Java中HTTP如何接收文件流

在Java中,我们可以使用HTTP协议来实现文件的上传和下载。当我们需要接收文件流时,我们可以使用一些开源的HTTP库,如Apache HttpComponents、OkHttp等。在本文中,我们将使用Apache HttpComponents来演示如何接收文件流。

1. 引入依赖

首先,我们需要在我们的项目中引入Apache HttpComponents的依赖。如果你使用的是Maven,可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖:

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

如果你使用的是Gradle,可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖:

dependencies {
  implementation 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.13'
}

2. 发送文件请求

现在,我们来看一下如何使用Apache HttpComponents发送HTTP请求并接收文件流。假设我们需要从服务器上下载一个文件。

首先,我们需要创建一个HttpClient对象:

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

接下来,我们需要创建一个HttpGet对象,并设置请求的URL:

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("

然后,我们可以使用HttpClient对象来执行HttpGet请求,并获得服务器的响应:

CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) httpClient.execute(httpGet);

3. 接收文件流

一旦我们获得了服务器的响应,我们就可以从响应中获取文件流并保存到本地文件。

InputStream inputStream = response.getEntity().getContent();
OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("path/to/save/file.pdf");

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead;
while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
    outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}

outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();

在上面的代码中,我们首先获取响应的实体内容,即文件流。然后,我们使用一个缓冲区来读取文件流的数据,并将其写入到本地文件中。最后,记得关闭输入流和输出流。

完整代码示例

下面是一个完整的示例代码,包括发送HTTP请求、接收文件流以及关闭资源的部分:

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

public class FileDownloader {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("

        try {
            CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            InputStream inputStream = response.getEntity().getContent();
            OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("path/to/save/file.pdf");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            }

            outputStream.close();
            inputStream.close();
            response.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

类图

下面是使用Mermaid语法表示的类图,展示了本示例中使用到的类和它们之间的关系:

classDiagram
  class HttpClient {
    <<interface>>
    +execute(HttpRequest) : HttpResponse
  }
  class CloseableHttpClient {
    <<interface>>
    +execute(HttpRequest) : CloseableHttpResponse
  }
  class HttpGet {
    +HttpGet(String)
  }
  class CloseableHttpResponse {
    <<interface>>
    +getEntity() : HttpEntity
    +close()
  }
  class InputStream {
    <<interface>>
    +read(byte[]) : int
    +close()
  }
  class FileOutputStream {
    +FileOutputStream(String)
    +write(byte[], int, int)
    +close()
  }
  class HttpResponse {
    <<interface>>
    +getStatusLine() : StatusLine
  }
  class HttpEntity {
    <<interface>>
    +getContent() : InputStream
  }
  class StatusLine {
    +getStatusCode()
  }
  HttpClient <|.. CloseableHttpClient
  CloseableHttpResponse <|.. HttpResponse
  HttpResponse "1" --> "1" Status