一、基本控件介绍






一般新建组件有两种方式:XML中定义和Java代码实现,一般XML中定义较为常用。

 

1.Button






按钮,在main.xml中定义如下:

 

<Button 
	android:layout_width="wrap_content"  <!--按钮宽度匹配文本的大小 -->
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"  <!--按钮高度匹配文本大小 -->
	android:text="文本"   <!--按钮的文本 -->
	android:id="@+id/button1"  <!--按钮的id -->
></Button>

Button的监听器:onClickListener;



需要实现方法:public void onClick(View v);






代码示例:实现点击按钮生成随机数;






ButtonActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;
import java.util.Random;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class ButtonActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{	//实现点击监听器
	private Button button;
	private TextView tv;
	@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);		//根据ID找组件
        tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);		//为button设置监听器
    }
	@Override
	public void onClick(View view) {
		String str = new Random().nextInt()+"";
		tv.setText(str);
		Toast.makeText(this, "点击了按钮!!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();	//设置提示信息
		 Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);			//创建对话框
	     builder.setTitle("提示信息").setMessage("点击了按钮,随机数为:"+str).show();	//设置对话框属性并显示
	}
}



main.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="" 
        android:id="@+id/tv"
        />
	<Button 
	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="点击生成随机数"
	    android:id="@+id/button1"
	    ></Button>
</LinearLayout>

2.ImageButton






和Button的区别为背景可以自定义图片,在main.xml中定义如下:

 

<ImageButton 
	android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:id="@+id/ib1"
	android:background="@drawable/ic_launcher"/>  <!--设置按钮的背景为drawable文件夹下的ic_launcher图片 -->




代码示例:实现点击图片按钮就切换图片;






main.xml



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello" />
	<ImageButton 
	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:id="@+id/ib1"
	    android:background="@drawable/ic_launcher"/>
</LinearLayout>



ImageButtonActivity.java






package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnTouchListener;
import android.widget.ImageButton;

public class ImageButtonActivity extends Activity {
	private ImageButton ib1;
	@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        ib1 = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.ib1);
        ib1.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener(){

			@Override
			public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
				if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){  //按下按钮时
					ib1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.logo);
				}
				else if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_UP){  //抬起按钮时
					ib1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
				}
				return false;
			}
        	
        });
    }
}






3.EditText



文本框,在main.xml中定义如下:






<EditText
     android:id="@+id/name"
     android:layout_width="fill_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:hint="输入用户名..." 
     android:inputType=""
/>





可以在<EditText>中设置以下属性:
(1)android:inputType="number":输入类型为数字;



(2)android:maxLength="2":输入最长为2;



(3)android:singleLine="true":只能单行显示;






(4)android:password="true"






(5)android:numeric="integer":输入整数






代码示例:实现用户登录;





main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="用户名:" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/name"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="输入用户名..." 
            android:inputType=""
            />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >
 <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="密码:" />
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/password"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="输入密码..."
            android:password="true" />
</LinearLayout>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="提交" >
        </Button>
    </LinearLayout>




EditTextActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class EditTextActivity extends Activity {
	private EditText name;
	private EditText password;
	private Button button;

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.name);
		button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
		password = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
		button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				String n = name.getText().toString();
				String p = password.getText().toString();
				Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(EditTextActivity.this); // 创建对话框
				builder.setTitle("提示信息").setMessage("用户名:" + n + "\n密码:" + p)
						.setPositiveButton("知道了", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
							@Override
							public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
								password.setText("");	//清空密码
							}
						}).show(); 						// 设置对话框属性并显示
			}
		});
	}
}












4.CheckBox



多选框,在main.xml中定义如下:






<CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/shanghai"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="" />





onCheckedChangeListener监听器是专门对CheckBox进行监听,实现方法:public void onCheckedChanged(CompundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked);






代码示例:实现上海、北京、天津的复选框

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="城市:" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/shanghai"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="上海" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/beijing"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="北京" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/tianjing"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="天津" />

</LinearLayout>








CheckBoxActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class CheckBoxActivity extends Activity implements
		OnCheckedChangeListener {
	private CheckBox cb1, cb2, cb3;

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		cb1 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.shanghai);
		cb2 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.beijing);
		cb3 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.tianjing);
		cb1.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
		cb2.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
		cb3.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
	}

	@Override
		public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,   //buttonView表示改变的框,isChecked表示是选中还是取消选中
				boolean isChecked) {
			if(buttonView==cb1||buttonView==cb2||buttonView==cb3){
				if(isChecked){
					Toast.makeText(this, buttonView.getText()+"被选中",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				}
				else{
					Toast.makeText(this, buttonView.getText()+"取消选中",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				}
			}
		
		
	}
}











5.RadioButton





单选框,在main.xml中定义如下:






<RadioGroup> 
	<RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/rb1"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="RadioButton1" >
	</RadioButton>
	<RadioButton>
	</RadioButton>
	......
</RadioGroup>





在单选框中也存在一个OnCheckedChangeListener,但是不同于多选框的监听器,虽然名字一样,但是所在包不一样。






代码示例:实现“男、女”单选框;

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <RadioGroup
        android:id="@+id/rg1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/rb1"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="男" >
        </RadioButton>

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/rb2"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="女" >
        </RadioButton>
    </RadioGroup>

</LinearLayout>








RadioButtonActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.widget.RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener;

public class RadioButtonActivity extends Activity implements OnCheckedChangeListener{
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
	private RadioButton rb1,rb2;
	private RadioGroup rg;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        rb1 = (RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.rb1);
        rb2 = (RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.rb2);
        rg = (RadioGroup)findViewById(R.id.rg1);
        rg.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
    }
	@Override
	public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
		if(group==rg){
			if(rb1.getId()==checkedId){
				Toast.makeText(this, rb1.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
			if(rb2.getId()==checkedId){
				Toast.makeText(this, rb2.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
		}
	}
}








6.ProgressBar



进度条,在main.xml中定义如下:






<ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/pb1"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleXxx"    <!--设置进度条的样式,有大、中、小、条状 -->
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />





1. ?andtroid:attr/progressBarStyleSmall圆形小进度条,动态
2. 默认,即不设置 圆形中等进度条,动态
3. ?android:attr/progressBarStyleLarge 圆形大进度条,动态
4. ?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal



条状进度条属性:





android:max

android:progress

android:secondaryProgress






代码示例:实现条状进度条,并当安装结束时,跳出提示





main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/pb4"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:max="100"
        android:progress="0"
        android:secondaryProgress="0" />
</LinearLayout>




ProgressBarActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ProgressBarActivity extends Activity implements Runnable {
	private ProgressBar bar;
	private boolean isFinished;
	Thread t;
	Handler handler = new Handler();
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		bar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pb4);
		t = new Thread(this);
		t.start();
	}
	public void showToast() {
		handler.post(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "安装完成!",		//此处需要使用Handler,因为不能在子线程中使用Toast
						Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
		});
	}
	public void run() {
		int current = bar.getProgress();
		int currentMax = bar.getMax();
		int secCurrent = bar.getSecondaryProgress();
		while (true) {
			bar.setProgress(current++);
			bar.setSecondaryProgress(secCurrent++);
			if (secCurrent >= currentMax) {
				break;
			}
			try {
				Thread.sleep(50);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		isFinished = true;
		showToast();
	}
}




7.TextView


文本显示组件,在main.xml中定义如下:















<TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello" />    <!--文本文字 -->





8.Dialog



对话框,不需要再main.xml中显示,只需要直接在Activity中创建即可; 


(1)简单的Dialog:






常用函数:



setMessage()



setTitle()



setIcon()



setPositiveButton()



setNegativeButton()






Builder builder = new Builder(DialogActivity.this);   //创建对话框
builder.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_info).setTitle("对话框标题");   //设置对话框图标和标题
builder.setMessage("对话框内容");    //设置对话框信息
builder.setPositiveButton("Yes", new OnClickListener(){      //设置正确按钮
		@Override
		public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int arg1) {
			
		}
});
builder.setNegativeButton("No", new OnClickListener(){     //设置否定按钮
		@Override
		public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int arg1) {
				
		}
});
builder.show();     //显示对话框






(2)在dialog中添加单选框和复选框:

实例:添加“上海、北京、天津”的多选框






setMultiChoiceItems();



setSingleChoiceItems(); 



注:设置这些和setMessage不能同时使用!






package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class DialogActivity extends Activity {
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		Builder builder = new Builder(DialogActivity.this);
		builder.setMultiChoiceItems(new String[] { "上海", "北京", "天津" },   //每项内容
				new boolean[] { true, false, true },    //每项是否没选中
				new OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {    //监听器
					@Override
					public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which,
							boolean isChecked) {
						
					}
				}).show();
	}
}







(3)在dialog中添加列表






builder.setItems(new String[]{"项1","项2"},new OnClickListener(){});  






(4)在dialog中添加视图(在main.xml中定义):




setView函数实现;


Builder builder = new Builder(DialogActivity.this);
        View layout = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.main, null);
        builder.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_info).setTitle("对话框标题");
        builder.setMessage("对话框内容");
        builder.setPositiveButton("Yes", new OnClickListener(){
			@Override
			public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int arg1) {
				
			}
        });
        builder.setNegativeButton("Yes", new OnClickListener(){
			@Override
			public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int arg1) {
				
			}
        });
        builder.setView(layout);
        builder.show();










9.TabHost



分页组件,类似于如下图:


android 控件放置位置 安卓控件位置_xml



在main.xml中无需定义,直接在TabActivity中创建即可,但是TabSpec中的具体内容需要自定义,即引用布局文件中的ID;
注:
(1)Activity需要继承TabActivity 而不是Activity;
(2)OnTabChangedListener为TabHost的监听器,存在方法:public void onTagChanged(String tabId);


(3)TabSpec t1 = tabHost.newTabSpec("TabID");


(4)t1.setContent(布局或控件id);   //为tabSpec添加某个布局


(5)t1.setIndicator(tab的标题);




代码示例:设置三页,每页有各自的内容

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/l1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第1页"></TextView>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/l2"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第2页"></TextView>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/l3"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第3页"></TextView>
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>


TabHostActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.TabActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.widget.TabHost;
import android.widget.TabHost.OnTabChangeListener;
import android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class TabHostActivity extends TabActivity implements OnTabChangeListener {   //继承TabActivity而不是Activity
	TabHost host;

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		host = this.getTabHost();    //新建TabHost
		LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.main,    //将main布局文件映射成tabHost的view
				host.getTabContentView());
		TabSpec t1 = host.newTabSpec("t1");   //新建一个页,id为t1
		t1.setIndicator("标签1");  //设置显示页名
		t1.setContent(R.id.l1);    //设置页的内容为l1布局,此处可以是布局或组件
		host.addTab(t1);     //加入TabHost中
		TabSpec t2 = host.newTabSpec("t2");
		t2.setIndicator("标签2",getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_launcher));
		t2.setContent(R.id.l2);
		host.addTab(t2);
		TabSpec t3 = host.newTabSpec("t3");
		t3.setIndicator("标签3");
		t3.setContent(R.id.l3);
		host.addTab(t3);
		host.setOnTabChangedListener(this);   //设置监听器
	}

	@Override
	public void onTabChanged(String tabId) {
		Log.v("a","aaaa");
		if(tabId.equals("t1")){
			Toast.makeText(this, "标签1ing", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		}
		if(tabId.equals("t2")){
			Toast.makeText(this, "标签2ing", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		}
		if(tabId.equals("t3")){
			Toast.makeText(this, "标签3ing", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		}
		else{
			Toast.makeText(this, tabId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		}
	}
}


10.SeekBar


拖动条,在main.xml中定义如下:


<SeekBar 
android:id="@+id/sb"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>


注:存在OnSeekBarChangeListener监听器,用来监听SeekBar组件的事件,实现方法:

(1)public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar); //开始移动时调用

(2)public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekbar); //结束移动时调用

(3)public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar,int progress,boolean fromUser); //改变时调用,progress为当前值




代码示例:移动SeekBar组件,并在TextView中显示当前值

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello"
        android:id="@+id/tv"
         />
	<SeekBar 
	    android:id="@+id/sb"
	    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    
	    />
</LinearLayout>


SeekBarActivity.java

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class SeekBarActivity extends Activity {
	private TextView tv;
	private SeekBar sb;
	@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
        sb = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.sb);
        sb.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new OnSeekBarChangeListener(){
			@Override
			public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress,
					boolean fromUser) {
				tv.setText(progress+"");
			}
			@Override
			public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
			}
			@Override
			public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
			}
        });
    }
}






11.ListView


列表视图;


(1)使用ArrayAdapter实现普通列表


ArrayAdapter是一个媒介,通过它可以把数组映射到ListView视图上。


(1)new ArrayAapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,list);   将list存放到ArrayAdapter中;


(2)lv.setAdapter(adapter);  为listView设置Adapter;


package org.xiazdong;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;

public class ListViewActivity extends Activity implements OnItemClickListener{
	ArrayList<String> list;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        list = new ArrayList<String>();
        list.add("xiazdong-1");
        list.add("xiazdong-2");
        list.add("xiazdong-3");
        ArrayAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,list);
        ListView lv = new ListView(this);
        lv.setAdapter(adapter);
        lv.setOnItemClickListener(this);
        this.setContentView(lv);
    }
	@Override
	public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) {
		Toast.makeText(this,list.get(arg2), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}
}


(2)自定义适配器BaseAdapter



二、4种布局介绍



AbsoluteLayout因为已被废除,因此不做介绍;

只要存在界面,就会有布局的存在,就像Swing,虽然一个是桌面应用,一个是手机应用,但是他们都差不多。



此处因为布局非常简单,所以就不用代码来讲解了。



1.LinearLayout



默认布局。组件的排列按照预先定义方向很有序的排列,类似于Swing中的FlowLayout;

注意点:

(1)可以在<LinearLayout>中添加android:orientation:vertical/horizontal ;


(2)可以嵌套<LinearLayout>;

2.FrameLayout


每个组件都在左上角,如果多个组件一起出现,则会重叠;



3.RelativeLayout


每个组件定位都是按照与其他组件的上下、左右定位;

默认的定位为左上方;
(1)定位与组件的上下左右


android:layout_below="@id/.."


android:layout_above="@id/"


android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/"


android:layout_toRightOf="@id/"


(2)定位与组件的边缘对齐


android:layout_alignLeft="@id/"


android:layout_alignRight="@id/"


android:layout_alignTop="@id/"


android:layout_alignBottom="@id/"


(3)定位与父组件的边缘对齐


android:layout_alignParentTop="true"


android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"


android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"


android:layout_alignParentRight="true"


(4)与整个屏幕的关系


android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"


android:layout_centerVertical="true"


android:layout_centerInParent="true"


4.TableLayout


类似于Swing中的GridLayout;


表格布局的每行用<TabRow>括起来;


在<TableLayout>中可以定义如下属性:




(1)android:shrinkColumns="1" 表明第2个控件如果里面的内容过多,会收缩,扩展到第二行,而不是延伸;


(2)android:stretchColumns="2" 如果有空白,第3个控件填充;




在控件中设置:




(1)android:layout_column="2" 将此控件放在第3个位置;


(2)android:layout_span="2" 此控件占据2个单元位置;




补充:

1.在Activity中根据id获得strings.xml和main.xml中的内容


getResources().getString(int id);

getResources().getDrawable(int id);

2.锁定横竖屏


因为在CTRL+F11时 会发生问题,因此可以再AndroidManifest.xml的Activity设置:android:screenOrientation=""


(1)portrait:竖屏;

(2)landscape:横屏;


3.可视化设置布局、控件


main.xml 如下所示:

android 控件放置位置 安卓控件位置_android 控件放置位置_02




多个Activity之间跳转




使用Intent进行多个页面的跳转;


(1)Intent intent = new Intent(Context c,Class class);  c表示当前界面,class表示要跳转到的界面的class;


(2)intent.putExtra(String key,String value);  //设置传输内容;


(3)this.startActivity(intent);   //开始跳转


(4)Intent intent = this.getIntent();  //获得传输来的intent


(5)String value = intent.getStringExtra(String key);   //获得数据




代码示例:




main.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="第一个界面" />
        <TextView
       	android:id="@+id/tv1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="" />
	<EditText 
	    android:id="@+id/e1"
	    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:hint="输入信息"
	    />
	<Button 
	    android:id="@+id/b1"
	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="发送到第二个界面"
	    />
</LinearLayout>


mylayout.xml



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="第二个界面" />
        <TextView
       	android:id="@+id/tv2"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="" />
	<EditText 
	    android:id="@+id/e2"
	    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:hint="输入信息"
	    />
	<Button 
	    android:id="@+id/b2"
	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	    android:text="发送到第一个界面"
	    />
</LinearLayout>


MultiActivityActivity.java


package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MultiActivityActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
	private Button b1;
	private EditText e1;
	private TextView tv1;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        b1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.b1);
        e1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.e1);
        tv1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv1);
        Intent i = this.getIntent();
		if(i.getStringExtra("2")!=null){
			tv1.setText(i.getStringExtra("2"));
		}
        b1.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		
		Intent intent = new Intent(MultiActivityActivity.this,OtherActivity.class);
		intent.putExtra("1", e1.getText().toString());
		this.startActivity(intent);
	}
}




OtherActivity.java



package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class OtherActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
	private TextView view ;
	private Button b2;
	private EditText e2;
	private TextView tv2;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		view = new TextView(this);
		setContentView(R.layout.mylayout);
		b2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.b2);
        e2 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.e2);
        tv2 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv2);
        Intent i = this.getIntent();
		if(i.getStringExtra("1")!=null){
			tv2.setText(i.getStringExtra("1"));
		}
		b2.setOnClickListener(this);
	}
	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		
		Intent intent = new Intent(OtherActivity.this,MultiActivityActivity.class);
		intent.putExtra("2", e2.getText().toString());
		this.startActivity(intent);
	}
	
}