程序要求:
1.创建北京、上海两所学校(分析:通过学校类实例化两个学校实例)

2.创建Linux、python、go三个课程,Linux\go在北京开,Linux在上海开(创建Linux、python、go三门课程)

3.课程包含:周期、价格,通过学校来创建课程(分析:通过学校实例来创建课程,课程包含三个属性:名字、周期、价格)

4.通过学校来创建班级,班级关联课程、讲师(分析:通过学校实例来创建班级,班级要关联课程、讲师)

5.创建学员时,选择学校、关联班级(分析:选择学校后通过学校实例创建学员,学员关联班级)

6.创建讲师时要关联学校(分析:通过学校实例来创建讲师,并关联班级)

7.创建讲师角色时要关联学校提供的两个角色接口(同上)

8.学员视图:可以注册、交学费、选择班级

9.讲师视图:讲师可以管理自己的班级,上课选择班级、查看班级学员列表、修改所管理的学员的成绩

10.管理视图:创建讲师、创建班级、创建课程

11。上面的操作产生的数据都保存在文件里

由上述分析可知:需要创建5个类:学校、学员、班级、课程、讲师

5个类的对应关系:

一个学校对应多个班级、学员、课程、讲师

一个班级对应多个学员、一个课程、一个讲师

一个讲师对应多个班级、多个学员,(可通过班级找到学员、课程)

一个学员对应多个班级

有以上可知:可由学校类的属性中保存班级、学员、课程、讲师的实例字典,由班级类的属性中保

                     存学员实例字典,课程实例。由讲师类的属性中保存班级实例字典

功能需求:三个视图,即8、9、10所要求的功能

以下是程序的目录结构:

选修人数统计python_绝对路径

以下是程序的全部代码:

bin目录下的start



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 #!/user/bin/env.python
 3 #Author:Mr Wu
 4 
 5 import os,sys
 6 
 7 BASE_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 8 sys.path.insert(0,BASE_dir)
 9 from core import main
10 
11 if __name__ == '__main__':
12     obj = main.intersection_center()
13     obj.intersection()


View Code


conf目录下的settings



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



1 '''定义数据库的绝对路径'''
 2 import os
 3 if os.sep == "\\":
 4     BASE_dir = "\\".join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)).split("\\")[:-1])
 5     database_dir = os.path.join(BASE_dir,"database")
 6 else:
 7     BASE_dir = "/".join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)).split("/")[:-1])
 8     database_dir = os.path.join(BASE_dir,"database")
 9 
10 school_db_file = os.path.join(database_dir,"school")


View Code


core目录下的main:



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



import os,sys,shelve
BASE_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0,BASE_dir)
from modules import School
from conf import settings

class intersection_center(object):
    '''开始交互'''
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def intersection(self):
        while True:
            print("\033[1;30m欢迎来到学生选课系统\033[0m\n"
                  "1:\033[1;31m管理视图\033[0m\n"
                  "2:\033[1;32m讲师视图\033[0m\n"
                  "3:\033[1;33m学员视图\033[0m\n"
                  "q:\033[1;34m退出\033[0m\n")
            user_choice = input("\033[1;30m input your choice ID>>>:\033[0m")
            if user_choice == "1":
                manage_view()
            elif user_choice == "2":
                teacher_view()
            elif user_choice == "3":
                student_view()
            elif user_choice == "q":
                print("\033[1;30m感谢您使用学生信息管理系统\033[0m")
                break
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")

class manage_view(object):
    '''管理视图'''
    def __init__(self):
        if os.path.exists(settings.school_db_file+".dat"): #shelve的.dat文件是用来存数据的
            self.school_db = shelve.open(settings.school_db_file)
            self.manage_intersection()
            self.school_db.close()
        else:
            print("\033[1;31m系统提示:开始创建学校\033[0m")
            self.create_school()
            self.manage_intersection()
            self.school_db.close()
    def create_school(self):
        '''创建学校'''
        self.school_db = shelve.open(settings.school_db_file)
        for i in range(2):
            school_name = input("\033[1;30m input school name>>>:\033[0m")
            school_address = input("\033[1;30m input school address>>>:\033[0m")
            self.school_db[school_name] = School.School(school_name,school_address)
    def manage_intersection(self):
        '''管理视图交互'''
        count = 0
        print("\033[1;30m学校名称:\033[0m")
        for key in self.school_db:
            print(key)
        while count < 3:
            self.school_name = input("\033[1;30m输入要管理的学校名称>>>:\033[0m")
            if self.school_name in self.school_db:
                self.school = self.school_db[self.school_name]
                while True:
                    print("\033[1;30m欢迎来到管理视图\033[0m\n"""
                          "1:\033[1;31m创建班级\033[0m\n"
                          "2:\033[1;32m创建课程\033[0m\n"
                          "3:\033[1;33m招聘讲师\033[0m\n"
                          "4:\033[1;34m查看班级\033[0m\n"
                          "5:\033[1;35m查看讲师\033[0m\n"
                          "6:\033[1;36m查看课程\033[0m\n"
                          "b:\033[1;37m返回\033[0m\n")
                    user_choice = input("\033[1;30m input your choice ID>>>:\033[0m")
                    if user_choice == "1":
                        self.create_class()
                    elif user_choice == "2":
                        self.create_course()
                    elif user_choice == "3":
                        self.create_teacher()
                    elif user_choice == "4":
                        self.show_class()
                    elif user_choice == "5":
                        self.show_teacher()
                    elif user_choice == "6":
                        self.show_course()
                    elif user_choice == "b":
                        print("\033[1;35m感谢您使用管理视图\033[0m")
                        break
                    else:
                        print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                break
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m输入错误,请重新输入\033[0m")
                count += 1

    def create_class(self):
        '''创建班级'''
        while True:
            class_number = input("\033[1;30m输入班级编号>>>:\033[0m")
            if class_number in self.school.classes:
                print("\033[1;31m这个班级已经存在!\033[0m")
                continue
            else:
                course_name = input("\033[1;30m输入关联的课程名称>>>:\033[0m")
                if course_name in self.school.courses:
                    self.school.create_class(class_number,course_name)
                    print("\033[1;30m创建班级:\033[0m[\033[1;33m%s班]成功\033[0m,\033[1;30m开设课程:\033[0m[\033[1;33m%s\033[0m]"%(class_number,course_name))
                    if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续创建班级? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
                    if if_continue == "Y":
                        continue
                    elif if_continue == "N":
                        self.school_db.update({self.school_name:self.school})
                        break
                    else:
                        print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m此课程不存在,请先创建此课程!\033[0m")
                    break

    def create_teacher(self):
        '''招聘教师'''
        while True:
            tea_name = input("\033[1;30m输入讲师的名字>>>:\033[0m")
            if tea_name in self.school.teachers:
                print("\033[1;31m这个讲师已经存在!\033[0m")
                continue
            else:
                tea_age = input("\033[1;30m输入讲师的年龄>>>:\033[0m")
                tea_sex = input("\033[1;30m输入讲师的性别>>>:\033[0m")
                tea_salary = input("\033[1;30m输入讲师的薪资>>>:\033[0m")
                while True:
                    class_number_str = input("\033[1;30m输入关联的班级编号(格式:int,int...)>>>:\033[0m")
                    class_number_list = class_number_str.split(",")
                    count = 0
                    for class_number in class_number_list:
                        if class_number in self.school.classes:
                            count += 1
                    if count == len(class_number_list):
                        self.school.create_teacher(tea_name,tea_age,tea_sex,tea_salary,class_number_list)
                        print("讲师:[%s] 关联班级:[%s班]"%(tea_name,class_number_str))
                        break
                    else:
                        print("\033[1;31m关联的班级中有不存在的班级,请检查后重新输入!\033[0m")
                if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续招聘讲师? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
                if if_continue == "Y":
                    continue
                elif if_continue == "N":
                    print("\033[1;30m招聘讲师:[%s]成功\033[0m \033[1;33m薪资:[%s]\033[0m"%(tea_name,tea_salary))
                    self.school_db.update({self.school_name:self.school})
                    break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                    break

    def create_course(self):
        '''创建课程'''
        while True:
            course_name = input("\033[1;30m输入课程名字>>>:\033[0m")
            if course_name in self.school.courses:
                print("\033[1;31m这个课程已经存在!\033[0m")
                continue
            else:
                course_time = input("\033[1;30m输入课程周期>>>:\033[0m")
                course_price = input("\033[1;30m输入课程价格>>>:\033[0m")
                self.school.create_course(course_name,course_time,course_price)
                print("\033[1;30m创建课程:\033[0m\033[1;33m[%s]成功\033[0m,\033[1;30m课程周期:\033[0m\033[1;33m[%s]\033[0m"%(course_name,course_time))
                if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续创建课程? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
                if if_continue == "Y":
                    continue
                elif if_continue == "N":
                    self.school_db.update({self.school_name:self.school})
                    break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                    break

    def show_class(self):
        '''班级信息'''
        while True:
            self.school.show_classes()
            if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续查看班级信息? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
            if if_continue == "Y":
                continue
            elif if_continue == "N":
                break
            else:
                print("\033[1;301输入错误!\033[0m")

    def show_teacher(self):
        '''讲师信息'''
        while True:
            self.school.show_teachers()
            if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续查看讲师信息? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
            if if_continue == "Y":
                continue
            elif if_continue == "N":
                break
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")

    def show_course(self):
        '''课程信息'''
        while True:
            self.school.show_courses()
            if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续查看课程信息? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
            if if_continue == "Y":
                continue
            elif if_continue == "N":
                break
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")

class teacher_view(object):
    '''讲师视图'''
    def __init__(self):
        if os.path.exists(settings.school_db_file+".dat"):
            self.school_db = shelve.open(settings.school_db_file)
            self.teacher_intersection()
            self.school_db.close()
        else:
            print("\033[1;31m抱歉学校还未建成!\033[0m")

    def teacher_intersection(self):
        '''讲师交互'''
        count = 0
        while count < 3:
            self.school_name = input("\033[1;30m请输入您就职学校的名字>>>:\033[0m")
            if self.school_name in self.school_db:
                self.school = self.school_db[self.school_name]
                tea_name = input("\033[1;30m输入您的名字>>>:\033[0m")
                if tea_name in self.school.teachers:
                    self.teacher = self.school.teachers[tea_name]
                    while True:
                        print("\033[1;30m欢迎来到讲师视图\033[0m\n"
                              "1:\033[1;31m上课选择班级\033[0m\n"
                              "2:\033[1;32m查看学员列表\033[0m\n"
                              "b:\033[1;33m返回\033[0m\n")
                        user_choice = input("\033[1;30minput your choice ID>>>:\033[0m")
                        if user_choice == "1":
                            self.select_class()
                        elif user_choice == "2":
                            self.show_student()
                        elif user_choice == "b":
                            print("\033[1;33m感谢您使用讲师视图\033[0m")
                            break
                        else:
                            print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                    break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                    count += 1
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                count += 1

    def show_student(self):
        '''查看学员列表'''
        while True:
            print("\033[1;30m班级列表:\033[0m")
            for key in self.teacher.classes:
                print("\033[1;36m班级编号:%s 开设课程:%s\033[0m"%(key,self.teacher.classes[key].course_obj.course_name))
            class_number = input("\033[1;30m输入您想查看的班级编号>>>:\033[0m")
            if class_number in self.teacher.classes:
                class_obj = self.teacher.classes[class_number]
                for key in class_obj.student_list:
                    stu_name = key
                    stu_age = class_obj.student_list[stu_name].stu_age
                    print("\033[1;30m学员名字:%s\033[0m \033[1;31m学员年龄:%s\033[0m"%(stu_name,stu_age))
                if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续查看学员列表? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
                if if_continue == "Y":
                    continue
                elif if_continue == "N":
                    break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m班级编号不存在!\033[0m")

    def select_class(self):
        '''上课选择班级'''
        while True:
            for class_number in self.teacher.classes:
                class_obj = self.teacher.classes[class_number]
                course_name = class_obj.course_obj.course_name
                print("\033[1;30m班级编号:%s\033[0m \033[1;31m开设课程:m%s\033[0m"%(class_number,course_name))
            select_class = input("\033[1;30m输入您想要上课的班级编号>>>:\033[0m")
            if select_class in self.teacher.classes:
                print("\033[1;35m讲师%s今天给%s班上课....\033[0m"%(self.teacher.tea_name,select_class))
                if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否重新选择上课班级? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
                if if_continue == "Y":
                    continue
                elif if_continue == "N":
                    break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")


class student_view(object):
    '''学员视图'''
    def __init__(self):
        if os.path.exists(settings.school_db_file+".dat"):
            self.school_db = shelve.open(settings.school_db_file)
            self.student_interaction()
            self.school_db.close()
        else:
            print("\033[1;31m抱歉学校还未建成!\033[0m")
    def student_interaction(self):
        '''学生交互'''
        while True:
            print("\033[1;30m欢迎来到学生视图\033[0m\n"
                  "1:\033[1;31m注册\033[0m\n"
                  "2:\033[1;32m查看课程\033[0m\n"
                  "b:\033[1;33m返回\033[0m\n")
            user_choice = input("\033[1;30m input your choice ID>>>:\033[0m")
            if user_choice == "1":
                self.registered_class()
            elif user_choice == "2":
                self.show_course()
            elif user_choice == "b":
                print("\033[1;35m感谢您使用学生视图\033[0m")
                break
            else:
                print("\033[1;35m输入错误!\033[0m")
    def registered_class(self):
        '''注册学校、班级、缴费'''
        while True:
            print("\033[1;30m学校名称:\033[0m")
            for key in self.school_db:
                print(key)
            self.school_name = input("\033[1;30m输入您想要注册的学校>>>:\033[0m")
            if self.school_name in self.school_db:
                self.school = self.school_db[self.school_name]
                for key in self.school.classes:
                    class_obj = self.school.classes[key]
                    course_name = class_obj.course_obj.course_name
                    course_price = class_obj.course_obj.course_price
                    print("\033[1;33m班级编号:%s\033[0m \033[1;34m课程名称:%s\033[0m \033[1;35m课程价格:%s\033[0m"%(key,course_name,course_price))
                class_number = input("\033[1;30m输入您想要注册的班级编号>>>:\033[0m")
                if class_number in self.school.classes:
                    class_obj = self.school.classes[class_number]
                    course_money = class_obj.course_obj.course_price
                    stu_name = input("\033[1;30m输入您的名字>>>:\033[0m")
                    if stu_name in class_obj.student_list:
                        print("\033[1;31m您已经报名此班级,请选择其他班级\033[0m")
                    else:
                        stu_age = input("\033[1;30m输入您的年龄>>>:\033[0m")
                        stu_sex = input("\033[1;30m输入您的性别>>>:\033[0m")
                        if_pay = input("\033[1;30m您选中的课程费用为:%s,是否支付费用? Y/N>>>:\033[0m"%(course_money))
                        if if_pay == "Y":
                            print("\033[1;39m注册班级:[%s班]成功 , 学习课程:[%s]\033[0m"%(class_number,class_obj.course_obj.course_name))
                        elif if_pay == "N":
                            continue
                        else:
                            print("\033[1;31m输入错误!\033[0m")
                        self.school.create_student(stu_age,stu_sex,stu_name,class_number)
                        self.school_db.update({self.school_name:self.school})
                        break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m不存在此班级编号!\033[0m")
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m不存在此学校!\033[0m")
    def show_course(self):
        '''查看课程信息'''
        while True:
            class_number = input("\033[1;30m输入您上课的班级编号>>>:\033[0m")
            if class_number in self.school.classes:
                class_obj = self.school.classes[class_number]
                course_obj = class_obj.course_obj
                course_name = course_obj.course_name
                course_time = course_obj.course_time
                course_price = course_obj.course_price
                print("\033[1;32m课程:%s\033[0m \033[1;33m周期:%s\033[0m \033[1;34m价格:%s\033[0m"%(course_name,course_time,course_price))
                if_continue = input("\033[1;30m是否继续查看课程信息? Y/N>>>:\033[0m")
                if if_continue == "Y":
                    continue
                elif if_continue == "N":
                    break
                else:
                    print("\033[1;31m输入错误\033[0m")
            else:
                print("\033[1;31m不存在此班级编号!\033[0m")


View Code


modules目录:

Class:



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



1 class Class(object):
2     def __init__(self,class_number,course_obj):
3         self.class_number = class_number
4         self.course_obj = course_obj
5         self.student_list = {}


View Code


Teacher:



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



1 class Teacher(object):
2     def __init__(self,tea_name,tea_age,tea_sex,tea_salary):
3         self.tea_name = tea_name
4         self.tea_age = tea_age
5         self.tea_sex = tea_sex
6         self.tea_salary = tea_salary
7         self.classes = {}
8     def teacher_add_class(self,class_number,class_obj):
9         self.classes[class_number] = class_obj


View Code


School:



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



from modules import Course,Class,Student,Teacher
import pickle
class School(object):
    '''学校类'''
    def __init__(self,school_name,school_address):
        self.school_name = school_name
        self.school_address = school_address
        self.teachers = {} #讲师实例
        self.classes = {} #班级实例
        self.courses = {} #课程实例
        #self.students = {} #待扩展
    def create_class(self,class_number,course_name):
        '''创建班级、班级关联课程'''
        class1 = Class.Class(class_number,self.courses[course_name])
        self.classes[class_number] = class1

    def create_teacher(self,tea_name,tea_age,tea_sex,tea_salary,class_number_list):
        '''招聘讲师'''
        teacher = Teacher.Teacher(tea_name,tea_age,tea_sex,tea_salary)
        for class_number in class_number_list:
            teacher.teacher_add_class(class_number,self.classes[class_number])
        self.teachers[tea_name ] = teacher

    def create_student(self,stu_age,stu_sex,stu_name,class_number):
        '''创建学员,关联班级'''
        student = Student.Student(stu_name,stu_age,stu_sex)
        self.classes[class_number].student_list[stu_name] = student

    def create_course(self,course_name,course_time,course_price):
        '''创建课程'''
        course = Course.Course(course_name,course_time,course_price)
        self.courses[course_name] = course

    def show_teachers(self):
        '''查看教师信息'''
        for key in self.teachers:
            tea_obj = self.teachers[key]
            print("名字:%s 年龄:%s 性别:%s 薪资:%s"%(tea_obj.tea_name,tea_obj.tea_age,tea_obj.tea_sex,tea_obj.tea_salary))

    def show_classes(self):
        '''查看班级信息'''
        for key in self.classes:
            class_obj = self.classes[key]
            print("班级编号:%s 开设课程:%s"%(class_obj.class_number,class_obj.course_obj.course_name))

    def show_courses(self):
        '''查看课程信息'''
        for key in self.courses:
            course_obj = self.courses[key]
            print("课程:%s 周期:%s 价格:%s"%(course_obj.course_name,course_obj.course_time,course_obj.course_price))


View Code


Course·:



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



class Course(object):
    def __init__(self,course_name,course_time,course_price):
        self.course_name = course_name
        self.course_time = course_time
        self.course_price = course_price


View Code


Student:



选修人数统计python_绝对路径_02

选修人数统计python_Code_03



1 class Student(object):
2     def __init__(self,stu_name,stu_age,stu_sex):
3         self.stu_name = stu_name
4         self.stu_age = stu_age
5         self.stu_sex = stu_sex


View Code


 以下是程序执行过程、结果

开始界面:

选修人数统计python_Code_18

管理视图

 

选修人数统计python_数据库_19

选修人数统计python_数据库_20

创建课程:

选修人数统计python_绝对路径_21

创建班级:

选修人数统计python_数据库_22

 招聘讲师:

选修人数统计python_绝对路径_23

 查看班级:

选修人数统计python_数据库_24

查看讲师:

选修人数统计python_Code_25

查看课程:

选修人数统计python_绝对路径_26

讲师视图

选修人数统计python_绝对路径_27

上课选班级:

 

选修人数统计python_选修人数统计python_28

查看学员列表:

选修人数统计python_选修人数统计python_29

学员视图:

选修人数统计python_数据库_30

注册:

选修人数统计python_数据库_31

选修人数统计python_绝对路径_32

查看课程:

选修人数统计python_选修人数统计python_33

 开发过程中遇到的问题:

1.数据存储问题:学校、班级、讲师、课程、学员之间的信息相互关联,如果将其分开存文件,那么如果有一处的信息变动,那么与之相关联的文件也要修改,这样做十分麻烦。

所以把班级实例、讲师实例、课程实例、学员实例都保存在学校实例中,这样只需要存学校一个文件即可

2.数据序列化问题:开始的时候我使用的是pickle序列化,这样在每个方法中都必须打开-关闭文件才能将文件中的数据更新,这样做十分麻烦。解决方法:使用shelve数据序列化,

在交互开始的时候打开文件,在交互结束的时候再关闭文件,在交互的过程中使用sellf.school_d.update({self.school_name:sellf.school})来更新文件中的数据,这样做十分简略