java中的类型
- 基本类型(四型八种)
数值型: 整数类型:byte、short、int、long
浮点类型:float、double
字符型:char
布尔型:boolean - 引用类型
类:class
接口:interface
数组
基本类型与引用类型的区别(底层存储有区别):
java内存,划分为栈内存和堆内存
- 栈内存(stack)
- 存储基本类型变量和引用类型对象的地址信息。
- 堆内存(heap)
存储引用类型的独享。如由new创建的对象和数组
equles比较的是栈内存数据?还是堆内存数据?
如果是基本类型数据,equles主要比较的是栈内存
如果是引用类型数据,equles主要比较的是堆内存
常量池
常量池中,在程序加载时,jvm对在池中存储大量的数据(这些数据被认为将被程序频繁使用,故此提前开辟内存空间,将常用数据初始化,等待使用)
比如sun oralce IBM -128到127…true、false都在池中有,当你使用这些数据时,jvm会自动从池中取(可以有效减少jvm内存操作)
也解释了Java语言为什么性能可以接近C语言性能。
池中数据已经是固定的,而且主要是提升性能。
**是否存在着一种手段,可以将我的数据入池: **
- 程序中的字面量,默认自动入池
- 使用特定的方法,进行数据入池
深拷贝和浅拷贝
浅拷贝
(1)定义:
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。即对象的浅拷贝会对“主”对象进行拷贝,但不会复制主对象里面的对象。"里面的对象“会在原来的对象和它的副本之间共享。
简而言之,浅拷贝仅仅复制所考虑的对象,而不复制它所引用的对象
(2)浅拷贝实例:
public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("Delacey");
teacher.setAge(29);
Student2 student1 = new Student2();
student1.setName("Dream");
student1.setAge(18);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student2 student2 = (Student2) student1.clone();
System.out.println("拷贝后");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("Jam");
System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student2 implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object object = super.clone();
return object;
}
}
拷贝后
Dream
18
Delacey
29
修改老师的信息后-------------
Jam
Jam
深拷贝
(1)定义:
深拷贝是一个整个独立的对象拷贝,深拷贝会拷贝所有的属性,并拷贝属性指向的动态分配的内存。当对象和它所引用的对象一起拷贝时即发生深拷贝。深拷贝相比于浅拷贝速度较慢并且花销较大。
简而言之,深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。
(2)实现深拷贝(实例1):
public class DeepCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Teacher2 teacher = new Teacher2();
teacher.setName("Delacey");
teacher.setAge(29);
Student3 student1 = new Student3();
student1.setName("Dream");
student1.setAge(18);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student3 student2 = (Student3) student1.clone();
System.out.println("拷贝后");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("Jam");
System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher2 implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
class Student3 implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher2 teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher2 getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher2 teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// 浅复制时:
// Object object = super.clone();
// return object;
// 改为深复制:
Student3 student = (Student3) super.clone();
// 本来是浅复制,现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
student.setTeacher((Teacher2) student.getTeacher().clone());
return student;
}
}
拷贝后
Dream
18
Delacey
29
修改老师的信息后-------------
Jam
Delacey
(3)利用序列化实现深拷贝(实例2)
public class DeepCopyServiable {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Teacher3 t = new Teacher3();
t.setName("Taylor");
t.setAge(28);
Student3 s1 = new Student3();
s1.setAge(20);
s1.setName("blank space");
s1.setTeacher(t);
Student3 s2 = (Student3) s1.deepClone();
System.out.println("拷贝后:");
System.out.println(s2.getName());
System.out.println(s2.getAge());
System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("---------------------------");
t.setName("swift");
System.out.println("修改后:");
System.out.println(s1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher3 implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student3 implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher3 teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher3 getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher3 teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public Object deepClone() throws Exception {
// 序列化
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this);
// 反序列化
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
return ois.readObject();
}
}
拷贝后:
blank space
20
Taylor
28
---------------------------
修改后:
swift
Taylor