科普文章:Android H5下载

介绍

在移动应用开发中,有时候我们需要让用户能够下载一些H5页面或者文件,以便在离线状态下浏览。本文将介绍如何在Android应用中实现H5下载功能。

H5下载功能实现

1. 添加权限

在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加网络权限和存储权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

2. 创建下载功能

首先,在Activity中添加一个WebView组件用于显示H5页面:

WebView webView = findViewById(R.id.webView);

然后,设置WebView的下载监听:

webView.setDownloadListener(new DownloadListener() {
    @Override
    public void onDownloadStart(String url, String userAgent, String contentDisposition, String mimetype, long contentLength) {
        // 开始下载
        DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
        request.setMimeType(mimetype);
        request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
        request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
        String fileName = URLUtil.guessFileName(url, contentDisposition, mimetype);
        request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, fileName);
        DownloadManager downloadManager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
        downloadManager.enqueue(request);
    }
});

3. 添加下载完成广播接收器

创建一个广播接收器来监听下载完成事件,并在下载完成后打开文件:

BroadcastReceiver onComplete = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    public void onReceive(Context ctxt, Intent intent) {
        long downloadId = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
        if (downloadId != -1) {
            DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query();
            query.setFilterById(downloadId);
            DownloadManager downloadManager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
            Cursor cursor = downloadManager.query(query);
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                String fileUri = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI));
                Intent i = new Intent();
                i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                i.setDataAndType(Uri.parse(fileUri), cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_MEDIA_TYPE)));
                startActivity(i);
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
};

registerReceiver(onComplete, new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE));

4. 添加权限请求处理

在Android 6.0及以上版本,需要动态请求存储权限:

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
    if (checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
    }
}

5. 状态图

以下是H5下载功能的状态图:

stateDiagram
    Downloading --> Completed: 下载完成
    Downloading --> Failed: 下载失败
    Completed --> Opened: 打开文件
    Failed --> Restart: 重新下载

总结

通过以上步骤,我们可以实现在Android应用中实现H5下载功能。首先添加必要的权限,然后在WebView中设置下载监听,并通过DownloadManager进行下载。最后,添加一个广播接收器来监听下载完成事件并打开文件。希望本文对您有所帮助!