1.串口连接
.pro文件中添加serialPort
QT += core gui serialport//查找可用的串口
foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
{
ui->PortBox->addItem(info.portName());
}
QString setPortName = ui->PortBox->currentText(); //端口
int setBaudBox = ui->BaudBox->currentText().toInt(); //波特率
QSerialPort::DataBits setDataBits = ui->BitBox->currentText(); //数据位
QSerialPort::StopBits setStopBits = ui->StopBox->currentText(); //停止位
QSerialPort::Parity setParityBits = ui->ParityBox->currentText(); //校验位
QSerialPort::FlowControl setFlowControl = ui->FlowControl->currentText(); //控制流
//通过读取界面设置的端口数据，选择并设置正确的数据
if(dataBits == "5"){
setDataBits = QSerialPort::Data5;
}else if(dataBits == "6"){
setDataBits = QSerialPort::Data6;
}else if(dataBits == "7"){
setDataBits = QSerialPort::Data7;
}else{
setDataBits = QSerialPort::Data8;
}
if(stopBits == "1"){
setStopBits = QSerialPort::OneStop;
}else if(stopBits == "2"){
setStopBits = QSerialPort::TwoStop;
}else{
setStopBits = QSerialPort::OneAndHalfStop;
}
if(parityBits == "None"){
setParityBits = QSerialPort::NoParity;
}else if(parityBits == "Odd"){
setParityBits = QSerialPort::OddParity;
}else if(parityBits == "Even"){
setParityBits = QSerialPort::EvenParity;
}else if(parityBits == "Mark"){
setParityBits = QSerialPort::MarkParity;
}else /*if(parityBits == "Space")*/{
setParityBits = QSerialPort::SpaceParity;
}
if(flowControl == "HardWare"){
setFlowControl = QSerialPort::HardwareControl;
}else if(flowControl == "SoftWare"){
setFlowControl = QSerialPort::SoftwareControl;
}else /*if(flowControl == "None")*/{
setFlowControl = QSerialPort::NoFlowControl;
}
serialPort.setPortName(setPortName); //将设置的串口参数写入
serialPort.setBaudRate(setBaudBox);
serialPort.setDataBits(setDataBits);
serialPort.setStopBits(setStopBits);
serialPort.setParity(setParityBits);
serialPort.setFlowControl(setFlowControl);
serialPort.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite); //打开串口2.串口读写数据
//send_byt 位要写入的数据
void mySerialPort::slot_sendText(QByteArray send_byt)
{
serialPort.write(QByteArray::fromHex(send_byt));
}
//读取串口中返回的数据
void mySerialPort::slot_serialPortRead()
{
QByteArray readText = serialPort.readAll();
emit showRead(readText,button_name);
}这条语句为读取返回数据的关键
作用：当发送数据有效，有返回数据时，会触发slot_serialPortRead()读取返回数据
connect(&serialPort,&QIODevice::readyRead,this,&mySerialPort::slot_serialPortRead);
可以根据自己的需求放在适合的位置，不知道放哪，可以直接放在mySerialPort::mySerialPort(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent){}中；
mySerialPort为我当前函数所在
QSerialPort serialPort;
connect(&serialPort,&QIODevice::readyRead,this,&mySerialPort::slot_serialPortRead);在实际工作中，通过串口写入的数据往往是公司给定的协议，我们需要将协议转换为具体的数据
可以得知我们可能需要发送不同的数据，这就需要我们在图形界面上获取输入的组成协议的数据，再通过协议规则生成完整的数据，并且需要CRC校验。
CRC校验的种类很多，实际工作中根据给定的CRC校验进行校验。
起始码、命令码、功能码、对象索引，有效数据 等根据实际情况输入，
数据长度：第四字节到累计和取反前字节数，[4,n-1]
CRC校验：根据给定的校验数据校验
累计和取反：第二字节到累计和取反前一字节，[2,n-1], 计算方式：将每一字节的16进制数相加，满0下0x100从0重新相加，得到累计和，再以0x100 - 累计和。
//*******发送采集数据命令************//
void MySerialPort::gatherLog()
{
QString startCode = "*"; //起始码
QString cmdCode = "A0"; //命令类型码
QString code2 = "0800"; //功能码
static quint16 tmp = 0; //对象索引
QString validData = "aabb"; //有效数据
QByteArray crcData = QByteArray::fromHex(validData.toLatin1()); //将有效数据转换为16进制
quint16 crc = CRC16_Dn_Cal((quint8 *)crcData.data(),(quint32)crcData.length(),(quint16)0xffff); //CRC16校验
crc = ((crc & 0x00FF) << 8) + ((crc & 0xFF00) >> 8); //高低位转换
quint16 index = ((tmp & 0x00FF) << 8) + ((tmp & 0xFF00) >> 8); //偏移的字节
QString needPacketData = code2 + QString("%1").arg(index,4,16,QLatin1Char('0')) + QString::number(crc, 16) + validData; // QString::number(crc, 16) 10进制整数转16进制字符串
QByteArray cheakSumData = data_packet(cmdCode,needPacketData); //得到需要进行校验的数据
QByteArray send_data = cheakSumData + cumulativeSum(cheakSumData); //累计和取反
serialport.write(startCode.toLatin1() + send_data); //串口发送采集命令
tmp++;
}
/* ------CRC校验函数------ */
quint16 MySerialPort::CRC16_Dn_Cal(quint8 * dat, quint32 len, quint16 startCrc)
{
const unsigned short CRC16_Dn_ByteTab[ 256 ] = {
0x0000, 0xC0C1, 0xC181, 0x0140, 0xC301, 0x03C0, 0x0280, 0xC241,
0xC601, 0x06C0, 0x0780, 0xC741, 0x0500, 0xC5C1, 0xC481, 0x0440,
0xCC01, 0x0CC0, 0x0D80, 0xCD41, 0x0F00, 0xCFC1, 0xCE81, 0x0E40,
0x0A00, 0xCAC1, 0xCB81, 0x0B40, 0xC901, 0x09C0, 0x0880, 0xC841,
0xD801, 0x18C0, 0x1980, 0xD941, 0x1B00, 0xDBC1, 0xDA81, 0x1A40,
0x1E00, 0xDEC1, 0xDF81, 0x1F40, 0xDD01, 0x1DC0, 0x1C80, 0xDC41,
0x1400, 0xD4C1, 0xD581, 0x1540, 0xD701, 0x17C0, 0x1680, 0xD641,
0xD201, 0x12C0, 0x1380, 0xD341, 0x1100, 0xD1C1, 0xD081, 0x1040,
0xF001, 0x30C0, 0x3180, 0xF141, 0x3300, 0xF3C1, 0xF281, 0x3240,
0x3600, 0xF6C1, 0xF781, 0x3740, 0xF501, 0x35C0, 0x3480, 0xF441,
0x3C00, 0xFCC1, 0xFD81, 0x3D40, 0xFF01, 0x3FC0, 0x3E80, 0xFE41,
0xFA01, 0x3AC0, 0x3B80, 0xFB41, 0x3900, 0xF9C1, 0xF881, 0x3840,
0x2800, 0xE8C1, 0xE981, 0x2940, 0xEB01, 0x2BC0, 0x2A80, 0xEA41,
0xEE01, 0x2EC0, 0x2F80, 0xEF41, 0x2D00, 0xEDC1, 0xEC81, 0x2C40,
0xE401, 0x24C0, 0x2580, 0xE541, 0x2700, 0xE7C1, 0xE681, 0x2640,
0x2200, 0xE2C1, 0xE381, 0x2340, 0xE101, 0x21C0, 0x2080, 0xE041,
0xA001, 0x60C0, 0x6180, 0xA141, 0x6300, 0xA3C1, 0xA281, 0x6240,
0x6600, 0xA6C1, 0xA781, 0x6740, 0xA501, 0x65C0, 0x6480, 0xA441,
0x6C00, 0xACC1, 0xAD81, 0x6D40, 0xAF01, 0x6FC0, 0x6E80, 0xAE41,
0xAA01, 0x6AC0, 0x6B80, 0xAB41, 0x6900, 0xA9C1, 0xA881, 0x6840,
0x7800, 0xB8C1, 0xB981, 0x7940, 0xBB01, 0x7BC0, 0x7A80, 0xBA41,
0xBE01, 0x7EC0, 0x7F80, 0xBF41, 0x7D00, 0xBDC1, 0xBC81, 0x7C40,
0xB401, 0x74C0, 0x7580, 0xB541, 0x7700, 0xB7C1, 0xB681, 0x7640,
0x7200, 0xB2C1, 0xB381, 0x7340, 0xB101, 0x71C0, 0x7080, 0xB041,
0x5000, 0x90C1, 0x9181, 0x5140, 0x9301, 0x53C0, 0x5280, 0x9241,
0x9601, 0x56C0, 0x5780, 0x9741, 0x5500, 0x95C1, 0x9481, 0x5440,
0x9C01, 0x5CC0, 0x5D80, 0x9D41, 0x5F00, 0x9FC1, 0x9E81, 0x5E40,
0x5A00, 0x9AC1, 0x9B81, 0x5B40, 0x9901, 0x59C0, 0x5880, 0x9841,
0x8801, 0x48C0, 0x4980, 0x8941, 0x4B00, 0x8BC1, 0x8A81, 0x4A40,
0x4E00, 0x8EC1, 0x8F81, 0x4F40, 0x8D01, 0x4DC0, 0x4C80, 0x8C41,
0x4400, 0x84C1, 0x8581, 0x4540, 0x8701, 0x47C0, 0x4680, 0x8641,
0x8201, 0x42C0, 0x4380, 0x8341, 0x4100, 0x81C1, 0x8081, 0x4040
};
quint8 temp;
quint32 i;
quint16 crc = startCrc;
for(i = 0; i < len; i ++)
{
temp=(quint8)(crc & 0x00FF) ^ dat[i];
crc >>= 8;
crc ^= CRC16_Dn_ByteTab[temp];
}
return crc;
}
/* --------cheakSum校验函数---------*/
QByteArray MySerialPort::cumulativeSum(QByteArray str)
{
QByteArray tem = str;
quint8 sum = 0;
quint16 max = 0x100;
for(int i=0;i<tem.length();i++)
{
sum += tem.at(i); //循环对tem求和
}
sum = sum & 0x00FF;
sum = max - sum; //得到校验和
return QByteArray::fromHex(QString::number(sum, 16).toLatin1());
}
/*---------数据封包函数---------*/
QByteArray MySerialPort::data_packet(QString code,QString str)
{
QByteArray cmd,after_packet;
cmd = QByteArray::fromHex(code.toLatin1()); //获得命令类型码
QString package = str; //n个byte的数据包
int length1 = package.length() / 2; //按2个字符1个byte分，计算出数据长度
QByteArray datalength = QByteArray::fromHex(QByteArray::number(length1,16)); //转换为16进制字符串
QByteArray packet = QByteArray::fromHex(package.toLatin1()); //数据封包
after_packet = cmd + datalength + packet;
return after_packet;
}
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