Spring异步任务
除自定义创建线程池外,Spring也提供了简单的异步任务实现,仅使用注解添加即可
异步任务配置
- 启动配置。对于使用注解的配置方法,配置类添加@EnableAsync注解。
对于XML配置方式,使用可以使用下面的配置,同时,对于线程池的大小,线程队列等参数也同样支持配置
<task:annotation-driven executor="annotationExecutor" />
<task:executor id="annotationExecutor"/>
- 方法配置。对于需要异步处理的方法,添加@Aync注解即可,值得注意的是被注解方法与调用方法不能在同一类内。
无返回异步任务
无返回异步任务仅在异步方法上添加注解即可:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class AsyncImpl implements AsyncInterface {
@Async
public void noResponseMethod() throws InterruptedException {
log.info("this is a no response async method, thread id is:{}",Thread.currentThread().getId());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
}
}
调用方按照正常方法的调用逻辑即可:
public class AsyncTestEntry implements AsyncTestEntryInterface {
@Autowired
private AsyncInterface asyncInterface;
public void asyncNoResponseEntry(){
log.info("begin a no response method,thread id is:{}", Thread.currentThread().getId());
try {
asyncInterface.noResponseMethod();
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("异步执行异常");
}
log.info("end a no response method,thread id is:{}", Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
}
带返回值的异步任务
同样,使用Spring自带的异步任务也需要使用Future来获取异步执行的结果:
@Async
public Future<String> haveResponseMethod() throws InterruptedException {
log.info("this is a have response async method, thread id is:{}",Thread.currentThread().getId());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
return AsyncResult.forValue("SUCCESS");
}
调用方使用get()方法获取异步任务的返回结果
public void asyncResponseEntry(){
log.info("begin a have response method,thread id is:{}", Thread.currentThread().getId());
try {
log.info(asyncInterface.haveResponseMethod().get());
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("异步执行异常");
}
log.info("end a have response method,thread id is:{}", Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
需要注意的是,获取异步任务的结果是阻塞的,异步任务没有返回前,get方法会阻塞直到异步方法抛出异常或正常返回结果。
带返回结果的异步任务回调处理
多个异步任务的情况下,对每个任务使用get方法会导致线程阻塞,避免这种情况,可以通过ListenableFuture,使用回调的形式来进行处理,为每个异步任务注册回调函数,在正常获取结果或异步抛出异常的终态处理业务;
调用方为异步任务注册回调函数,任务完成或异常时触发回调
public void asyncResponseEntry() throws InterruptedException {
log.info("begin a have response method,thread id is:{}", Thread.currentThread().getId());
ListenableFuture<String> listenableFuture = asyncInterface.haveResponseMethod();
listenableFuture.addCallback(new SuccessCallback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
log.info("异步任务执行完成,result:{}",result);
}
}, new FailureCallback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable ex) {
log.error("异步任务执行失败");
}
});
try {
asyncInterface.haveResponseMethod().get();
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("异步执行异常");
}
log.info("end a have response method,thread id is:{}", Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
异步任务返回结果需要ListenableFuture
@Async
public ListenableFuture<String> haveResponseMethod() throws InterruptedException {
log.info("this is a have response async method, thread id is:{}",Thread.currentThread().getId());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
return AsyncResult.forValue("SUCCESS");
}
自定义线程池
除使用spring提供的默认线程池外,也可以自定义线程池并进行配置,例如:
@Configuration
public class TaskConfiguration {
@Bean("taskExecutor")
public Executor taskExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);
executor.setQueueCapacity(200);
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-");
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new CallerRunsPolicy());
return executor;
}
}
使用时,仅需在@Async注解内标名线程池Bean名即可