		HttpHeaders response = input;
		if (filters != null) {
			HttpHeaders reduce = filters.stream()
					.filter(headersFilter -> headersFilter.supports(type))
					.reduce(input,
							(headers, filter) -> filter.filter(headers, exchange),
							(httpHeaders, httpHeaders2) -> {
								httpHeaders.addAll(httpHeaders2);
								return httpHeaders;
							});
			return reduce;
		}

		return response;
	}

	default boolean supports(Type type) {
		return type.equals(Type.REQUEST);
	}
}

HttpHeadersFilter 接口的三个实现类:

  • ForwardedHeadersFilter:
    增加 Forwarded头部,头部值为协议类型、host和目标地址
  • XForwardedHeadersFilter:
    增加 X- Forwarded- For、 X- Forwarded- Host、 X- Forwarded- Port 和 X- Forwarded- Proto 头部。 代理转发时,用以自定义的头部信息向下游传递。
  • RemoveHopByHopHeadersFilter:
    为了定义缓存和非缓存代理的行为,我们将HTTP头字段分为两类:端到端的头部字段,发送给请求或响应的最终接收人;逐跳头部字段,对单个传输级别连接有意义,并且不被缓存存储或由代理转发。
    所以该头部过滤器会移除逐跳头部字段,包括以下8个字段:
    Proxy- Authenticate
    Proxy- Authorization
    TE
    Trailer
    Transfer- Encoding
    Upgrade
    proxy- connection
    content- length

4.2、NettyWriteResponseFilter

NettyWriteResponseFilter 与 NettyRoutingFilter 成对使用。“ 预” 过滤阶段没有任何内容,因为 CLIENT_ RESPONSE_ ATTR 在 WebHandler 运行之前不会被添加。

@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
		// NOTICE: nothing in "pre" filter stage as CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTR is not added
		// until the WebHandler is run
		return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.defer(() -> {
			HttpClientResponse clientResponse = exchange.getAttribute(CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTR);

			if (clientResponse == null) {
				return Mono.empty();
			}
			log.trace("NettyWriteResponseFilter start");
			ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();

			NettyDataBufferFactory factory = (NettyDataBufferFactory) response.bufferFactory();
			//TODO: what if it's not netty

			final Flux<NettyDataBuffer> body = clientResponse.receive()
					.retain() //TODO: needed?
					.map(factory::wrap);

			MediaType contentType = null;
			try {
				contentType = response.getHeaders().getContentType();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				log.trace("invalid media type", e);
			}
			return (isStreamingMediaType(contentType) ?
					response.writeAndFlushWith(body.map(Flux::just)) : response.writeWith(body));
		}));
	}

如果 CLIENT_ RESPONSE_ ATTR 请求 属性 中 存在 Netty HttpClientResponse, 则 会应用 NettyWriteResponseFilter。 它在其他过滤器完成后运行,并将代理响应写回 网关客户端响应。成对出现的 WebClientHttpRoutingFilter 和 WebClientWriteResponseFilter 过滤器,与基于Nettty 的路由和响应过滤器执行相同 的功能,但不需要使用Netty。

5、RouteToRequestUrlFilter 路由到指定url的过滤器

如果 ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ ROUTE_ ATTR 请求属性中有Route对象, 则 会运行 RouteToRequestUrlFilter 过滤器。他会根据请求URI创建一个新的URI。 新的 URI 位于 ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR 请求属性中。该过滤器会组装成发送到代理服务的URL地址,向后传递到路由转发的过滤器。

@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
		Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
		if (route == null) {
			return chain.filter(exchange);
		}
		log.trace("RouteToRequestUrlFilter start");
		URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();
		boolean encoded = containsEncodedParts(uri);
		URI routeUri = route.getUri();

		if (hasAnotherScheme(routeUri)) {
			// this is a special url, save scheme to special attribute
			// replace routeUri with schemeSpecificPart
			exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR, routeUri.getScheme());
			routeUri = URI.create(routeUri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
		}

		URI mergedUrl = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUri(uri)
				// .uri(routeUri)
				.scheme(routeUri.getScheme())
				.host(routeUri.getHost())
				.port(routeUri.getPort())
				.build(encoded)
				.toUri();
		exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, mergedUrl);
		return chain.filter(exchange);
	}
  • 首先获取请求中的 Route, 如 果为 空 则 直接 提交 过滤器 链; 否则 获取 routeUri, 并 判断 routeUri 是否 特殊, 如果 是 则需 要 处理 URL, 保存 前缀 到 GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR, 并将 routeUri 替换
  • 首先获取请求中的Route,如果为空则直接提交给过滤器链
  • 获取routeUri并判断是否特殊,如果是则需要处理URL,保存前缀到GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR,并将routeUri 替换为schemeSpecificPart
  • 然后拼接requestUrl,将请求的URI转换为路由定义的routeUri
  • 最后,提交到过滤器链继续执行

6、WebsocketRoutingFilter

如果请求中的ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR 属性对应的URL前缀为 ws 或 wss,则启用Websocket 路由过滤器。它使用Spring Web Socket 作为底层通信组件向下游转发 WebSocket 请求。Websocket 可以通过添加前缀 lb来实现负载均衡,如 lb:ws://serviceid

如果您使用SockJS作为普通http的回调,则应配置正常的HTTP路由以及Websocket路由

spring: cloud: gateway: routes: # SockJS route - id: websocket_sockjs_route uri: http://localhost:3001 predicates: - Path=/websocket/info/** # Normwal Websocket route - id: websocket_route uri: ws://localhost:3001 predicates: - Path=/websocket/**

Websocket 路由过滤器进行处理时,首先获取请求的URL及其前缀,判断是否满足 Websocket 过滤器启用的条件;对于未被路由处理且请求前缀为ws或wss的请求,设置路由处理状态位,构造过滤后的头部。最后将请求通过代理转发。

// WebsocketRoutingFilter.java

@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
	    //检查websocket 是否是 upgrade
		changeSchemeIfIsWebSocketUpgrade(exchange);

		URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
		String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
        //判断是否满足websocket启用条件
		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || (!"ws".equals(scheme) && !"wss".equals(scheme))) {
			return chain.filter(exchange);
		}
		setAlreadyRouted(exchange);


		HttpHeaders headers = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders();
		HttpHeaders filtered = filterRequest(getHeadersFilters(),
				exchange);

		List<String> protocols = headers.get(SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL);
		if (protocols != null) {
			protocols = headers.get(SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL).stream()
					.flatMap(header -> Arrays.stream(commaDelimitedListToStringArray(header)))
					.map(String::trim)
					.collect(Collectors.toList());
		}
        //将请求代理转发
		return this.webSocketService.handleRequest(exchange,
				new ProxyWebSocketHandler(requestUrl, this.webSocketClient,
						filtered, protocols));
	}

ProxyWebSocketHandler 是 WebSocketHandler 的实现类,处理客户端 WebSocket Session。 下面看一下代理 WebSocket 处理器的具体实现:

// WebsocketRoutingFilter.java

private static class ProxyWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler {

		private final WebSocketClient client;
		private final URI url;
		private final HttpHeaders headers;
		private final List<String> subProtocols;

		public ProxyWebSocketHandler(URI url, WebSocketClient client, HttpHeaders headers, List<String> protocols) {
			this.client = client;
			this.url = url;
			this.headers = headers;
			if (protocols != null) {
				this.subProtocols = protocols;
			} else {
				this.subProtocols = Collections.emptyList();
			}
		}

		@Override
		public List<String> getSubProtocols() {
			return this.subProtocols;
		}

		@Override
		public Mono<Void> handle(WebSocketSession session) {
			// pass headers along so custom headers can be sent through
			return client.execute(url, this.headers, new WebSocketHandler() {
				@Override
				public Mono<Void> handle(WebSocketSession proxySession) {
					// Use retain() for Reactor Netty
					Mono<Void> proxySessionSend = proxySession
							.send(session.receive().doOnNext(WebSocketMessage::retain));
                            // .log("proxySessionSend", Level.FINE);
					Mono<Void> serverSessionSend = session
							.send(proxySession.receive().doOnNext(WebSocketMessage::retain));
                            // .log("sessionSend", Level.FINE);
					return Mono.zip(proxySessionSend, serverSessionSend).then();
				}

				/**
				 * Copy subProtocols so they are available downstream.
				 * @return
				 */
				@Override
				public List<String> getSubProtocols() {
					return ProxyWebSocketHandler.this.subProtocols;
				}
			});
		}
	}
  • WebSocketClient# execute 方法连接后端被代理的 WebSocket 服务。
  • 连接成功后,回调WebSocketHandler实现的内部类的handle( WebSocketSession session)方法
  • WebSocketHandler 实现的内部类实现对消息的转发: 客户端=> 具体业务服务=> 客户 端; 然后合并代理服务的会话信息 proxySessionSend 和业务服务的会话信息serverSessionSend。

7、其它过滤器

AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter— 用于缓存请求体的过滤器,在全局过滤器中的优先级较高。

ForwardPathFilter— 请求中的 gatewayRoute 属性对应 Route 对象,当 Route 中的 URI scheme 为 forward 模式 时, 该过滤器用于设置请求的 URI 路径为 Route 对象 中的 URI 路径。