1 什么是JSON数据?
- 先看下面,这里有一段JSON数据,我们根据这段数进行讲解:
{
"paramz": {
"feeds": [
{
"id": 299076,
"oid": 288340,
"category": "article",
"data": {
"subject": "荔枝新闻3.0:不止是阅读",
"summary": "江苏广电旗下资讯类手机应用“荔枝新闻”于近期推出全新升级换代的3.0版。",
"cover": "/Attachs/Article/288340/3e8e2c397c70469f8845fad73aa38165_padmini.JPG",
"pic": "",
"format": "txt",
"changed": "2015-09-22 16:01:41"
}
}
],
"PageIndex": 1,
"PageSize": 20,
"TotalCount": 53521,
"TotalPage": 2677
}
}
其实JSON数据就是一段字符串而已,只不过有不同意义的分隔符将其分割开来而已,我们看上面的符号,里面有[] ,{}等符号,其中
- 1 []中括号代表的是一个数组;
- 2 {}大括号代表的是一个对象
- 3 双引号“”表示的是属性值
- 4 冒号:代表的是前后之间的关系,冒号前面是属性的名称,后面是属性的值,这个值可以是基本数据类型,也可以是引用数据类型。
2 了解了JSON数据的格式,怎么对这段数据进行解析呢?
JSONObject系统自带的解析方式解析,我们先来JSONObject(系统自带的类)类中的方法:
- 上面用红框框出来的是我们手动解析最常用的方法了,好了,现在我们想要解析上面的一段数据,该怎么做呢?这里我写了一个解析类如下:
public class JsonUtils {
/**
* 根据json数据解析返回一个List<HashMap<String, Object>>集合
* @param json json数据
* @return
*/
public static List<HashMap<String, Object>> getJsonList(String json) {
List<HashMap<String, Object>> dataList;
dataList = new ArrayList<>();
try {
JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(json);
JSONObject paramzObject = rootObject.getJSONObject("paramz");
JSONArray feedsArray = paramzObject.getJSONArray("feeds");
for (int i = 0; i < feedsArray.length(); i++) {
JSONObject sonObject = feedsArray.getJSONObject(i);
JSONObject dataObject = sonObject.getJSONObject("data");
String subjectStr = dataObject.getString("subject");
String summaryStr = dataObject.getString("summary");
String coverStr = dataObject.getString("cover");
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("subject", subjectStr);
map.put("summary", summaryStr);
map.put("cover", coverStr);
dataList.add(map);
}
return dataList;
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
相信很简单一看就懂了吧,此方法写起来主要是比较费时间罢了,无非就是几个方法不停的调用而已,所以显得特别的费时费力,下面我又写了一个解析的方法,方法中会有一些冗余的代码,是为了更加深刻理解JSON解析而写的,实际中可以删掉,也用了一行GSON解析,GSON解析下面会见讲到:
其中DataModel对象我是将data对象使用GsonFormat插件工具生成的,使用方式可以自行搜索
public class DataModel {
/**
* subject : "荔枝新闻3.0:不止是阅读"
* summary : "江苏广电旗下资讯类手机应用“荔枝新闻”于近期推出全新升级换代的3.0版。"
* cover : "/Attachs/Article/288340/3e8e2c397c70469f8845fad73aa38165_padmini.JPG"
* pic :
* format : video
* changed : 2015-11-07 14:35:22
*/
public String subject;
public String summary;
public String cover;
public String pic;
public String format;
public String changed;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DataModel{" +
"subject='" + subject + '\'' +
", summary='" + summary + '\'' +
", cover='" + cover + '\'' +
", pic='" + pic + '\'' +
", format='" + format + '\'' +
", changed='" + changed + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
/**
* 根据json对象获取List<DataModel>集合
* @param json 数据
* @return
*/
public static List<DataModel> getGsonList(String json) {
List<DataModel> dataList;
try {
JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(json);
JSONObject paramzObject = rootObject.getJSONObject("paramz");
/**
* JSONArray的构造方法获取JSONArray对象
*/
JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(paramzObject.getString("feeds"));
Log.i(TAG, "jsonarray.length():"+jsonArray.length());
/**
* 获取JSONObject对象的属性关键字
*/
Iterator<String> iterators = paramzObject.keys();
while (iterators.hasNext()) {
Log.i(TAG, "iterators: " + iterators.next());
}
JSONArray feeds = paramzObject.getJSONArray("feeds");
dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < feeds.length(); i++) {
JSONObject jsonObject = feeds.getJSONObject(i);
DataModel model = new Gson().fromJson(jsonObject.getString("data"), new TypeToken<DataModel>() {
}.getType());
Log.i(TAG, "DataModel: " + model.toString());
dataList.add(model);
}
return dataList;
} catch (JSONException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
简单总结一下上面的解析吧:
1 对于JSONObject对象来说,想要得到一个JSONObject对象通常可以通过
- (a):构造方式:JSONObject(String json)-> JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(json);
- (b):JSONObject getJSONObject(String name){}-> JSONObject paramzObject = rootObject.getJSONObject(“paramz”);
2 对于JSONArray对象来说,想要得到一个JSONArray对象通常可以通过
• (a):构造方式:JSONArray(String json)->JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(paramzObject.getString(“feeds”));
• (b):JSONObject getJSONObject(String name){}-> JSONArray feeds = paramzObject.getJSONArray(“feeds”);
3 Gson解析
我们如果懂得了上面的手动解析方式的话,那么对于Gson解析而言,就太简单了,下面我们就开始解析下面一段JSON数据:
{
"homeadlist": [
{
"id": 1,
"imgurl": "/img/homead/a73b3f1d-0f14-429d-9d0f-70643fb0f0eb.jpg",
"jumpflag": 0,
"jumpurl": "",
"posflag": 1,
"remark": "1111",
"cityid": 1
},
{
"id": 12,
"imgurl": "/img/homead/eb442fbf-49db-4ba6-a102-d781505f426d.jpg",
"jumpflag": 0,
"jumpurl": "",
"posflag": 2,
"remark": "",
"cityid": 1
},
{
"id": 14,
"imgurl": "/img/homead/68109460-635d-4c5c-8be8-64d7c7889d18.jpg",
"jumpflag": 0,
"jumpurl": "http://shiranlife.kuaizhan.com/",
"posflag": 4,
"remark": "",
"cityid": 1
}
]
}
首先我们使用GsonFormat工具生成一个类HomeadListModel:
public class HomeadListModel {
/**
* code : 1
* data : {"homeadlist":[{"id":1,"imgurl":"/img/homead/a73b3f1d-0f14-429d-9d0f-70643fb0f0eb.jpg","jumpflag":0,"jumpurl":"","posflag":1,"remark":"1111","cityid":1},{"id":12,"imgurl":"/img/homead/eb442fbf-49db-4ba6-a102-d781505f426d.jpg","jumpflag":0,"jumpurl":"","posflag":2,"remark":"","cityid":1},{"id":14,"imgurl":"/img/homead/68109460-635d-4c5c-8be8-64d7c7889d18.jpg","jumpflag":0,"jumpurl":"http://shiranlife.kuaizhan.com/","posflag":4,"remark":"","cityid":1}]}
*/
public int code;
public DataBean data;
public static class DataBean {
public List<HomeadlistBean> homeadlist;
public static class HomeadlistBean {
public int id;
public String imgurl;
public int jumpflag;
public String jumpurl;
public int posflag;
public String remark;
public int cityid;
}
}
}
我们使用OKHttpClient,代码如下
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
builder.build().newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
Gson gson = new Gson();
/**
* java.lang.IllegalStateException: closed
* 因为OkHttp请求回调中response.body().string()只能有效调用一次
*
*/
String string = response.body().string();
Log.i("aaa", "response: " + string);
/**
* 重新构建一个response 因为response.body().string()调用一次之后流就断掉了,只能有效调用一次
*/
MediaType mediaType = response.body().contentType();
Response response1 = response.newBuilder().body(ResponseBody.create(mediaType, string)).build();
String string1 = response1.body().string();
Log.i("aaa", "response1: " + string1);
/**
* 将json数据转换为对象
*/
HomeadListModel model = gson.fromJson(string1, HomeadListModel.class);
//HomeadListModel model2 = gson.fromJson(string1, new TypeToken<HomeadListModel>() {
}.getType());
/**
* 将对象转换为json数据
*/
String jsonString = gson.toJson(model);
Log.i("aaa", "onResponse2: " + jsonString);
for (HomeadListModel.DataBean.HomeadlistBean data : model.data.homeadlist) {
mData.add(imageUrl + data.imgurl);
}
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
}
});
我们想要将一个json数据转换为对象的话需要使用fromJson(String json, Class classOfT) /fromJson(String json, Type typeOfT),当我们需要将对象转换为String的时候根据String toJson(Object src)方法即可。这里需要注意一点,如果response.body().string()调用大于一次的话,就会报错java.lang.IllegalStateException: closed,因为response.body().string()调用一次之后流就断掉了,需要重新构建一个response;
4 FastJson解析
- 这个解析和Gson解析差不多,也是一行就搞定了,也是对上面的Gson数据进行解析,想要将json数据解析成对象需要使用 parseObject()方法,参数可以传Class,也可以传Type;当需要通过对象得到String字符串时候使用String json1 = JSONObject.toJSONString(model)即可,下面贴上代码:
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
builder.build().newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
String json = response.body().string();
/**
* 根据json数据获取对象
*/
HomeadListModel model = JSONObject.parseObject(json, new TypeToken<HomeadListModel>() {
}.getType());
// HomeadListModel model2 = JSONObject.parseObject(json, HomeadListModel.class);
/**
* 根据对象获取json数据
*/
String json1 = JSONObject.toJSONString(model);
Log.i("aaa", "fastJson: " + json1);
for (HomeadListModel.DataBean.HomeadlistBean data : model.data.homeadlist) {
mData.add(imageUrl + data.imgurl);
}
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
}
});