在工作过程中,经常需要调整一些hadoop的参数配置,所以经常会遇到各种各样的问题。比如改了个配置怎么突然namenode起不来啦,加了个jar包怎么让hadoop的jvm加载啊,如何设定log目录啦等等,每次都需要仔细的查一遍启动脚本才能找到原因,费时又费力,因此专门总结了一下以便不时之需。
cloudera的hadoop的启动脚本写的异常复杂和零散,各种shell脚本分散在系统的各个角落,让人很无语。下面以namenode启动的过程为例说明hadoop的启动脚本的调用关系和各个脚本的作用。
hadoop启动的入口脚本是/etc/init.d/hadoop-hdfs-name,下面我们顺着启动namenode的顺序看看hadoop的启动调用过程。
/etc/init.d/hadoop-hdfs-namenode:
#1.加载/etc/default/hadoop /etc/default/hadoop-hdfs-namenode
#2.执行/usr/lib/hadoop/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh启动namenode
cloudera启动namenode的用户为hdfs,默认的配置目录是/etc/hadoop/conf
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1. start() {
2. [ -x $EXEC_PATH ] || exit $ERROR_PROGRAM_NOT_INSTALLED
3. [ -d $CONF_DIR ] || exit $ERROR_PROGRAM_NOT_CONFIGURED
4. log_success_msg "Starting ${DESC}: "
5.
6. su -s /bin/bash $SVC_USER -c "$EXEC_PATH --config '$CONF_DIR' start $DAEMON_FLAGS"
7.
8. # Some processes are slow to start
9. sleep $SLEEP_TIME
10. checkstatusofproc
11. RETVAL=$?
12.
13. [ $RETVAL -eq $RETVAL_SUCCESS ] && touch $LOCKFILE
14. return $RETVAL
15. }
/etc/default/hadoop /etc/default/hadoop-hdfs-namenode:
#1.配置logdir,piddir,user
/usr/lib/hadoop/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh
#1.加载/usr/lib/hadoop/libexec/hadoop-config.sh
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1. DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="$bin"/../libexec
2. HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=${HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
3. . $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh
#2.加载hadoop-env.sh
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1. if [ -f "${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh" ]; then
2. . "${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh"
3. fi
#3.指定log目录
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1. # get log directory
2. if [ "$HADOOP_LOG_DIR" = "" ]; then
3. export HADOOP_LOG_DIR="$HADOOP_PREFIX/logs"
4. fi
#4.补全log目录和log4j的logger等参数
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1. export HADOOP_LOGFILE=hadoop-$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING-$command-$HOSTNAME.log
2. export HADOOP_ROOT_LOGGER=${HADOOP_ROOT_LOGGER:-"INFO,RFA"}
3. export HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER=${HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER:-"INFO,RFAS"}
4. export HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER=${HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER:-"INFO,NullAppender"}
5. log=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR/hadoop-$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING-$command-$HOSTNAME.out
6. pid=$HADOOP_PID_DIR/hadoop-$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING-$command.pid
7. HADOOP_STOP_TIMEOUT=${HADOOP_STOP_TIMEOUT:-5}
#5.调用/usr/lib/hadoop-hdfs/bin/hdfs
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1. hadoop_rotate_log $log
2. echo starting $command, logging to $log
3. cd "$HADOOP_PREFIX"
4. case $command in
5. namenode|secondarynamenode|datanode|journalnode|dfs|dfsadmin|fsck|balancer|zkfc)
6. if [ -z "$HADOOP_HDFS_HOME" ]; then
7. hdfsScript="$HADOOP_PREFIX"/bin/hdfs
8. else
9. hdfsScript="$HADOOP_HDFS_HOME"/bin/hdfs
10. fi
11. nohup nice -n $HADOOP_NICENESS $hdfsScript --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR $command "$@" > "$log" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
12. ;;
13. (*)
14. nohup nice -n $HADOOP_NICENESS $hadoopScript --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR $command "$@" > "$log" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
15. ;;
16. esac
17. echo $! > $pid
18. sleep 1; head "$log"
19. sleep 3;
20. if ! ps -p $! > /dev/null ; then
21. exit 1
22. fi
可以看到namenode的sysout输出到$log中,即log=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR/hadoop-$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING-$command-$HOSTNAME.out
/usr/lib/hadoop/libexec/hadoop-config.sh
#1.加载/usr/lib/hadoop/libexec/hadoop-layout.sh
hadoop-layout.sh主要描述了hadoop的lib的文件夹结构,主要内容如下
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1. HADOOP_COMMON_DIR="./"
2. HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_JARS_DIR="lib"
3. HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR="lib/native"
4. HDFS_DIR="./"
5. HDFS_LIB_JARS_DIR="lib"
6. YARN_DIR="./"
7. YARN_LIB_JARS_DIR="lib"
8. MAPRED_DIR="./"
9. MAPRED_LIB_JARS_DIR="lib"
10.
11. HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=${HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-"/usr/lib/hadoop/libexec"}
12. HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_CONF_DIR:-"/etc/hadoop/conf"}
13. HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_COMMON_HOME:-"/usr/lib/hadoop"}
14. HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_HDFS_HOME:-"/usr/lib/hadoop-hdfs"}
15. HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME:-"/usr/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce"}
16. YARN_HOME=${YARN_HOME:-"/usr/lib/hadoop-yarn"}
#2.指定HDFS和YARN的lib
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1. HADOOP_COMMON_DIR=${HADOOP_COMMON_DIR:-"share/hadoop/common"}
2. HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_JARS_DIR=${HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_JARS_DIR:-"share/hadoop/common/lib"}
3. HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=${HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR:-"lib/native"}
4. HDFS_DIR=${HDFS_DIR:-"share/hadoop/hdfs"}
5. HDFS_LIB_JARS_DIR=${HDFS_LIB_JARS_DIR:-"share/hadoop/hdfs/lib"}
6. YARN_DIR=${YARN_DIR:-"share/hadoop/yarn"}
7. YARN_LIB_JARS_DIR=${YARN_LIB_JARS_DIR:-"share/hadoop/yarn/lib"}
8. MAPRED_DIR=${MAPRED_DIR:-"share/hadoop/mapreduce"}
9. MAPRED_LIB_JARS_DIR=${MAPRED_LIB_JARS_DIR:-"share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib"}
10.
11. # the root of the Hadoop installation
12. # See HADOOP-6255 for directory structure layout
13. HADOOP_DEFAULT_PREFIX=$(cd -P -- "$common_bin"/.. && pwd -P)
14. HADOOP_PREFIX=${HADOOP_PREFIX:-$HADOOP_DEFAULT_PREFIX}
15. export HADOOP_PREFIX
#3.对slave文件判断。但cdh的hadoop不是依靠slave来启动集群的,而是要用户自己写集群启动脚本(也许是为了逼用户用他的CloudManager。。。)
#4.再次指定env文件
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1. if [ -f "${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh" ]; then
2. . "${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh"
3. fi
#5.指定java home
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1. # Attempt to set JAVA_HOME if it is not set
2. if [[ -z $JAVA_HOME ]]; then
3. # On OSX use java_home (or /Library for older versions)
4. if [ "Darwin" == "$(uname -s)" ]; then
5. if [ -x /usr/libexec/java_home ]; then
6. export JAVA_HOME=($(/usr/libexec/java_home))
7. else
8. export JAVA_HOME=(/Library/Java/Home)
9. fi
10. fi
11.
12. # Bail if we did not detect it
13. if [[ -z $JAVA_HOME ]]; then
14. echo "Error: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found." 1>&2
15. exit 1
16. fi
17. fi
#6.指定Java程序启动的heapsize,如果用户在hadoop-env.sh中指定了HADOOP_HEAPSIZE字段则会覆盖默认值1000m
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1. # some Java parameters
2. JAVA_HEAP_MAX=-Xmx1000m
3.
4. # check envvars which might override default args
5. if [ "$HADOOP_HEAPSIZE" != "" ]; then
6. #echo "run with heapsize $HADOOP_HEAPSIZE"
7. JAVA_HEAP_MAX="-Xmx""$HADOOP_HEAPSIZE""m"
8. #echo $JAVA_HEAP_MAX
9. fi
#7.指定程序的classpath,一大串代码,总结下就是
HADOOP_CONF_DIR+HADOOP_CLASSPATH+HADOOP_COMMON_DIR+HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_JARS_DIR+
HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_JARS_DIR+HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR+HDFS_DIR+HDFS_LIB_JARS_DIR
+YARN_DIR+YARN_LIB_JARS_DIR+MAPRED_DIR+MAPRED_LIB_JARS_DIR
有一个要注意的,hadoop比较贴心的提供了HADOOP_USER_CLASSPATH_FIRST属性,如何设置了,
则HADOOP_CLASSPATH(用户自定义classpath)会在hadoop自身的jar包前加载,用来解决用户
想最先加载自定义的jar包情况。
#8.指定HADOOP_OPTS,-Dhadoop.log.dir这些类似参数会在conf下的log4j配置中用到
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1. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.log.dir=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR"
2. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.log.file=$HADOOP_LOGFILE"
3. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.home.dir=$HADOOP_PREFIX"
4. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.id.str=$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING"
5. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.root.logger=${HADOOP_ROOT_LOGGER:-INFO,console}"
6. if [ "x$JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH" != "x" ]; then
7. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.library.path=$JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH"
8. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH
9. fi
10. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.policy.file=$HADOOP_POLICYFILE"
11.
12. # Disable ipv6 as it can cause issues
13. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"
14.
15. <span style="font-size:18px;">
16. </span>
/usr/lib/hadoop-hdfs/bin/hdfs
#1.加载/usr/lib/hadoop/libexec/hdfs-config.sh,但好像没啥作用
#2.根据启动参数指定java的启动mainclass:
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1. if [ "$COMMAND" = "namenode" ] ; then
2. CLASS='org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode'
3. HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS $HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS"
4.
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1. #3.启动Java程序
2. exec "$JAVA" -Dproc_$COMMAND $JAVA_HEAP_MAX $HADOOP_OPTS $CLASS "$@"
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最后介绍几个配置的小例子。
1.如何指定hadoop的log目录:
从启动脚本中看几个配置的优先级排序是hadoop-env.sh>hadoop-config.sh>/etc/default/hadoop,因此我们如果想指定hadoop的log目录只需在hadoop-env.sh中添加一行:
export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=xxxxx
2.如何添加自己的jar包到hadoop中被namenode,datanode使用
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=xxxxx
3.如何单独设定namenode的java heapsize。
比如想设置namenode10G,datanode1G,这个就有点意思了。如果直接指定HADOOP_HEAPSIZE那么此参数会作用于namenode,datanode,而单独在namenode的参数中指定也会有点小问题哦,不过基本是可以使用的。
总之,由于hadoop的启动脚本极其多而且琐碎,再加上hbase hive的启动脚本都是类似的结构,导致在添加修改一些配置时会产生很多莫名的问题,大家也可以在使用的过程中细细体会啦