spring整合Hibernate步骤以及遇到的问题


文章目录

  • spring整合Hibernate步骤以及遇到的问题
  • 步骤：
  • 创建实体类：
  • 编写Dao层：
  • 编写server层：
  • spring配置文件
  • hibernate配置文件
  • 用到的注解：
  • 遇到的问题
  • 找不到spring的@Transactional注解
  • 使用HibernateDaoSupport时注入SessionFactory的方式
  • 使用自动扫描机制时要添加扫描包
  • xml配置全过程代码



使用环境：


idea 2019.1


jdk 1.8


spring 5.3.1


hibernate 5.4.6


连接数据库方式 dbcp

步骤介绍使用的是注解注入，后面贴上了使用配置文件配置。

步骤：

创建一个spring项目并且勾上Web Application、勾上hibernate，Libraries选择Set up library later

springboot整合hibernate 和 达梦 spring整合hibernate步骤_spring

springboot整合hibernate 和 达梦 spring整合hibernate步骤_java_02


**创建好项目后，在web目录下创建lib子目录，将要添加的jar复制到里面，并右键所有复制进去的包，选择Add as library成功将jar包导入到项目中。**以下为使用到的jar包，圈出的为必须导入。

springboot整合hibernate 和 达梦 spring整合hibernate步骤_java_03

springboot整合hibernate 和 达梦 spring整合hibernate步骤_java_04

整合spring和hibernate时对于配置文件有两种写法：将hibernate配置文件直接写入spring配置文件中；另外写hibernate配置文件，在spring中注入。（以下演示选择的是后者，后者spring的配置文件更简洁）
ps：1.、在整合后的hibernate配置文件中只存放：dialect、ddl模式、是否显示sql、加载映射文件等配置，数据库连接方式和数据库信息，均在spring配置文件中配置成dataSource
2、加入spring后，hibernate的DataSource、SessionFactory、事务管理都由spring配置，并且添加了HibernateTemplate、HibernateDaosupport使得hibernate的使用更加方便

创建实体类：

使用的是注解映射，所以不用编写映射文件，但是要在hibernate配置文件中加载mapping映射

package com.sise.hgl.po;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Table(name = "user")
@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private int id;
    @Column(name = "username", nullable = false)
    private String username;
    public void setId(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getId(){
        return id;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username){
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getUsername(){
        return username;
    }
}

编写Dao层：

Dao层接口：

package com.sise.hgl.dao;

import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface UserDao {
    public void addUser(User user);
    public void deleteUser(User user);
    public User queryUser(int id);
    public void updateUser(User user);
}

接口实现类:
UserDaoImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.dao.impl;

import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

    public void setSuperSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
        super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
    }
    public void addUser(User user) {
        getHibernateTemplate().persist(user);
    }
    public void deleteUser(User user) {
        getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
    }

    public User queryUser(int id) {
        return getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id);
    }

    public void updateUser(User user) {
        getHibernateTemplate().update(user);
    }
}

编写server层：

Service层接口：
UserService.java

package com.sise.hgl.service;

import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public interface UserService {
    public void addUser(User user);
    public void deleteUser(User user);
    public User queryUser(int id);
    public void updateUser(User user);

}

接口实现类：
UserServiceImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.service.impl;

import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import com.sise.hgl.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service("userService")
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Resource
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void addUser(User user) {
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }

    public void deleteUser(User user) {
        userDao.deleteUser(user);
    }

    public User queryUser(int id) {
        return userDao.queryUser(id);
    }

    public void updateUser(User user) {
        userDao.updateUser(user);
    }
}

spring配置文件

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <!-- 配置数据库连接池（数据源） -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate"/>
        <property name="username" value="数据库用户名"/>
        <property name="password" value="数据库密码"/>
        <property name="maxTotal" value="100"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="60"/>
        <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="10000"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理 -->
    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
	<!-- 配置HibernateTemplate -->
    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <
    <!-- spring自动扫描机制 用于注解注释-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.sise.hgl.dao.impl"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.sise.hgl.service.impl"/>
</beans>

使用tx，需要引入命名空间

hibernate配置文件

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
    <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <mapping class="com.sise.hgl.po.User"/>
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

测试类：

package com.sise.hgl;

import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import com.sise.hgl.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApplication {
    private  static ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");
    private static UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        addUser();
        delete(5);
        update(1, "hgl");
        findUserById(2);
    }
    public static void addUser(){
        User u1 = new User();
        u1.setUsername("Gavin");
        userService.addUser(u1);
        User u2 = new User();
        u2.setUsername("Steven");
        userService.addUser(u2);
        User u3 = new User();
        u3.setUsername("Tom");
        userService.addUser(u3);
        User u4 = new User();
        u4.setUsername("David");
        userService.addUser(u4);
        User u5 = new User();
        u5.setUsername("GLongH");
        userService.addUser(u5);

    }
    public static void findUserById(int id){
        User user = userService.queryUser(id);
        System.out.println("编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());
    }
    public static void update(int id, String name){
        User user = userService.queryUser(id);
        System.out.println("修改前：" + "编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());
        user.setUsername(name);
        userService.updateUser(user);
        user = userService.queryUser(id);
        System.out.println("修改后：" + "编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());
    }
    public static void delete(int id){
        User user = userService.queryUser(id);
        System.out.println("即将删除的数据为："+ "编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());
        userService.deleteUser(user);
        System.out.println("successfully");
    }

}

用到的注解：

@Entity:声明该类是Hibernate的实体类
@Table:对应数据库的表
@Id:声明为主键
@GeneratedValue:主键生成策略
@Column:声明数据对应的数据库字段
@Repository:与@component作用一样，前者表明该bean是dao层bean，默认id为类名首字母小写，可以另外设定。
@Service:与@component作用一样，前者表明该bean是service层bean，默认id为类名首字母小写，可以另外设定。
@Resource:通过名字注入，该注解是jdk中的不是spring中的。
@Transactional:由spring自动管理hibernate事务。

遇到的问题

找不到spring的@Transactional注解

  1. 引入@Transactional只有import javax.transaction.Transactional的源，而没有spring包下的。
    解决：该注解是org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional中的，在spring-tx包下，导入jar包即可。

使用HibernateDaoSupport时注入SessionFactory的方式

  1. 在使用HibernateDaoSupport的同时使用注解会遇到如何注入SessionFactory的问题，直接声明一个SessionFactory成员属性，这个方法并不能成功注入。而直接重写父类的setHibernateTemplate()方法可以但是！！！该方法是final不能重写。

解决：使用父类调用该方法完成注入

@Resource
    public void setSessionFactoryBySuper(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
        super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
    }

使用自动扫描机制时要添加扫描包

  1. 使用spring的自动扫描机制时，需要在配置文件中添加
<context:component-scan base-package="..."/>

xml配置全过程代码

User.java

package com.sise.hgl.po;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    public void setId(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getId(){
        return id;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username){
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getUsername(){
        return username;
    }
}

UserDao.java

package com.sise.hgl.dao;

import com.sise.hgl.po.User;

public interface UserDao {
    public void addUser(User user);
    public void deleteUser(User user);
    public User queryUser(int id);
    public void updateUser(User user);
}

UserDaoImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.dao.impl;

import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
    public void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate){
        this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;
    }
    public void addUser(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.persist(user);
    }
    public void deleteUser(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.delete(user);
    }
    public User queryUser(int id) {
        return hibernateTemplate.get(User.class, id);
    }
    public void updateUser(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.update(user);
    }
}

UserService.java

package com.sise.hgl.service;

import com.sise.hgl.po.User;

public interface UserService {
    public void addUser(User user);
    public void deleteUser(User user);
    public User queryUser(int id);
    public void updateUser(User user);

}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.service.impl;

import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import com.sise.hgl.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    public void addUser(User user) {
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }
    public void deleteUser(User user) {
        userDao.deleteUser(user);
    }
	public User queryUser(int id) {
        return userDao.queryUser(id);
    }
    public void updateUser(User user) {
        userDao.updateUser(user);
    }


}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="sise"/>
        <property name="maxTotal" value="100"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="60"/>
        <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="10000"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.sise.hgl.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.sise.hgl.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
    <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <mapping resource="com/sise/hgl/po/User.hbm.xml"/>
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.sise.hgl.po">
<class name="User" table="user">
    <id name="id">
        <generator class="identity"/>
    </id>
    <property name="username" type="string" length="50" not-null="true" column="username"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

以上是学习过程总结，如有疏漏之处，还请不吝赐教，让我能更加了解这方面内容，提前感谢。