1 什么是JSON数据?

  • 先看下面,这里有一段JSON数据,我们根据这段数进行讲解:
{
  "paramz": {
    "feeds": [
      {
        "id": 299076,
        "oid": 288340,
        "category": "article",
        "data": {
          "subject": "荔枝新闻3.0:不止是阅读",
          "summary": "江苏广电旗下资讯类手机应用“荔枝新闻”于近期推出全新升级换代的3.0版。",
          "cover": "/Attachs/Article/288340/3e8e2c397c70469f8845fad73aa38165_padmini.JPG",
          "pic": "",
          "format": "txt",
          "changed": "2015-09-22 16:01:41"
        }
      }
    ],
    "PageIndex": 1,
    "PageSize": 20,
    "TotalCount": 53521,
    "TotalPage": 2677
  }
}

其实JSON数据就是一段字符串而已,只不过有不同意义的分隔符将其分割开来而已,我们看上面的符号,里面有[] ,{}等符号,其中

  • 1 []中括号代表的是一个数组;
  • 2 {}大括号代表的是一个对象
  • 3 双引号“”表示的是属性值
  • 4 冒号:代表的是前后之间的关系,冒号前面是属性的名称,后面是属性的值,这个值可以是基本数据类型,也可以是引用数据类型。

2 了解了JSON数据的格式,怎么对这段数据进行解析呢?

JSONObject系统自带的解析方式解析,我们先来JSONObject(系统自带的类)类中的方法:

java json格式写法_json

  • 上面用红框框出来的是我们手动解析最常用的方法了,好了,现在我们想要解析上面的一段数据,该怎么做呢?这里我写了一个解析类如下:
public class JsonUtils {

    /**
     * 根据json数据解析返回一个List<HashMap<String, Object>>集合
     * @param json  json数据
     * @return
     */
    public static List<HashMap<String, Object>> getJsonList(String json) {
        List<HashMap<String, Object>> dataList;
        dataList = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(json);
            JSONObject paramzObject = rootObject.getJSONObject("paramz");
            JSONArray feedsArray = paramzObject.getJSONArray("feeds");
            for (int i = 0; i < feedsArray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject sonObject = feedsArray.getJSONObject(i);
                JSONObject dataObject = sonObject.getJSONObject("data");
                String subjectStr = dataObject.getString("subject");
                String summaryStr = dataObject.getString("summary");
                String coverStr = dataObject.getString("cover");
                HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
                map.put("subject", subjectStr);
                map.put("summary", summaryStr);
                map.put("cover", coverStr);
                dataList.add(map);
            }
            return dataList;
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

相信很简单一看就懂了吧,此方法写起来主要是比较费时间罢了,无非就是几个方法不停的调用而已,所以显得特别的费时费力,下面我又写了一个解析的方法,方法中会有一些冗余的代码,是为了更加深刻理解JSON解析而写的,实际中可以删掉,也用了一行GSON解析,GSON解析下面会见讲到:

其中DataModel对象我是将data对象使用GsonFormat插件工具生成的,使用方式可以自行搜索

public class DataModel {

    /**
     * subject : "荔枝新闻3.0:不止是阅读"
     * summary : "江苏广电旗下资讯类手机应用“荔枝新闻”于近期推出全新升级换代的3.0版。"
     * cover : "/Attachs/Article/288340/3e8e2c397c70469f8845fad73aa38165_padmini.JPG"
     * pic :
     * format : video
     * changed : 2015-11-07 14:35:22
     */

    public String subject;
    public String summary;
    public String cover;
    public String pic;
    public String format;
    public String changed;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DataModel{" +
                "subject='" + subject + '\'' +
                ", summary='" + summary + '\'' +
                ", cover='" + cover + '\'' +
                ", pic='" + pic + '\'' +
                ", format='" + format + '\'' +
                ", changed='" + changed + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
/**
     * 根据json对象获取List<DataModel>集合
     * @param json 数据
     * @return
     */
    public static List<DataModel> getGsonList(String json) {
        List<DataModel> dataList;
        try {
            JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(json);
            JSONObject paramzObject = rootObject.getJSONObject("paramz");

            /**
             * JSONArray的构造方法获取JSONArray对象
             */
            JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(paramzObject.getString("feeds"));
            Log.i(TAG, "jsonarray.length():"+jsonArray.length());

            /**
             * 获取JSONObject对象的属性关键字
             */
            Iterator<String> iterators = paramzObject.keys();
            while (iterators.hasNext()) {
                Log.i(TAG, "iterators: " + iterators.next());
            }
            JSONArray feeds = paramzObject.getJSONArray("feeds");
            dataList = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < feeds.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject jsonObject = feeds.getJSONObject(i);
                DataModel model = new Gson().fromJson(jsonObject.getString("data"), new TypeToken<DataModel>() {
                }.getType());
                Log.i(TAG, "DataModel: " + model.toString());
                dataList.add(model);
            }
            return dataList;
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return null;
    }

简单总结一下上面的解析吧:

1 对于JSONObject对象来说,想要得到一个JSONObject对象通常可以通过

  • (a):构造方式:JSONObject(String json)-> JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(json);
  • (b):JSONObject getJSONObject(String name){}-> JSONObject paramzObject = rootObject.getJSONObject(“paramz”);

2 对于JSONArray对象来说,想要得到一个JSONArray对象通常可以通过

• (a):构造方式:JSONArray(String json)->JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(paramzObject.getString(“feeds”));
• (b):JSONObject getJSONObject(String name){}-> JSONArray feeds = paramzObject.getJSONArray(“feeds”);

3 Gson解析

我们如果懂得了上面的手动解析方式的话,那么对于Gson解析而言,就太简单了,下面我们就开始解析下面一段JSON数据:

{
    "homeadlist": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "imgurl": "/img/homead/a73b3f1d-0f14-429d-9d0f-70643fb0f0eb.jpg",
            "jumpflag": 0,
            "jumpurl": "",
            "posflag": 1,
            "remark": "1111",
            "cityid": 1
        },
        {
            "id": 12,
            "imgurl": "/img/homead/eb442fbf-49db-4ba6-a102-d781505f426d.jpg",
            "jumpflag": 0,
            "jumpurl": "",
            "posflag": 2,
            "remark": "",
            "cityid": 1
        },
        {
            "id": 14,
            "imgurl": "/img/homead/68109460-635d-4c5c-8be8-64d7c7889d18.jpg",
            "jumpflag": 0,
            "jumpurl": "http://shiranlife.kuaizhan.com/",
            "posflag": 4,
            "remark": "",
            "cityid": 1
        }
    ]
}

首先我们使用GsonFormat工具生成一个类HomeadListModel:

public class HomeadListModel {

    /**
     * code : 1
     * data : {"homeadlist":[{"id":1,"imgurl":"/img/homead/a73b3f1d-0f14-429d-9d0f-70643fb0f0eb.jpg","jumpflag":0,"jumpurl":"","posflag":1,"remark":"1111","cityid":1},{"id":12,"imgurl":"/img/homead/eb442fbf-49db-4ba6-a102-d781505f426d.jpg","jumpflag":0,"jumpurl":"","posflag":2,"remark":"","cityid":1},{"id":14,"imgurl":"/img/homead/68109460-635d-4c5c-8be8-64d7c7889d18.jpg","jumpflag":0,"jumpurl":"http://shiranlife.kuaizhan.com/","posflag":4,"remark":"","cityid":1}]}
     */

    public int code;
    public DataBean data;

    public static class DataBean {
        public List<HomeadlistBean> homeadlist;

        public static class HomeadlistBean {
            public int id;
            public String imgurl;
            public int jumpflag;
            public String jumpurl;
            public int posflag;
            public String remark;
            public int cityid;
        }
    }
}

我们使用OKHttpClient,代码如下

OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .get()
                .build();

        builder.build().newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                Gson gson = new Gson();
                /**
                 * java.lang.IllegalStateException: closed
                 * 因为OkHttp请求回调中response.body().string()只能有效调用一次
                 *
                 */

                String string = response.body().string();
                Log.i("aaa", "response: " + string);
                /**
                 * 重新构建一个response 因为response.body().string()调用一次之后流就断掉了,只能有效调用一次
                 */
                MediaType mediaType = response.body().contentType();
                Response response1 = response.newBuilder().body(ResponseBody.create(mediaType, string)).build();
                String string1 = response1.body().string();
                Log.i("aaa", "response1: " + string1);
                /**
                 * 将json数据转换为对象
                 */
                HomeadListModel model = gson.fromJson(string1, HomeadListModel.class);
                //HomeadListModel model2 = gson.fromJson(string1, new TypeToken<HomeadListModel>() {
                }.getType());
                /**
                 * 将对象转换为json数据
                 */
                String jsonString = gson.toJson(model);
                Log.i("aaa", "onResponse2: " + jsonString);

                for (HomeadListModel.DataBean.HomeadlistBean data : model.data.homeadlist) {
                    mData.add(imageUrl + data.imgurl);
                }
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    }
                });
            }
        });

我们想要将一个json数据转换为对象的话需要使用fromJson(String json, Class classOfT) /fromJson(String json, Type typeOfT),当我们需要将对象转换为String的时候根据String toJson(Object src)方法即可。这里需要注意一点,如果response.body().string()调用大于一次的话,就会报错java.lang.IllegalStateException: closed,因为response.body().string()调用一次之后流就断掉了,需要重新构建一个response;

 

4 FastJson解析

  • 这个解析和Gson解析差不多,也是一行就搞定了,也是对上面的Gson数据进行解析,想要将json数据解析成对象需要使用 parseObject()方法,参数可以传Class,也可以传Type;当需要通过对象得到String字符串时候使用String json1 = JSONObject.toJSONString(model)即可,下面贴上代码:
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .get()
                .build();
        builder.build().newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {

                String json = response.body().string();
                /**
                 * 根据json数据获取对象
                 */
                HomeadListModel model = JSONObject.parseObject(json, new TypeToken<HomeadListModel>() {
                }.getType());
//                HomeadListModel model2 = JSONObject.parseObject(json, HomeadListModel.class);

                /**
                 * 根据对象获取json数据
                 */
                String json1 = JSONObject.toJSONString(model);
                Log.i("aaa", "fastJson: " + json1);

                for (HomeadListModel.DataBean.HomeadlistBean data : model.data.homeadlist) {
                    mData.add(imageUrl + data.imgurl);
                }
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    }
                });
            }
        });